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Home My WebLink About2022 CINGSA Cook Inlet Natural Gas Storage Alaska, LLC 2023 Annual Material Balance Analysis Report To Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (AOGCC) May 15, 2023 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 2 Cook Inlet Natural Gas Storage Alaska, LLC 2022-2023 Storage Field Injection/Withdrawal Performance and Material Balance Report Executive Summary/Conclusion Cook Inlet Natural Gas Storage Alaska, LLC (CINGSA) filed an application with the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (AOGCC) on July 27, 2010, for authority to operate the Cannery Loop Sterling C Pool to provide underground natural gas storage service. In that application, CINGSA requested authority to store a total of 18 Bcf of natural gas, including 7 Bcf of base gas and 11 Bcf of working gas. CINGSA estimated that this initial phase of development would result in a maximum average reservoir pressure of approximately 1520 psia based upon the original material balance analysis of the reservoir, all as more fully described in the application. By Order dated November 19, 2010, AOGCC issued Injection Order No. 9 (SIO 9) granting CINGSA the authorization sought in its application and limiting the maximum allowed reservoir pressure to 1700 psia. On November 15, 2012, CINGSA filed an Application for Storage Capacity Certification (Form 10-427) with the AOGCC. CINGSA requested a capacity certification of 11 Bcf of working gas consistent with CINGSA’s contractual obligations to provide firm storage service under Firm Storage Service Agreements with its customers. On May 15, 2013, the Commission granted CINGSA’s certification, but limited the certified amount to 10.5 Bcf. On June 4, 2013, CINGSA petitioned for reconsideration of this certification; this petition was denied by letter dated June 14, 2013. In April 2014, CINGSA subsequently applied to the AOGCC requesting authority to increase the maximum reservoir pressure to the original discovery pressure of 2200 psia. By Order dated June 4, 2014, the AOGCC issued Injection Order No. 9A, granting CINGSA the authorization sought in its April 2014 application. On August 15, 2022, CINGSA again submitted an Application for Storage Capacity Certification (Form 10- 427) with the AOGCC. CINGSA requested a capacity certification of 12.5 Bcf of working gas; the application included ten years of operating history which demonstrates the increase in capacity will not result in the reservoir exceeding the maximum reservoir pressure approved by the Commission in the Commission’s June 4, 2014 Injection Order 9A. The Commission administratively approved the requested increase in capacity on August 17, 2022. Pursuant to SIOs 9 and 9A, An annual report evaluating the performance of the storage injection operation must be provided to the AOGCC no later than May 15. The report shall include CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 3 material balance calculations of the gas production and injection volumes and a summary of well performance data to provide assurance of continued reservoir confinement of the gas storage volumes. This is the eleventh such annual report to be filed by CINGSA. The CINGSA facility was commissioned in April 2012 and has now completed eleven full years of operation. This report documents gas storage operational activity during the past twelve months and includes monthly net injection/withdrawal volumes for the facility and total inventory at month-end. A plot of the wellhead pressure versus total inventory of the field since commencing storage operations is contained in this report; the plot demonstrates that the pressure versus inventory performance is generally consistent with design expectations, although actual pressure has trended above design expectations. CINGSA believes the reason for this is related to an isolated pocket (separate reservoir) of native gas, believed to be at or near native pressure conditions, which CINGSA encountered when it perforated/completed the CLU S-1 well. This gas has since commingled with gas in the depleted main reservoir and provides pressure support to the storage operation. Based upon currently available data, the estimated volume of gas associated with the separate reservoir falls in the range from 14-19.5 Bcf. This report also documents the injection/withdrawal flow rate performance of each of the five wells. CINGSA conducted a back-pressure test on CLU S-5 in September 2022, and CLU S-1, CLU S-2, and CLU S-4 in April 2023. The results of each test are documented in the body of this report. CINGSA should continue to periodically back-pressure test all five of its storage wells. A 2-3-year rotational basis should be adequate to confirm that all wells are performing consistently and with no loss of deliverability capability. Following that protocol, CLU S-3 should be tested this year. The test results may also provide an early indication of a loss of storage well integrity if a loss of integrity were to occur. At this time, there is no evidence of a decline in deliverability of any of the wells related to a loss of wellbore integrity. Consistent with standard operations and the general requirements outlined under the AOGCC’s SIO 9a, dated June 4, 2014, two planned facility shutdowns were conducted during the past twelve months, each approximately one week in duration. The first shutdown occurred during the period of September 12-19, 2022 and the second during the period of April 10-17 of this year. The purpose of these two shutdowns was to suspend injection/withdrawal operations so that each well could be shut-in for pressure monitoring and to allow reservoir pressure to begin to stabilize. The well shut-in pressure data was analyzed via graphical material balance analysis. The pressure versus inventory CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 4 relationship of the field is consistent with historical performance and does not indicate any evidence of a loss of storage gas or reservoir integrity. These results support the conclusion that all the injected gas remains confined within the reservoir. The CINGSA facility operates with two custody transfer meters, one of which is connected to the “CINGSA lateral” and the other to the KNPL pipeline. Monthly calibration checks are performed on both meters to confirm they are performing within the manufacturer’s specifications. A loss of calibration could result in a measurement error impacting storage inventory and necessitate an adjustment to inventory. A downward adjustment to storage inventory of 33 mcf was posted in April 2022; no other adjustments to storage inventory were required during the period April 2022-April 2023. Each well that penetrates the cap rock of the Sterling C Gas Storage Pool could be a leak path for injected storage gas. If a loss of wellbore integrity were to occur in a well that penetrates the storage formation, it could manifest itself via a rise in the annular pressure of that well. Direct evidence of a loss of integrity could include, but may not be limited to, annulus pressure equal to the storage operating pressure and/or cyclic pressure behavior that matches that of the injection/withdrawal wells. This report includes a summary of shut-in pressures recorded on the annular spaces of each of the CINGSA storage wells and select annular spaces of the 14 third-party wells which penetrate the Sterling C Gas Storage Pool. Based upon a review of the available information associated with the 14 third-party wells which penetrate the storage formation, and the five wells owned by CINGSA, there is no evidence of any gas leakage from the Sterling C Gas Storage Pool at the time this report was prepared. This analysis also included a review of historical production data from the 14 third-party wells noted above which penetrate the Sterling C Pool. Only seven of the fourteen wells remain on production; the other seven are either listed as “suspended”, “shut-in” or have been plugged and abandoned. Of the seven which remain in production, six are completed in and producing from the Beluga formation, which is immediately below the Sterling C Storage Pool. This includes CLU 01RD, CLU 8, CLU 9, CLU 10 RD, and CLU 13-15 (CLU 01RD is dually completed and had also been producing from the Upper Tyonek, though production from that zone is currently listed as “shut-in”). The remaining well (CLU 05RD2) is completed in and producing exclusively from the Tyonek D formation. Based upon a review of the production history of all seven wells, there is no evidence which suggests production from any of these wells is being influenced by CINGSA’s gas storage operations. In summary, operating data generally supports the conclusion that reservoir integrity remains intact, and although the reservoir is now effectively functioning as a larger CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 5 reservoir due to encountering additional native gas in the Sterling C1c interval of the CLU S-1 well, all the injected gas appears to remain within the greater reservoir and is accounted for currently. 2022-2023 Storage Operations The 2022-2023 storage cycle covers the period from April 18, 2022, the final day of the 2022 spring semi-annual shut-down, through April 17, 2023. Total inventory on April 18, 2022, was 13,667,164 Mcf.1 Table 1 lists the remaining native gas-in-place as of April 1, 2012, net injection/withdrawal activity by month during the past 11 years, and the total gas-in-place at the end of each month since storage operations commenced. Note that the figures listed in Table 1 only include total inventory and have not been adjusted to include the estimated 14.0-19.5 Bcf of additional native gas associated with the isolated reservoir encountered by CLU S-1. The reservoir’s pressure vs. gas-in-place (total inventory) relationship has been monitored on a real-time basis since the commencement of storage operations to aid in identifying a loss of reservoir integrity. This type of plot is widely used in the gas storage industry. By tracking this data on a real-time basis, it is possible to detect a material loss of reservoir integrity. CLU S-3 was shut-in for most of the summer of 2012 and for a shorter period in 2013 so that wellhead pressure could be recorded for this purpose; thereafter it has been shut-in periodically to confirm the pressure versus inventory trend has remained consistent. Figure 1 is a plot of the actual wellhead pressure readings from CLU S-3 versus total inventory during the past six storage cycles, from April 1, 2017, through April 17, 2023 (again, excluding the “found” native gas in the isolated reservoir). This plot also includes the expected wellhead pressure versus inventory response based on CINGSA’s initial storage operation design and computer modeling studies of the reservoir. The actual shut-in pressure of CLU S-3 initially aligned with simulated pressure from the modeling studies. However, at total inventory levels above approximately 11 Bcf, the shut-in wellhead pressure on CLU S-3 has been consistently higher than expected when compared to predicted shut-in pressure derived from initial computer modeling studies. The shut-in pressure readings have been trending approximately 350 psig above the Stabilized Wellhead Design Pressure. This higher observed pressure of CLU S-3 is attributable to an influx of a portion of the estimated 14.0-19.5 Bcf of native gas that CINGSA encountered when it completed the CLU S-1 well. The overall trend of the 1 Throughout this report, the term “Total Inventory” refers to the sum of the base gas in the reservoir plus the customer working gas in the reservoir. Total Inventory does not include the native gas CINGSA discovered when drilling the CLU S-1 well. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 6 wellhead shut-in pressure of CLU S-3 versus total inventory plot has maintained a consistent and predictable linear trend; the trend supports the conclusion that there currently is no evidence of gas loss associated with storage operations, nor any other loss of well or reservoir integrity. More recently, CLU S-2 has been shut-in periodically to assess whether the wellhead pressure on it provides a more accurate indication of average reservoir pressure than CLU S-3. Figure 1 provides a comparison of the shut-in pressure vs. inventory data from these two wells. At this early stage of monitoring there does not appear to be a significant difference in the pressure vs. inventory trend of these two wells; pressure on CLU S-2 appears to be trending slightly lower than CLU S-3 at comparable inventory. CINGSA should continue to periodically record the shut-in pressure of CLU S-2 to determine whether it continues to mirror the behavior of CLU S-3 over the broader range of operations. Well Deliverability Performance The CINGSA facility is equipped with a robust station control automation and data acquisition (SCADA) system, which includes the capability to monitor and record the pressure and flow rate of each well on a real time basis. Monitoring well deliverability is an important element of storage integrity management because a decline in well deliverability may be symptomatic of a loss of well integrity. It may also be an indication of wellbore damage caused by contaminants such as compressor lube oil, or formation of scale across the perforations, etc. Throughout the injection and withdrawal seasons, the deliverability of each well has been monitored via the SCADA system so that individual well flow performance could be tracked against past performance and the results of prior back-pressure tests performed on each well. Since converting the field to storage, CLU S-5 exhibited a tendency to water-off during the withdrawal season. CINGSA installed a velocity string in this well in October 2020 to aid in keeping the well free of liquid accumulation (though the well was not restored to full service until October 2021). During the 2022-2023 withdrawal season, CLU S-5 contributed 8.2 percent of the total withdrawals from October-March, and about 294 mmcf of gas. During the 2021-2022 season the well contributed 330 mmcf to net withdrwals, or nearly 7 percent of the total for that season. During both withdrawal seasons CLU S-5 produced more gas and more consistently than any year during the October- March period since the commencement of storage operations. These metrics demonstrate that the velocity string achieved its intended purpose of keeping the wellbore free of liquid loading, and significantly improved the withdrawal reliability of CLU S-5. CINGSA conducted back-pressure tests on CLU S-5 in September, 2022 and on CLU S- 1, S-2, and S-4 in April, 2023. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 7 The 2022 test results on CLU S-5 suggest a very small decline in peak-day withdrawal performance (4-5 percent) relative to when it was last tested in September 2015. However, the 2015 test was performed prior to the installation of a small diameter velocity string to aid the well in unloading liquid. The smaller diameter tubing string results in greater frictional pressure losses, and as such, likely accounts for the apparent “decline” in peak-day deliverability. The back-pressure test of CLU S-1 confirmed that the cleanout performed on that well in September 2022 was successful in fully restoring the deliverability performance of the well to its capability prior to the well loading up with sand during the 2021-2022 withdrawal season. CLU S-2 was tested on April 18, 2023. The deliverability performance of this well has not changed since it was last tested in February 2018. The most recent back-pressure test of CLU S-4 appears to indicate that it has experienced a small decline in deliverability relative to prior test results. This includes testing performed immediately after it was re-perforated in 2012, and data from 2015 when the field was tested during a period of high demand involving both free-flow withdrawals and compression withdrawals. The decline is in the order of 7-10 percent. That said, fluid level data from the well just prior to the most recent test indicates that over half of the perforations were below the fluid level. This may have impacted the test results and could account for the relatively small decline. Based on back-pressure test results, CLU S-1 continues to exhibit the strongest deliverability capability of all five wells, contributing an average of about 42 percent of the field flow during withdrawals. Wells CLU S-2, S-3, and S-4 have historically contributed up to approximately 18, 24, and 12 percent, respectively. CLU S-5 has contributed only about 1-6 percent of the total flow depending on the amount of water in the wellbore, though the past two withdrawal seasons it has contributed 7-8 percent of the total withdrawals, which is a marked improvement compared to its contribution prior to installation of the velocity string. A comparison of actual flow data from the wells generally supports the back pressure test results. Thus, the back-pressure test process and results generally represent a good proxy for what may be expected in terms of actual well deliverability. Overall, it appears that peak-day field deliverability may have fallen very slightly, due in part to the small diameter velocity string that was installed in CLU S-5 and possibly in CLU S-4, though as noted above, this may be due to fluid covering a portion of the perforations in CLU S- 4. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 8 2022 Injection Season Operations and September 2022 Shut-in Pressure Test The field was released for resumption of active storage operations on April 18, 2022. During the remainder of April, the field was used for both injections and withdrawals. Monthly net injection totals during the May-August period ranged from about 600-1,300 mmcf, which is consistent with prior injection season activity. The highest daily injection during the season was 64 mmcf/d. The field was shut-in for pressure stabilization on September 12, 2022. The shut-in pressure stabilization period extended from September 12-19, 2022. Total gas inventory on September 12 was 17,714,717 mcf, including 10,714,717 mcf of customer working gas plus 7,000,000 mscf of CINGSA base gas. Table 2 lists the wellhead shut-in pressure for all five wells each day during the shut-in period. It also lists the day-to-day decline in pressure and the overall weighted average pressure of all five wells. On the final day of shut-in, wellhead pressures ranged from a low of 1690.9 psig on CLU S-3 to a high of 1727.8 psig on CLU S-2. The wellhead pressure for CLU S-1 was estimated due to a standing fluid column in the wellbore, which remained from the clean-out that was performed just prior to the shut-in test. Wellhead pressures did not fully stabilize during the week-long shut-in; average field pressure on the final day of shut-in decreased at a rate of approximately 0.65 psi/day. Figure 2 is a plot of the shut-in wellhead pressure of each well and the weighted average wellhead pressure for all five wells. The weighted average wellhead pressure on September 19th was 1709.2 psig and the average reservoir pressure was 1936.3 psia. Table 4 provides a summary of the surface and reservoir pressure conditions and the total gas-in-place at the time the reservoir was discovered. It also lists the same data for the 22 shut-in periods since commencement of storage operations. Lastly, it lists the gas specific gravity, the percentage of nitrogen and carbon dioxide contained in the storage gas, reservoir datum depth, and reservoir temperature. NOTE, no adjustment has been made at this time to CINGSA’s accounting records nor to the Total Gas-in-Place figures listed in Table 4 to reflect the additional native gas encountered in the isolated reservoir. Table 5 is a modified version of Table 4; this version has been adjusted to reflect the Total Gas-in-Place as if the Sterling C Pool and the isolated reservoir are connected and functioning as a single larger reservoir. Thus, the Total Gas-in-Place listed in Table 5 reflects the storage inventory currently listed in CINGSA’s accounting records plus an additional 14,500,000 mscf (14.5 Bcf) of native gas associated with the isolated reservoir, which reflects the lower end of the estimated range associated with the found native gas. Figure 4 is a plot of the average bottom hole pressure adjusted for compressibility (BHP/Z) versus gas-in-place during each of the past ten shut-in pressure tests compared to the original discovery pressure conditions. Linear regression analysis of these same CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 9 data points since the commencement of storage operations indicate there is a strong and consistent linear correlation between reservoir pressure and inventory (gas-in-place); the regression coefficient (R2) is 0.965. In other words, since commencing storage operations in April 2012, the reservoir pressure versus inventory relationship has exhibited a very consistent and repeatable pattern. Note, the observed BHP/Z values for all shut-in periods in Figure 4 plot above the original pressure-depletion line. The reason for this is that there has been no adjustment to total inventory in this plot to account for volume of “found” gas encountered by the CLU S-1 well. 2022-2023 Withdrawal Operations and April 2023 Shut-in Pressure Test After the fall shut-in test, CINGSA’s customers began withdrawals for the remainder of September and October, albeit at low rates. November and December activity consisted of only modest withdrawals of 702 mmcf and 423 mmcf, respectively. January customer activity resulted in net injections of nearly 660 mmcf, which was followed by modest withdrawals in February and March of 423 mmcf and 655 mmcf, respectively. Withdrawal volume was down dramatically this season relative to all prior seasons. Field Operations reported that approximately 580 barrels of water were produced during the withdrawal season. The field was shut-in for pressure stabilization and monitoring on the morning of April 10th and remained shut-in until the morning of April 17. Total inventory on April 10 was 15,171,311 Mcf, which included 8,171,311 Mcf of customer working gas and 7,000,000 Mcf of CINGSA-owned base gas. Table 3 lists the wellhead shut-in pressure for all five wells each day during the shut-in period. It also lists the day-to-day change in pressure and the overall weighted average field pressure. On the final day of shut-in, wellhead pressures ranged from a high of 1,507 psig on CLU S-5 to a low of 1,456 psig on CLU S-1. Field average pressure had not stabilized but was increasing at a rate of about 0.9 psi/day on the final day of shut in. Figure 3 is a plot of the shut-in wellhead pressure of each of the five wells and the overall field weighted average wellhead pressure. The overall field average wellhead pressure on April 17th was 1,481.3 psig and the average reservoir pressure was 1,679.7 psia. Table 4 provides a summary of the surface and reservoir pressure conditions and the total gas-in-place at the time the reservoir was discovered. It also lists the same data for the 22 shut-in periods since commencement of storage operations. Lastly, it lists the gas specific gravity, the percentage of nitrogen and carbon dioxide contained in the storage gas, reservoir datum depth, and reservoir temperature. Figure 4 is a plot of the average bottom hole pressure adjusted for compressibility (BHP/Z) versus gas-in-place for each of the 22 shut-in pressure tests as compared to the original discovery pressure conditions. Linear regression analysis of these 22 data points indicates there is a strong linear correlation between the points; the regression coefficient CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 10 (R2) is 0.965. Thus, like Figure 1, Figure 4 strongly supports the conclusion that reservoir integrity is intact. The key point to note is that the observed BHP/Z values for all 22 of the shut-in tests since commencement of storage operations are above the original pressure-depletion line, which provides very compelling evidence that integrity is intact, and the reservoir and wells are not losing gas. Figure 5 is a plot of this very same shut-in data but includes an additional 14.5 Bcf of native gas (low end of the range estimate) associated with the isolated reservoir. In this plot, the Sterling C Pool and the isolated reservoir are treated as a single common reservoir which together contained a total of approximately 41 Bcf of gas prior to their discovery (26.5 Bcf in the main reservoir and 14.5 Bcf in the isolated reservoir). A linear regression analysis of the 22 shut-in points, and assuming the isolated reservoir was at native pressure conditions at the time the CLU S-1 well was completed, yields a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.956. The strong linear correlation between the shut-in reservoir pressure and total inventory for the two combined reservoirs since the commencement of storage operations provides compelling evidence that there has been no material loss of gas from the reservoir. It also supports the current estimate of additional native gas associated with the isolated reservoir. Thus, Figures 4 and 5 strongly support the conclusion that reservoir integrity is intact, and that there is no evidence of a material loss of storage gas from the storage facility. Estimate of Additional Native Gas Volume As explained in prior annual reports, CINGSA encountered an isolated reservoir of native gas which was possibly still at native discovery pressure when CLU S-1 was initially perforated/completed. Wellhead pressure on the CLU S-1 well rose to approximately 1,600 psi within a few days after completion, while wellhead pressure on the remaining four wells was approximately 400 psi, which was in line with expectations. The C1c sand interval is one of five recognized sand intervals that are common to nearly all the wells that penetrate the Cannery Loop Sterling C Pool. This sand interval was also one of the perforated/completed intervals in the CLU-6 well – the sole producing well during primary depletion of the Cannery Loop Sterling C Pool. Following initial perforation/completion, a temperature log was subsequently run in CLU S-1 to identify the nature and source of the higher pressure. The temperature log exhibited strong evidence of gas influx from the sand interval which correlates to the Sterling C1c sand interval. The higher-than-expected shut-in pressure and evidence of gas influx strongly suggest the C1c was indeed physically isolated from the other four sand sub- intervals within the Sterling C Pool. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 11 It is unknown whether the C1c sand interval was at native pressure (2200 psi) at the time CLU S-1 was completed, or if it had been only partially depleted. If fully isolated from the pressure-depleted section of the reservoir, completion of the C1c effectively adds to the remaining native gas in the reservoir. This additional gas also accounts for the weighted average reservoir pressure during each of the 22 field-wide shut-in pressure tests plotting above the original BHP/Z versus gas-in-place line. This previously isolated pocket of native gas provides pressure support to the storage operation and effectively functions as additional base gas. Two independent methods are being used by CINGSA to estimate the volume of incremental native gas encountered by the CLU S-1 well. The first method is based on a material balance analysis which was performed using the shut-in reservoir pressure data gathered during each of the past semi-annual shut-in tests, including the most recent in September 2022, and April 2023, together with observed shut-in pressures from CLU S- 3 to estimate the magnitude of additional native gas encountered in the C1c sand interval of CLU S-1. The approach used to analyze this data was to treat the originally defined reservoir and the previously isolated C1c sand interval as two separate reservoirs that became connected during perforation/completion work on the CLU S-1 well. A simultaneous material balance calculation on each reservoir was made in which hydraulic communication was established between the two reservoirs because of completion of CLU S-1 in late January 2012. Gas could migrate between the reservoirs. The connection between the reservoirs was computed by defining a transfer coefficient which, when multiplied by the difference of pressure-squared between the two reservoirs, results in an estimated gas transfer rate. In other words, as storage gas is injected and withdrawn from the original reservoir it is supplemented by gas moving from or to the C1c interval of the “found” reservoir according to the pressures computed in each reservoir at any given time. The volume of gas contained in the original reservoir was well defined from the primary production data; initial gas-in-place was determined to be 26.5 Bcf. The volume of gas associated with the C1c sand interval in CLU S-1 and the transfer coefficient was varied to match the observed pressure history using a day-by-day dual reservoir material balance calculation. Figure 6 summarizes the results of the material balance procedure for the C1c sand interval assuming the “found” reservoir contained 14.5 Bcf of original gas-in-place at initial reservoir pressure conditions. It is a graph which illustrates how the simulated bottom hole pressure from the model (Calc BHP) compares to both the calculated bottom hole pressure on the CLU S-3 well and the weighted average field pressure during the CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 12 semi-annual field shut-ins. During most of the shut-in periods, the difference between the simulated bottom hole pressure and the calculated bottom hole pressure of CLU S-3 is between 50-70 psi (again under the assumption of 14.5 Bcf of “found” gas). Figure 7 illustrates the model-simulated daily gas transfer rate between the main reservoir and the isolated reservoir and the estimated cumulative net transfer of gas since commencing storage operations. The initial transfer rate was 43 mmscf/d. Thereafter the transfer rate has been a function of the pressure difference between the two reservoirs. Various combinations of C1c sand gas volume and transfer coefficients were explored. A range of C1c sand gas volumes from 14 Bcf to 16 Bcf gave reasonable solutions and can be considered a reasonable range of uncertainty. Given the relative match between observed shut-in reservoir pressure data on CLUS-3, the semi-annual field average shut- in reservoir pressure, and the reservoir pressure predicted by the dual reservoir model, the value of 14.5 Bcf appears to be a reasonable estimate at this time. As additional data is obtained, particularly after a significant withdrawal season, this value may be more confidently determined. The second method used by CINGSA to estimate the volume of incremental native gas encountered by CLU S-1 is a three-dimensional computer reservoir simulation model. The initial modeling effort utilized an existing reservoir description/geologic model which was updated in 2014 after the drilling and completion of the five injection/withdrawal wells. It incorporated all available well control data and petrophysical data from electric line well logs, and seismic data that was used to characterize channel boundaries and differentiate possible reservoir versus non-reservoir rock. This simulation work yielded an initial estimate of 18 Bcf of gas associated with the isolated reservoir, or about 2-3.5 Bcf larger than the dual reservoir model. The 2014 modeling work was updated in 2016 and again in 2017 and 2019. The updated reservoir/geologic model incorporates the results of a more sophisticated seismic analysis which provided insight into the areal extent of the isolated reservoir that was contacted by the CLU S-1. The match between observed pressure and production data versus that computed by the reservoir model was generally within 50-100 psi (which is considered good-very good) on wells CLU S-1, CLU S-2, CLU S-3 and S-4 over most of the operating history of these wells. The agreement between observed versus computed pressure and production was not as good on CLU S-5 (generally ranging between 100- 150 psi). The estimated volume of incremental gas associated with the isolated reservoir that yielded the best history match was 19.5 Bcf in the 2019 update of the simulation model. This estimate is some 3.5 Bcf greater than the highest estimate using the dual reservoir model. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 13 In comparing the results of the two modeling methods discussed above, there is relatively good agreement between the two, with the range of “found gas” falling between 14-19.5 Bcf. This difference is relatively small, particularly considering the full working gas inventory has never been cycled since placing the reservoir into storage service and the limited extent of the isolated reservoir that is in contact with the CLUS-1 well. With greater cycling of the working gas capacity, it is possible that the difference in the estimated additional native gas derived using the two different modeling methods may narrow. However, the 14.5 Bcf estimate associated with the dual reservoir material balance analysis was used once again in this year’s assessment. Measurement Calibration Checks The CINGSA facility operates with two custody transfer meters, one of which is connected to the “CINGSA lateral” and the other to the KNPL pipeline. The Measurement Department performs monthly calibration checks on both meters to confirm they are performing within the manufacturer’s specifications. If a loss of calibration were to occur resulting in a measurement error impacting storage inventory, Measurement would alert Operations and Gas Accounting and an adjustment to the storage inventory would be posted to correct the measurement error. A downward adjustment to inventory of 33 mcf was made in April 2022. No other adjustments to storage inventory were required during the period April 2022 – April 2023. Compressor fuel and station usage along with station blowdowns, and other losses (LAUF) are accounted for each month and inventory is adjusted, accordingly. Monthly fuel usage from April 2022-April 2023 averaged approximately 2.1 percent of the injected volume; that represents a significant increase from historical averages which have ranged from 1.5-1.7 percent. Storage inventory and field pressure remained higher during the past 12 months than at any point in the history of the storage operation. The increase in the percentage of fuel use is, thus, understandable, and very likely due entirely to an increase in horsepower utilization to overcome higher field pressure during injections over the past 12 months. Lost and unaccounted for (LAUF) volume during this same period averaged 0.06 percent of throughput volume, which is consistent with historical data. Table 1 provides a summary of the monthly injection/withdrawal volumes, compressor/station fuel usage, and losses since the commencement of storage operations. Annulus Pressure Monitoring Each of the CINGSA wells were constructed to the highest of industry and regulatory standards, including installing tubing set on a packer inside of the production casing. All flow is through the tubing string. This configuration (flow through tubing set on a packer) satisfies international well construction standards listed in ISO 16530 and is consistent with the “double barrier” requirements for flow containment. This configuration meets CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 14 the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission’s storage well construction requirements and exceeds the new PHMSA gas storage well construction requirements. It provides two complete layers of protection against gas loss/leakage from the wellbore. By monitoring pressure in the annulus between the production tubing and intermediate casing, it is possible to identify a loss of tubing integrity which, if left unchecked, could potentially result in a loss of storage gas. Prior to CINGSA commencing storage operations, all the Marathon Alaska Production Company (now Hilcorp Alaska LLC) wells that penetrate the Sterling C Gas Storage Pool were subjected to AOGCC-mandated Mechanical Integrity Tests (MIT), and all the wells successfully demonstrated integrity. Shortly after commencing storage operations, all the CINGSA wells were also subjected to MITs, and they likewise demonstrated integrity. All five of the CINGSA wells were retested in 2016 and 2020, and all five wells passed the MIT. Hilcorp’s wells which penetrate the Cannery Loop Sterling C gas storage reservoir are subject to the same periodic MIT’s and are on the same cycle as CINGSA’s storage wells. On wells CLU S-1 – CLU S-4 CINGSA monitors and records pressure on both the tubing/intermediate casing string annulus (7” x 9 5/8”) and intermediate/surface casing string annulus (9 5/8” x 13 3/8”) to identify any evidence of loss of well or reservoir integrity. The same is true for CLU S-5 except that the annular space of the inner string is 3 ½” x 9 5/8”. In addition, Hilcorp monitors and records pressure monthly on each of the annular spaces of its production wells which penetrate the Sterling C. Hilcorp also monitors and records pressure on the tubing string in certain wells monthly. Hilcorp provides a copy of this data to CINGSA each month and CINGSA reviews the data for any evidence of a loss of well/reservoir integrity, in the same manner as it does for its own wells. All these annulus pressure readings are submitted monthly to the AOGCC and are part of routine and ongoing surveillance activities to identify issues which may indicate a loss of integrity of the storage operation. Figures 8-12 illustrate the historical tubing and annulus pressures on each of the CINGSA gas storage wells. Inner annulus pressure (and to a much lesser extent the outer annulus pressure) on all the CINGSA storage wells rises and falls with the tubing pressure, albeit at a lower level. The inner annulus (7” x 9 5/8” for wells 1-4 and 3 ½” x 9 5/8” for well 5)) is filled with brine and diesel, while the outer annulus (9/58” x 13 3/8”) is filled with cement, to surface. Thus, a more pronounced pressure swing is observed on the inner annulus than the outer. In both cases, the pressure swing appears to be due entirely to expansion of the tubing string which results from higher pressure and higher injection gas temperature when injections are occurring. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 15 Any annulus pressure which equals the tubing pressure and tracks with changes in the tubing pressure may be indicative of a loss of tubing and/or tubing seal integrity and warrants investigation. Observed annulus pressure on each of the five CINGSA wells has always been less than the tubing pressure. This observation supports the conclusion that tubing, tubing wellhead seal, and the tubing/packer element seals remain intact and there is no evidence of a loss of integrity in any of the five CINGSA wells. Figures 13-26 illustrate similar data on each of the Hilcorp wells that penetrate the Sterling C gas storage pool. Hilcorp drilled and completed a new well in 2020 to the deeper Beluga formation—the CLU-15 well—and monthly monitoring of the annulus pressure of this well is now included in the overall annulus pressure program. All the current annulus and tubing pressure readings on the Hilcorp wells are low (below 200 psi) and do not track the CINGSA well tubing pressure trends. This supports the conclusion that the remaining Hilcorp wells are isolated from the storage interval and do not exhibit any evidence of a loss of storage integrity. Pressure on the 3 ½ inch x 9 5/8-inch annulus on the CLU-05RD2 well began rising in early 2016 and reached a high of almost 850 psig before flattening out (see Figure 16). The 9 5/8-inch x 13 3/8-inch (outer) annulus currently exhibits a pressure of about 15 psig. The 9 5/8-inch string penetrates the storage zone and was originally cemented off across the storage interval. However, this well was side-tracked in late 2015. An 8 1/2- inch window was milled through the 9 5/8-inch casing at 6527 feet measured depth (5354’ true vertical depth), which is just below the storage interval in the Beluga formation. A 7 5/8-inch liner was set on a liner top packer inside of the 9 5/8-inch string at a depth of 6433 measured depth; it was run through the window to a measured depth of 10448 feet and was cemented in place as the new intermediate casing string. A 4 ½ inch liner was set and cemented in the Tyonek at a measured depth of 12915 feet. A cement bond log was run on the 7 5/8-inch liner, but it was not possible to determine the top of cement behind the 7 5/8-inch string from the log data. CINGSA contacted Hilcorp in May 2018 to understand the source of the pressure on the 3 ½ x 9 5/8-inch annulus, and to determine whether the elevated pressure could be indicative of pressure communication with its storage operations. Hilcorp agreed to investigate the issue and attempt to blow down pressure on the 3 x 9 annulus of the CLU- 05RD well. When the blow down attempt was made the annulus was found to be filled to the surface with liquid – no gas was present. Pressure on the 3 x 9-inch annulus was approximately 200 psi during the September 2022 CINGSA shut-in test, but has since declined to approximately 100 psig as of March 1 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 16 Based on a thorough review of the annular pressure data for all wells which penetrate the storage formation, there is no evidence of a loss of integrity of any of the CINGSA injection/withdrawal wells. This data lends additional support to the conclusion that reservoir and well integrity is intact, and all the storage gas remains within the reservoir and is thus accounted for. Third Party Production A review of historical production data from 14 third party wells which penetrate the Sterling C Pool was completed to examine for evidence of pressure and/or flow communication from CINGSA’s storage operations. As of March 1, only seven of the fourteen wells remain on production, all of which are operated by Hilcorp; these include CLU-01RD, CLU-05RD2, CLU-08, CLU-09, CLU-10RD, CLU-14, and CLU-15. The other seven are either listed as “suspended”, “shut-in”, or have been plugged and abandoned. Of the seven which remain on production, six are completed in and producing from the Beluga formation, immediately below the Sterling C Storage Pool (although CLU 01RD is dually completed in both the Beluga and the deeper Upper Tyonek). The remaining well is completed in and produced from the deeper Tyonek D formation. The production decline curves for all seven wells are included as Figures 27-37; the producing zone associated with each well is indicated on each of these figures. If any of Hilcorp’s production wells were acting as a conduit for gas leakage from the Sterling C Pool to either the Beluga or Tyonek formations via a poor cement job behind casing or a lack of casing integrity, it is likely that production from the offending well would either increase or remain flat for an extraordinary period. The production decline curves from Hilcorp’s wells do not appear to exhibit such behavior. Thus, none of their wells appear to be serving as a conduit for leakage of storage gas from the storage formation. Based upon a review of the production history of all seven wells there is no evidence at the time this report was prepared which suggests production is being influenced by CINGSA’s gas storage operations. On August 3, 2020, CINGSA and Hilcorp entered into a written agreement which obligates the two entities to share certain information with each other related to well drilling, completion, production, and workover activity for existing and future wells. The data includes, but is not limited to, drilling and rework permit applications, downhole logging data, survey data, and pressure and production data, all as it relates to wells which penetrate the Sterling C Pool. Each party also has an affirmative obligation to report to the other any well condition which may indicate a loss of integrity. The written agreement provides a framework which will help ensure the integrity of each party’s wells/reservoirs while satisfying the requirements of CO231A. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 17 During the past 12-14 months Hilcorp implemented an aggressive rework/recompletion program that involved nine of its wells, all of which penetrate the Sterling C Pool. As part of the written agreement referenced immediately above, Hilcorp provided CINGSA with a copy of their proposed plans for each of these wells. Following is a brief summary of the work performed on each of these wells. CLU 01RD: This well produced from the Upper Tyonek through April, 2021, at which time production ceased. In May 2022, Hilcorp perforated the Lower, Middle, and Upper Beluga in this well. The upper-most perforations are now 167 feet below the base of the Sterling C Pool. CLU 05RD: This well was side-tracked to a new bottomhole location as CLU 05RD2 in September, 2022. The new wellbore was then perforated in the Middle Beluga. The upper-most perforations are now 133 feet below the base of the Sterling C Pool. CLU 7: Hilcorp filed a permit to perforate and stimulate the CLU 7 well in February 2022. The proposed perforation/stimulation interval was the Upper Beluga 1X interval, which is only 56 feet below the base of the Sterling C Pool. CINGSA raised an objection to this proposed plan with Hilcorp and the AOGCC due to the proximity of the perforations to the base of the CINGSA’s gas storage interval. Hilcorp elected to not proceed with this work. CLU 8: Hilcorp performed a coiled-tubing cleanout on CLU 8 in July 2022. No new intervals were perforated. This well had been the subject of attention in prior annual reports because of similar pressures on it and CINGSA’s storage operations. However, production from this well has fallen dramatically in the past two years. Thus, at this time there does not appear to be any hydraulic connection between this well and CINGSA’s storage operation. CLU 9: In May 2022, Hilcorp filed an application with the AOGCC to perforate additional sections of the Lower and Upper Beluga in CLU 9. The proposed upper-most perforation would have been 177 feet below the base of the Sterling C Pool. There is no completion report on file, so it appears that Hilcorp never performed this work; CINGSA should confirm with Hilcorp that is the case. CLU 10: Hilcorp re-entered CLU 10 in December 2022 and side-tracked the well to a new bottomhole location as CLU 10RD. This well was subsequently perforated in the Upper Beluga in February 2023. The upper-most perforations are 250 feet below the base of the Sterling C Pool. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 18 CLU 13: Between November 2022 and February, 2023 Hilcorp added new perforations to this well. They perforated the Upper Beluga 3A interval and the upper-most perforations are now 176 below the base of the Sterling C Pool. CLU 14: In April 2022 Hilcorp added new perforations to the Upper Beluga in the UB3A interval. The upper-most perforations are now 203 feet below the base of the Sterling C Pool. CLU 15: In April 2022 Hilcorp added new perforations to the Upper Beluga in the UB3A interval. The upper-most perforations are now 187 feet below the base of the Sterling C Pool. Rule 3 of AOGCC’s SIO9 Under Rule 3 of SIO 9, CINGSA was required to install and maintain a gas detection and alarm system in the building adjacent to the location of the KU 13-08 plugged and abandoned gas well. It did so in 2012. CINGSA has found compliance with Rule 3 to be problematic. The problems encountered have ranged from third party communication provider issues to a faulty detector, but many callouts are due to no power being supplied to the equipment. CINGSA also believes that several of the faults and the detector failure was due to cycling power to the equipment. CINGSA has responded to Inlet Fish system alarms using the same protocol as the CINGSA facility. Inlet Fish has not accommodated access to their property for afterhours events, deferring to a “more reasonable” meeting time. In many instances when personnel are dispatched to Inlet Fish, access to the panels is obstructed with various equipment that must be moved or worked around. CINGSA personnel have arrived onsite while the alarm was annunciating to find Inlet Fish employees performing their jobs as normal instead of evacuating the buildings. In a letter to the AOGCC dated February 22, 2022, CINGSA requested that the Commission exercise its discretion to administratively waive CINGSA’s compliance with Rule 3. Based on its actions and communication with CINGSA, it appears Inlet Fish’s concerns about its proximity to CINGSA’s operations and the plugged and abandoned well on its property have been alleviated. Despite the number of electrical disconnects, the manpower and incremental cost CINGSA has incurred to respond to false alarms, and its regular inability to access the equipment, CINGSA has been prohibited by Inlet Fish from operating and maintaining the required gas detection equipment. On May 10, 2022, the AOGCC published notice of a tentatively scheduled hearing on whether Rule 3 of SIO 9A should be rescinded. On May 9, 2022, AOGCC sent copies of the public hearing notice to Inlet Fish Producers, Inc. (IFP) and its parent company, E&E CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 19 Foods. No comments were received from members of the public, or Inlet Fish Producers, Inc., and its parent company, E&E Foods. No requests for a public hearing were received. By Order dated June 22, 2022, the AOGCC ruled in part that 1) CINGSA’s application provided sufficient information upon which to make an informed decision on its request, 2) information provided by CINGSA shows gas detection equipment has been installed and maintained as required by SIO 9A, CINGSA made numerous efforts to resolve the issues surrounding operation of the gas detection equipment, 3) both IFP and its parent company E&E received notice of CINGSA’s request to rescind Rule 3 and neither IFP nor E&E provided any input regarding CINGSA’s application or requested a hearing, and 4) there has been no physical evidence provided to AOGCC supporting any claim that KU 13- 8 lacks mechanical integrity and there is no evidence of gas leakage from the well. Accordingly, AOGCC approved CINGSA’s request to administratively amend Storage Injection Order 9A (SIO 9A) to rescind Rule 3. Summary and Conclusion CINGSA commenced storage operations on April 1, 2012, and has now completed 11 full years of storage operations. All the operating data associated with the CINGSA facility indicate that reservoir integrity is intact. The observed pressure vs. inventory trend is consistent with modeling studies of the reservoir prior to placing the facility in service, although wellhead shut-in pressure on CLU S-3 has trended above the stabilized pressure line developed from initial computer modeling studies of the reservoir. The CLU S-5 well was back-pressure tested in September 2022, and CLU S-1, S-2, and S-4 were all tested in April. Results of these tests indicate that peak-day deliverability performance of CLU S-5 is slightly lower (4-5 percent) now that the velocity string is in place, while that of CLU S-1 has been fully restored since cleaning out the well in September 2022. Test results on CLU S-2 indicate no loss of deliverability since it was last tested, , while CLU S-4 may have experienced a modest decline (7-10 percent) since its last test, though it’s possible that water in the wellbore during testing impacted the test results. Overall, it appears that field deliverability is unchanged/stable. Work on the CLU S-5 velocity string was completed in October 2021. An analysis of the flow performance of CLU S-5 during the 2022-2023 withdrawal season confirms the well contributed over 8 percent of the total flow during the season and the second highest total withdrawal volume during that period since commencing storage operations. This represents a significant improvement in the total contribution to field flow and reliability of CLU S-5 relative to its past performance, and more than offsets what is considered a CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 20 very small decline in peak-day withdrawal capability. There is no evidence of a decline in deliverability that may be indicative of a loss of well or reservoir integrity. During initial completion of the CLU S-1 well, an isolated pocket of native gas was encountered within the Sterling C1c sand interval. This gas has since commingled with gas in the main (depleted) portion of the reservoir, effectively adding to the remaining native gas reserves and providing pressure support to the storage operation. This additional gas is functioning as base gas and accounts for the higher-than-expected shut- in wellhead pressure readings on CLU S-3 and the field-wide shut-in pressures observed during each of the eight shut-in periods. Two independent methods have been used to estimate the volume of incremental native gas encountered by CLU S-1. The two methods yield estimates of the volume of this additional native gas which range from 14-19.5 Bcf. CINGSA performs semi-annual shut-in pressure tests on the reservoir and conducts an annual material balance analysis using that shut-in pressure test data. A total of 22 shut- in tests have been performed since commencement of storage operations. The field weighted-average shut-in pressure versus inventory relationship during the 22 semi- annual shut-in pressure tests conducted since converting the field to storage service exhibit a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.965). Thus, the results of these shut-in pressure tests support the conclusion that no loss of gas from the reservoir is occurring, and that all the injected gas remains within the storage reservoir. Annulus pressure readings on all the CINGSA wells demonstrate confinement of storage gas to the reservoir; none of the CINGSA wells exhibits anomalous annular pressure. Annulus pressure readings on each of Hilcorp’s production wells which penetrate the Sterling C Gas Storage Pool also support the conclusion that well mechanical integrity appears to be intact in each of Hilcorp’s wells; there is no evidence of pressure communication between the storage reservoir and Hilcorp’s production wells. CINGSA should continue to monitor the pressure of all the Hilcorp wells for any change in character which may be indicative of a loss of storage integrity. Ongoing production from Hilcorp’s wells which penetrate the gas storage pool but are completed in the Beluga and Tyonek formations which are below the storage formation was evaluated to examine for evidence of production support from CINGSA’s storage operations. Seven wells which penetrate the storage field remain on production. There is no compelling evidence of production support from CINGSA’s operations. Currently, production operations appear to be fully isolated from gas storage operations. During initial storage operations, the CLU S-3 well remained shut-in and wellhead pressure readings from it were routinely recorded and used to track the field pressure versus inventory relationship. This practice ceased in 2014 in favor of utilizing all wells CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 21 for injections/withdrawals. Recently, CINGSA has begun the practice of shutting-in CLU S-2 periodically for several days to again correlate field pressure with inventory. It appears that this well may provide a reasonable indication of average reservoir pressure and CINGSA should continue this process in order to confirm whether the shut-in wellhead pressure on S-2 is indeed a valid proxy for average field pressure. A short field-wide deliverability test was performed during March 2015 at a storage inventory level of approximately 4.6 Bcf. The test results effectively confirmed the field can meet the aggregate MDWQ obligations of CINGSA’s customers at a working gas inventory of approximately 4.6 Bcf. Since that time CINGSA has implemented revised drawdown guidelines to mitigate the potential for wells loading up with sand and/or watering off. The revised drawdown guidelines effectively limit the withdrawal capability of the field relative to its capability under the original drawdown guidelines. CINGSA should consider performing similar field-wide deliverability tests in the future to validate withdrawal system capability. CINGSA has a policy which requires the periodic testing and calibration of its custody transfer measurement system. The policy specifies that a health check be performed monthly for all ultra-sonic measurement systems such as the type installed at the CINGSA facility. Operations personnel confirmed that these monthly tests have been performed routinely. A downward adjustment of 33 mcf was made to the storage balance in April 2022; no other adjustments to meter volumes were necessary during the past 12 months. There is no evidence of any material measurement error based on the results of the material balance analysis. Based upon a thorough review of available operating data, storage reservoir integrity remains intact. Although the reservoir may now be effectively larger than expected due to encountering additional native gas in the Sterling C1c interval of the CLU S-1 well, all the injected gas remains with the greater reservoir and is accounted for at this time. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 22 Table 1 – Monthly Injection and Withdrawal Activity CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 23 Month Injections - Mcf Withdrawals - Mcf Compressor Fuel & Losses -Mcf Total Gas in Storage - Mcf Mar-12 0 0 0 3,556,165 Apr-12 146,132 394 2,289 3,699,614 May-12 1,238,733 1,163 11,540 4,925,644 Jun-12 1,245,041 1,048 16,769 6,152,868 Jul-12 986,472 714 12,529 7,126,097 Aug-12 1,245,260 93 14,038 8,357,226 Sep-12 1,300,153 982 13,221 9,643,176 Oct-12 1,624,167 691 15,285 11,251,367 Nov-12 165,866 72,417 4,895 11,339,921 Dec-12 379,205 470,886 5,839 11,242,401 Jan-13 496,560 209,334 7,976 11,521,651 Feb-13 1,765,296 858 19,372 13,266,717 Mar-13 667,603 554,597 7,594 13,372,129 Apr-13 438,717 254,734 6,315 13,549,797 May-13 509,694 12,769 7,680 14,039,042 Jun-13 615,458 1,274 11,185 14,642,041 Jul-13 468,599 822 12,118 15,097,700 Aug-13 499,748 3,392 11,766 15,582,290 Sep-13 306,323 16,743 9,074 15,862,796 Oct-13 530,289 27,585 10,287 16,355,213 Nov-13 9,608 902,874 214 15,461,733 Dec-13 5 1,156,534 61 14,305,143 Jan-14 261,325 127,655 7,352 14,431,461 Feb-14 4,143 517,884 534 13,917,186 Mar-14 1 766,800 - 13,150,387 Apr-14 97,548 190,563 3,671 13,053,701 May-14 64,435 388,647 1,597 12,727,892 Jun-14 509,445 502,790 7,444 12,727,103 Jul-14 687,386 108,786 11,165 13,294,538 Aug-24 728,130 219 12,423 14,010,026 Sep-24 537,858 4,705 11,712 14,531,467 Oct-14 155,673 189,157 4,477 14,493,506 Nov-14 66,645 291,368 2,126 14,266,657 Dec-14 32,716 380,170 1,897 13,917,306 Jan-15 - 1,104,457 76 12,812,773 Feb-15 - 971,590 288 11,840,895 Mar-15 11,253 719,045 855 11,132,248 Apr-15 99,648 106,458 3,242 11,122,196 May-15 416,773 4,772 10,000 11,524,197 Jun-15 460,797 2,811 9,972 11,972,211 Jul-15 805,820 403 12,120 12,765,508 Aug-15 817,781 527 12,521 13,570,241 Sep-15 590,046 179 12,001 14,148,107 Oct-15 532,624 13,990 11,159 14,655,582 Nov-15 286,336 283,937 5,958 14,652,023 Dec-15 267,908 210,747 5,989 14,703,195 Jan-16 192,325 235,414 5,523 14,654,583 Feb-16 242,504 167,856 5,852 14,723,379 Mar-16 193,549 165,556 3,621 14,747,751 Apr-16 887,796 12,785 9,970 15,612,792 May-16 807,600 66,640 9,628 16,344,124 Jun-16 815,655 499,321 9,553 16,650,905 Jul-16 356,887 136,370 7,744 16,863,678 Aug-16 442,736 134,541 9,013 17,162,860 Sep-16 310,570 351,469 4,015 17,117,946 Oct-16 4,550 454,156 777 16,667,563 Nov-16 189,606 544,376 633 16,312,160 Dec-16 173,058 849,832 3,891 15,631,495 Jan-17 106,318 1,641,030 1,766 14,095,017 Feb-17 63,362 1,043,257 531 13,114,591 Mar-17 107,373 1,270,218 477 11,951,269 Apr-17 261,104 423,606 3,754 11,785,013 May-17 668,488 59,640 8,760 12,385,101 Cook Inlet Natural Gas Storage Alaska Storage Monthly Storage Activity (all volumes reported are at month end unless noted otherwise) CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 24 Month Injections - Mcf Withdrawals - Mcf Compressor Fuel &Losses Total Gas in Storage - Mcf Cook Inlet Natural Gas Storage Alaska Storage Monthly Storage Activity (all volumes reported are at month end unless noted otherwise) Jun-17 907,436 28,511 10,091 13,253,935 Jul-17 966,690 32,446 10,986 14,177,193 Aug-17 1,115,740 10,710 12,360 15,269,863 Sep-17 331,812 82,700 6,863 15,512,112 Oct-17 225,352 348,377 4,436 15,384,651 Nov-17 193,092 578,271 4,467 14,995,005 Dec-17 457,089 435,777 6,239 15,010,078 Jan-18 89,990 1,012,254 2,006 14,085,808 Feb-18 193,987 857,195 2,935 13,419,665 Mar-18 452,229 234,220 6,758 13,630,916 Apr-18 191,077 392,365 3,365 13,426,263 May-18 161,360 471,695 1,756 13,114,172 Jun-18 819,837 110,434 10,077 13,813,498 Jul-18 919,858 57,356 10,987 14,665,013 Aug-18 949,984 65,379 12,216 15,537,402 Sep-18 614,287 62,221 10,945 16,078,523 Oct-18 698,059 375,131 9,307 16,392,144 Nov-18 677,199 181,701 11,733 16,875,909 Dec-18 321,282 484,572 5,862 16,706,757 Jan-19 65,794 1,644,880 922 15,126,749 Feb-19 143 1,401,125 87 13,725,680 Mar-19 359,739 331,718 5,094 13,748,607 Apr-19 251,075 585,698 5,985 13,407,999 May-19 179,824 234,173 4,405 13,349,245 Jun-19 664,084 90,483 9,957 13,912,889 Jul-19 927,816 120,912 11,955 14,707,838 Aug-19 622,444 88,095 10,849 15,231,338 Sep-19 284,486 262,203 6,568 15,247,053 Oct-19 391,582 514,064 7,921 15,116,650 Nov-19 466,551 409,699 8,517 15,164,985 Dec-19 687,453 500,799 10,257 15,341,382 Jan-20 33,175 1,937,845 787 13,435,925 Feb-20 215,774 1,030,021 2,675 12,619,003 Mar-20 203,541 858,156 3,102 11,961,286 Apr-20 202,521 497,341 4,699 11,661,767 May-20 338,538 170,141 6,793 11,823,371 Jun-20 1,193,238 58,213 10,952 12,947,444 Jul-20 1,356,896 82,724 14,766 14,206,850 Aug-20 1,561,784 15,287 21,585 15,731,762 Sep-20 587,912 15,493 9,260 16,294,921 Oct-20 367,037 363,622 7,488 16,290,848 Nov-20 182,989 660,824 4,962 15,808,051 Dec-20 558,901 327,351 9,271 16,030,330 Jan-21 381,681 595,917 6,988 15,809,106 Feb-21 270,840 633,374 4,477 15,442,095 Mar-21 32,319 816,414 1,088 14,656,912 Apr-21 250,078 958,308 6,120 13,942,562 May-21 591,683 61,728 10,883 14,461,634 Jun-21 981,660 44,752 12,306 15,386,236 Jul-21 1,017,570 113,951 13,012 16,276,843 Aug-21 740,130 196,225 12,510 16,808,238 Sep-21 346,001 389,600 7,205 16,757,434 Oct-21 62,726 541,078 2,581 16,276,501 Nov-21 271,271 1,414,990 3,061 15,129,721 Dec-21 355,444 787,346 4,747 14,693,072 Jan-22 267,601 1,066,583 3,553 13,890,537 Feb-22 456,020 485,243 6,729 13,854,585 Mar-22 291,686 362,218 5,283 13,778,770 Apr-22 143,328 245,781 4,490 13,671,827 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 25 Month Injections - Mcf Withdrawals - Mcf Compressor Fuel & Losses -Mcf Total Gas in Storage - Mcf May-22 802,773 138,598 11,483 14,324,519 Jun-22 1,326,806 24,269 14,643 15,612,413 Jul-22 1,322,577 31,570 17,348 16,866,072 Aug-22 770,367 46,860 12,367 17,597,212 Sep-22 241,173 206,027 7,890 17,624,469 Oct-22 196,753 520,661 5,421 17,295,139 Nov-22 145,814 843,846 3,982 16,593,124 Dec-22 347,410 764,252 6,364 16,169,918 Jan-23 817,233 148,539 11,592 16,827,020 Feb-23 136,157 555,430 3,828 16,403,919 Mar-23 69,886 722,788 2,918 15,748,099 Apr-23 27,738 1,324,864 1,227 14,449,747 Cook Inlet Natural Gas Storage Alaska Storage Monthly Storage Activity (all volumes reported are at month end unless noted otherwise) Total Inventory as of the start of the April 10, 2023 shut-in was 15,171,311 Mcf. CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 26 Table 2 – September 2022 Wellhead Shut-in Pressure Data Table 3 – April 2023 Wellhead Shut-in Pressure Data Well Name Weight Factor* (Storage Pore-feet = (Por.*net MD*(1-Sw))9/13/2022 9/14/2022 9/15/2022 9/16/2022 9/17/2022 9/18/2022 9/19/2022 CLU S-1 70.235 1692.7 1703.7 1710.1 1713.0 1711.7 1710.9 1710.9 CLU S-2 47.696 1731.8 1731.0 1730.8 1729.2 1728.6 1727.3 1727.8 CLU S-3 24.024 1700.5 1697.8 1695.7 1694.1 1692.8 1691.7 1690.9 CLU S-4 97.011 1724.6 1721.5 1719.8 1717.3 1714.9 1713.3 1711.8 CLU S-5 93.155 1713.3 1710.1 1707.1 1704.5 1702.9 1701.3 1700.5 332.121 Weighted Avg. WHP (WAP)1714.0 1714.2 1714.0 1712.8 1711.2 1709.9 1709.2 Day 2 vs. Day 1 Day 3 vs. Day 2 Day 4 vs. Day 3 Day 5 vs. Day 4 Day 6 vs. Day 5 Day 7 vs. Day 6 WAP Change 0.2 -0.17 -1.19 -1.60 -1.35 -0.65 Well Name Day 2 vs. Day 1 Day 3 vs. Day 2 Day 4 vs. Day 3 Day 5 vs. Day 4 Day 6 vs. Day 5 Day 7 vs. Day 6 CLU S-1 11.0 6.4 2.9 -1.3 -0.8 0 CLU S-2 -0.8 -0.2 -1.6 -0.6 -1.3 0.5 CLU S-3 -2.7 -2.1 -1.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 CLU S-4 -3.1 -1.7 -2.5 -2.4 -1.6 -1.5 CLU S-5 -3.2 -3.0 -2.6 -1.6 -1.6 -0.8 Wellhead Shut-in Pressures (psig) and Dates NOTE: Red text reflects estimated wellhead pressure due to standing fluid in the wellbore immediately afer the cleanout of the well. Readings in black text are from pressure transmitter readings obtained from the tree cap, upstream of the choke. Weighted Average Pressure (Day-to-Day Change) Individual Well Pressure (Day-to-Day Change) Weight Factor* - based on Ray Eastwood Log Model Well Name Weight Factor* (Storage Pore-feet = (Por.*net MD*(1-Sw))4/11/2023 4/12/2023 4/13/2023 4/14/2023 4/15/2023 4/16/2023 4/17/2023 CLU S-1 70.235 1424 1435 1441 1446 1450 1453 1456 CLU S-2 47.696 1436 1447 1453 1457 1460 1463 1465 CLU S-3 24.024 1490 1494 1496 1498 1500 1501 1501 CLU S-4 97.011 1464 1482 1490 1484 1479 1478 1478 CLU S-5 93.155 1504 1505 1506 1506 1507 1507 1507 332.121 Weighted Avg. WHP (WAP)1465 1474 1479 1479 1480 1480 1481 Day 2 vs. Day 1 Day 3 vs. Day 2 Day 4 vs. Day 3 Day 5 vs. Day 4 Day 6 vs. Day 5 Day 7 vs. Day 6 WAP Change 9.7 4.9 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.9 Well Name Day 2 vs. Day 1 Day 3 vs. Day 2 Day 4 vs. Day 3 Day 5 vs. Day 4 Day 6 vs. Day 5 Day 7 vs. Day 6 CLU S-1 11.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 CLU S-2 11.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 CLU S-3 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 CLU S-4 18.0 8.0 -6.0 -5.0 -1.0 0.0 CLU S-5 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Wellhead Shut-in Pressures (psig) and Dates NOTE: Any red text reflects estimated wellhead pressure reading due to well being out of service. Readings in black text are from pressure transmitter readings obtained from the tree cap, upstream of the choke. Weighted Average Pressure (Day-to-Day Change) Individual Well Pressure (Day-to-Day Change) Weight Factor* - based on Ray Eastwood Log Model CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 27 Table 4 – Shut-in Reservoir Pressure History and Gas-in-Place Summary Wellhead Pressure - psig.Bottom Hole Pressure - psia Z - Factor BHP/Z - psia Total Gas-in Place - mmscf Date 0 0 10/28/2000 1950 2206 0.8465 2606 26,500 Date Weighted Avg. Wellhead Pressure - psig. Calculated Bottom Hole Pressure - psia Z - Factor BHP/Z - psia Total Gas-in Place - mmscf 11/8/2012 1269.9 1434.9 0.8719 1645.7 11,223.715 4/15/2013 1344.4 1522.35 0.8668 1756.3 13,106.887 11/4/2013 1580.7 1798.1 0.8508 2113.4 16,339.046 4/8/2014 1320.6 1497.7 0.8662 1729.0 13,147.315 10/31/2014 1465.1 1662.3 0.858 1937.4 14,493.502 4/8/2015 1159.6 1315.8 0.877 1500.3 11,123.289 11/8/2015 1499.4 1701.4 0.856 1987.6 14,668.761 3/27/2016 1473.3 1671.6 0.857 1950.5 14,634.101 10/30/2016 1582.4 1792.2 0.853 2100.0 16,667.452 4/10/2017 1212.0 1371.9 0.875 1567.9 11,908.476 10/9/2017 1559.8 1766.5 0.855 2067.3 15,523.158 5/8/2018 1376.1 1557.8 0.864 1803.6 13,424.899 10/8/2018 1621.9 1837.1 0.8517 2157.0 16,081.391 4/22/2019 1370.2 1551.1 0.8647 1793.8 13,587.409 10/28/2019 1499.6 1698.9 0.854 1989.3 15,000.096 4/13/2020 1225.6 1390.2 0.872 1595.0 11,822.427 9/8/2020 1617.1 1814.9 0.852 2130.2 15,743.463 4/19/2021 1383.0 1565.6 0.864 1812.0 13,877.999 9/20/2021 1672.0 1894.0 0.850 2228.2 17,042.781 4/18/2022 1387.6 1570.8 0.864 1818.7 13,667.164 9/19/2022 1709.2 1936.3 0.848 2283.4 17,714.717 4/17/2023 1481.3 1679.7 0.856 1963.2 15,171.311 Gas Gravity:0.56 N2 Conc.:0.3% CO2 Conc.:0.3% Reservoir Temp. (deg. F):105 Datum Depth TVD (ft.):4950 Avg. Measured Depth (ft.):9706 Shut-in Reservoir Pressure History and Gas-in-Place Summary - (No Adjustment for Additional Native Gas) Original (Discovery) Reservoir Conditions Storage Operating Conditions CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 28 Table 5– Shut-in Reservoir Pressure History and Gas-in-Place Summary (Adjusted Inventory) Wellhead Pressure - psig.Bottom Hole Pressure - psia Z - Factor BHP/Z - psia Initial Total Gas-in Place - MMcf Date 0 0 10/28/2000 1950 2206 0.8465 2606 41,000 Adjusted Total Gas-in Place - Est. 14.5 Bcf Found Gas 0 0 10/28/2000 1950 2206 0.8465 2606 41,000.000 11/8/2012 1269.9 1434.9 0.8719 1645.7 25,723.715 4/15/2013 1344.4 1522.35 0.8668 1756.3 27,606.887 11/4/2013 1580.7 1798.1 0.8508 2113.4 30,839.046 4/8/2014 1320.6 1497.7 0.8662 1729.0 27,647.315 10/31/2014 1465.1 1662.3 0.858 1937.4 28,993.502 4/8/2015 1159.6 1315.8 0.877 1500.3 25,623.289 11/8/2015 1499.4 1701.4 0.856 1987.6 29,168.761 3/27/2016 1473.3 1671.6 0.857 1950.5 29,134.101 10/30/2016 1582.4 1792.2 0.853 2100.0 31,167.452 4/3/2017 1212.0 1371.9 0.875 1567.9 26,408.476 10/9/2017 1559.8 1766.5 0.855 2067.3 30,123.158 5/8/2018 1376.1 1557.8 0.864 1803.6 27,924.899 10/8/2018 1621.9 1837.1 0.8517 2157.0 30,581.391 4/22/2019 1370.2 1551.1 0.8647 1793.8 28,087.409 10/28/2019 1499.6 1698.9 0.854 1989.3 29,500.096 4/13/2020 1225.6 1390.2 0.872 1595.0 26,322.427 9/8/2020 1617.1 1814.9 0.852 2130.2 30,243.463 4/19/2021 1383.0 1565.6 0.864 1812.0 28,377.999 9/20/2021 1672.0 1894.0 0.850 2228.2 31,542.781 4/18/2022 1387.6 1570.8 0.864 1818.7 28,167.164 9/19/2022 1709.2 1936.3 0.848 2283.4 32,214.717 4/17/2023 1481.3 1679.7 0.856 1963.2 29,671.311 Gas Gravity:0.56 N2 Conc.:0.3% CO2 Conc.:0.3% Reservoir Temp. (deg. F):105 Datum Depth TVD (ft.):4950 Avg. Measured Depth (ft.):9706 Original (Discovery) Reservoir Conditions Shut-in Reservoir Pressure History and Gas-in-Place Summary - (Adjusted to Account for Additional Native Gas) CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 29 Figure 1 – CLU S-2 and S-3 Wellhead Pressure versus Inventory CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 30 Figure 2 – October 2022 Wellhead Shut-in Pressures Figure 3– April 2023 Wellhead Shut-in Pressures CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 31 Figure 4 – Material Balance Plot (Unadjusted) CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 32 Figure 5 – Material Balance Plot (Adjusted) CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 33 Figure 6 - Historical and Computed Pressures vs. Rate CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 34 Figure 7 - Estimated Gas Transfer to/from Original Reservoir CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 35 Figure 8 – Annulus Pressure of CLU Storage – 1 Figure 9 – Annulus Pressure of CLU Storage – 2 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 36 Figure 10 – Annulus Pressure of CLU Storage – 3 Figure 11 – Annulus Pressure of CLU Storage – 4 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 37 Figure 12 – Annulus Pressure of CLU Storage – 5 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 38 Figure 13 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 1RD Figure 14 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 3 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 39 Figure 15 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 4 Figure 16 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 05RD CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 40 Figure 17 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 6 Figure 18 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 7 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 41 Future 19 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 8 Figure 20 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 9 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 42 Figure 21 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 10 Figure 22 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 11 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 43 Figure 23 – Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 12 Figure 24– Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 13 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 44 Figure 25– Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 14 Figure 26– Annulus Pressure of Marathon CLU 15 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 45 Figure 27 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 01RD Beluga Figure 28 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 01RD Upper Tyonek CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 46 Figure 29 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 05RD Upper Tyonek Figure 30 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 05RD2 Tyonek D Gas CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 47 Figure 31 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 7 Beluga Figure 32 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 8 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 48 Figure 33 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 9 Figure 34 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 10RD CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 49 Figure 35 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 13 Figure 36 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 14 CINGSA Material Balance Report to the AOGCC May 15, 2022 Page 50 Figure 37 – Historical Monthly Production CLU – 15