Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development
Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission
HOME
EVENTS
DATA
Data List
Drilling
Production
Orders
Data Miner
Document Search
REPORTS
Reports and Charts
Pool Statistics
FORMS
LINKS
Links
Test Notification
Data Requests
Regulations
Industry Guidance Bulletins
How to Apply
ABOUT US
History
Staff
HELP
Loading...
The URL can be used to link to this page
Your browser does not support the video tag.
Home
My WebLink
About
100-209
STATE OF ALASKA AL&A OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COASION WELL COMPLETION OR RECOMPLETION REPORT AND LOG 1a. Well Status: Oil ❑ Gas ❑ SPLUG ❑ Other ❑ Abandoned ❑✓ - Suspended ❑ 20AAc 25.105 20AAC 25,110 GINJ ❑ WINJ ❑ WAG ❑ WDSPL ❑ No. of Completions: 1b. Well Class- Development Exploratory CJ Service ❑ Stratigraphic Test ❑ 2. Operator Name: BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 5. Date Comp.. Susp.._or Aband.: \ 3/25/2015 12 Permit to Drill Number: — -100-2090 3 /3 3. Address: 222 W 7th Ave., Suite 13, Anchorage, AK 99513 6. Date Spudded: 6/22/1945 13. API Number: 50-287-10001-00-00 4a. Location of Well (Governmental Section): Surface: 118' FWL, 1,794' FSL, S35 T1 N R2W UM Top of Productive Horizon: 118' FWL, 1,794' FSL, S35 T1N R2W UM Total Depth: 118' FWL, 1,794' FSL, S35 TIN R2W UM 7. Date TD Reached: 10/5/1946 14. Well Name and Number: Umiat Test Well 01 8 KB (ft above MSL): 810 GL (ft above MSL): 801 15 Field/Pool(s): 842000 9. Plug Back Depth(MD+TVD): 14' MD / 14' TVD - 4b. Location of Well (State Base Plane Coordinates, NAD 27): Surface: x- 1,855,518.2' y- 5,631,271.5' Zone- 5 TPI: x- 1,855,518.2' y- 5,631,271.5' Zone- 5 Total Depth: x- 1,855,518.2' y- 5,631,271.5' Zone- 5 10. Total Depth (MD + TVD): 6,005' MD / 6,005' TVD 16. Property Designation AA -081724 11. SSSV Depth (MD + TVD) N/A 17. Land Use Permit: N/A 18. Directional Survey: Yes ❑ No ✓ (Submit electronic and printed information per 20 AAC 25.050) 1 19. Water Depth, if Offshore: N/A (ft MSL) 20 Thickness of Permafrost MD/TVD: 920' MD / 920' TVD 21. Logs Obtained (List all logs here and submit electronic and printed information per 20AAC25.071): N/A 22.Re-drill/Lateral Top Window MD/TVD: N/A 23. CASING, LINER AND CEMENTING RECORD T. PER CASING W FT SETTING DEPTH MD SETTING DEPTH TVD AMOUNT GRADE TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM HOLE SIZE CEMENTING RECORD PULLED 24" Conductor 14' 19' 14' 19' 30" 14 sx Portland Cement 16" Western Slip Casing 14' 97' 14' 97' 20" 110 sx Oil Well HT Cement 11.75" 47 J-55 14' 685' 14' 685' 15.5" 350 sx Victory HT Cement 24. Open to production or injection? Yes ❑ No ❑✓ If Yes, list each interval open (MD+TVD of Top and Bottom; Perforation Size and Number): Open Hole: 685MD / 685' TVD - 6,005' MD / 6,005' TVD nc-DEC E I p E MAY 2 2015 /] 0G A'3 25. TUBING RECORD SIZE DEPTH SET (MD) PACKER SET (MD/TVD) 1" 871' N/A 26. ACID, FRACTURE, CEMENT SQUEEZE, ETC. Was hydraulic fracturing used during completion? Yes No DEPTH INTERVAL (MD) AMOUNT AND KIND OF MATERIAL USED 14' - 300' 35 bbl 11 ppg cement 300'- 600' 35 bbl 11 ppg cement 641' 871' 99 bbl 11 ppg cement 27, PRODUCTION TEST Date First Production: N/A Method of Operation (Flowing, gas lift, etc.): N/A Date of Test: N/A Hours Tested: N/A Production for Test Period Oil -Bbl: N/A Gas -MCF: N/A Water -Bbl: N/A Choke Size: N/A Gas -Oil Ratio: N/A Flow Tubing Press. N/A Casing Press: N/A Calculated 24 -Hour Rate —.* Oil -Bbl: I N/A Gas -MCF: N/A Water -Bbl: N/A Oil Gravity - API (corr): N/A 28. CORE DATA Conventional Core(s) Acquired? Yes ❑ No ❑ Sidewall Cores Acquired? Yes ❑ No ❑ If Yes to either question, list formations and intervals cored (MD+TVD of top and bottom of each), and summarize lithology and presence of oil, gas or water (submit separate sheets with this form, if needed). Submit detailed descriptions, core chips, photographs and laboratory analytical results per 20 AAC 25.071. ,NINE" JAN 2 9 ', jb Form 10-407 Revised 10/2012 CONTINUED ON REVE SE �/ �'IS/fii Submitoriginal only ��3 RBDMS,\I-L AUG - 3 2015 �' 0 • 29. GEOLOGIC MARKERS (List all formations and markers encountered): 30. FORMATION TESTS NAME MD TVD Well tested? ❑ Yes 2 No If yes, list intervals and formations tested, briefly summarizing test results. Attach separate sheets to this form, if Permafrost - Top Ground Surface Ground Surface needed, and submit detailed test information per 20 AAC 25.071. Permafrost - Base 920' 920' Formation at total depth: N/A 31. List of Attachments: Summary of daily operatins, schematic, photos of well head. 32. 1 hereby certify that the foregoing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge. Email: rbrumbaugh@blm.gov Contact: Rob Brumbaugh @ (907) 271-4429�:Eone: Printed Name: Wayne Svejnoha Title: Branch Chief, Branch of Energy and Minerals Signatur - - Ph ? / - y/f7 -� Date: 0, INSTRUCTIONS General: This form is designed for submitting a complete and correct well completion report and log on all types of lands and leases in Alaska. Submit a well schematic diagram with each 10-407 well completion report and 10-404 well sundry report when the downhole well design is changed. Item 1b: Classification of Service wells: Gas Injection, Water Injection, Water -Alternating -Gas Injection, Salt Water Disposal, Water Supply for Injection, Observation, or Other. Multiple completion is defined as a well producing from more than one pool with production from each pool completely segregated. Each segregated pool is a completion. Item 4b: TPI (Top of Producing Interval). Item 8: The Kelly Bushing and Ground Level elevations in feet above mean sea level. Use same as reference for depth measurements given in other spaces on this form and in any attachments. Item 13: The API number reported to AOGCC must be 14 digits (ex: 50-029-20123-00-00). Item 20: Report true vertical thickness of permafrost in Box 20. Provide MD and TVD for the top and base of permafrost in Box 28. Item 23: Attached supplemental records for this well should show the details of any multiple stage cementing and the location of the cementing tool. Item 24: If this well is completed for separate production from more than one interval (multiple completion), so state in item 1, and in item 23 show the producing intervals for only the interval reported in item 26. (Submit a separate form for each additional interval to be separately produced, showing the data pertinent to such interval). Item 27: Method of Operation: Flowing, Gas Lift, Rod Pump, Hydraulic Pump, Submersible, Water Injection, Gas Injection, Shut-in, or Other (explain). Item 28: Provide a listing of intervals cored and the corresponding formations, and a brief description in this box. Submit detailed description and analytical laboratory information required by 20 AAC 25.071. Item 30: Provide a listing of intervals tested and the corresponding formation, and a brief summary in this box. Submit detailed test and analytical laboratory information required by 20 AAC 25.071. Form 10-407 Revised 10/2012 • iliqll TOFrti ti United States Department of the Interior O 9 N O 7 � BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT '9 s - Alaska State Office 222 West Seventh Avenue, #13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513-7504 httl2://www.blm.jzov In Reply Refer To: A0G0 Umiat No. 1 Well (AK 932) May 28, 2015 Guy Schwartz Senior Petroleum Engineer Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission 333 West 7h Avenue, Suite 100 Anchorage, AK 99501 Subject: Umiat Test Well No. 1, Report of Sundry Well Operations for Final Plug and Abandonment Dear Mr. Schwartz, Please find the attached from 10-407 and supporting documentation for the final plug and abandonment of the Umiat Test Well No. 1. If you have any questions regarding the enclosed information, please contact Rob Brumbaugh by email at rbrumbau@blm.gov or by phone at (907) 271-4429. Branch Chief, Branch of Energy and Minerals BLM, Alaska State Office Enclosure(s): Well Completion Report Form 10-407; Umiat No. 1 Final wellbore diagram after P&A; Umiat No. 1 Photographic documentation and summary of P&A; Umiat No. 1 Ground Level 30" HOLE 24" Conductor Cemented w/ 14 sx Portland Cement 20" HOLE 16" Western Slip Jt. pt -Welded Cemented w/ 110 sx Victory Oil Well High Temp Cement and Various Additives 15 - 1/2" HOLE W .-I m 11-3/4" 47# J-55 Cemented W/ 350 sx Victory High Temperature Cement and Various Additives ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... Base of Permafrost @ 920' Mud Reported @ 950' _ _ _ _ _ ............... 10 - 5/8" HOLE 9 - 7/8" HOLE 6 -1/8" HOLE Lat: 69.3964694 N I Long: 152.3279906 W I Datum: NAD27 East: 715,486.01 us ft I North: 5,631,551.01 us ft I Zone: ASP 5 Section: 35 1111Townshi : 1N I Range: 2W I Meridian: Umiat FWL: 108' 1 FSL: 1,792-1 ELEV: 737' RKB: 9' Spud Date lCompletion Datel Status Date I Status 22 Jun 1945 1 5 Oct 1946 1 25 Mar 2015 1 Abandoned Comments: Post -final abandonment. Well cut off S below GL 14' MU / I VU "Cement to Surface 2 - 35 bbl displacements Full returns second attempt 19' MD / TVD Y-,!; 7I'm r�, 97' MD / TVD 685' MD / TVD 4,058' MD / TVD ,= 5,970' MD / TVD 6,005' MD / TVD 1" Tubing Top @ 71' Length 800' Full of cement C Or yp Top of Bentonite Plug @ 600' Top of Cement @ 641' 3 - 33 bbl displacement No returns first attempt Top of Brine Unknown US Navy Umiat Test Well #1 API # 50-287-10001-00-00 Permit to Drill # 100-2090 ISSUE DRAWN BY: DATE: 27 April 2015 Lucas Munisteri REVISION: E Not to Scale DATE: 5 May 2015 11 ppg Mud SOLSTEN'"P Legend Cement Drilling Fluid El Brine / Water r_1 Formation Fluid SOLSTEN'"P • BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT UMIAT TEST WELL 01 API Well Number: 50-287-10001-00-00 Permit to Drill Number: 100-2090 Field: NPRA Township: 1N Range: 2W Section: 35 Meridian: Umiat Latitude: 69.3964694 Longitude: -152.3279906 Datum: NAD27 Spud: 06/22/1945 Completion Date: 10/06/1946 Status Date: 10/05/1946 Status: Abandoned FINAL PLUG AND ABANDON REPORT On 25 March 2015 the final abandonment of the Umiat Test Well 1 was completed with the 11-3/4 inch casing and annuli cemented to surface. A marker cap was then welded to the conductor of the well and the site was returned to the original grade with no surface sign of the well. ARRIVAL STATUS P PHOTO 1: INITIAL WELL CONDTION DEPARTURE STATUS PHOTO 2: FINAL WELL CONDTION 0 WORK PROCEDURE 12 March 2015 Arrived at Well Site. See Photo 1. 13 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for inspection of well site and setting up equipment. Check well site for gas and none found. Installed second valve on well and opened well up. Tested for gas and none found. Well frozen down to 10 feet. Heat up generator and start moving in place. Inventory equipment and parts needed for well. Set tent up over well and heat up. Move in scaffolding equipment. See Photos 3 and 4. 14 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for rigging up BOPe and setting up scaffolding. Check well site for gas and none found. Cut off cap on well, install weld flange. Heat up accumulator and fill with hydraulic oil. Heat up BOP and assemble mud cross and nipple up. See Photo 5. 15 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for rigging up BOPe, setting up scaffolding, hook up hydraulics, overhead loads, wear reflective gear. Check well for site for gas and none found. Remove tent, install BOPe, install flow pan, tighten up flanges and set up choke. Set up scaffolding and tarp in. Hook up hydraulics and function test BOP. See Photo 6. 16 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for spotting equipment, running pipe, heating up equipment and starting up boiler. Check well site for gas and none found. Set up boiler with returns to open top tank, choke with returns to open top tank, cement unit, boom truck, two heaters and air compressor. Heat up boiler and cement unit. Test BOP, pipe rams, blind rams and choke manifold with air. Rig up boom truck and run two joints tag up at 10 feet. Fill boiler and test run. See Photos 6 and 7. 17 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for heating water, mixing cement, high-pressure pumping and overhead loads. Mix and heat up brine. Run pipe and thaw ice from 10 feet to 50 feet. �un pipe to 800 feel Rotary slips are 8 feet above ground level. Heat up cement unit and stage cemgn�— See Photo 8. 18 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for pumping hot fluid and cement. Mix and heat up 35 barrels of 9.3 PPG NaCl brine and pump. Mix and pump three — 33 barrel 4 0' batches of 11 ppb ASL cement. No returns to surface, closed pipe rams and 1 inch valve on pipe. Cleanout cement unit. 19 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for pumping hot fluid and cement and rigging down. Open 1 inch pipe valve, full of cement. Open pipe rams, no visible cement, 1 in pipe fell down hole. Remove BOP's and check fluid level. Fluid at 500 feet and no pipe visible. 21 • 20 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for rigging down BOPe, overhead loads and moving equipment. Nipple down BOPe, build assembly to run wiper plug in 11-% inch casing on pipe and installed coupling on 1 inch pipe. See Photo 9. 21 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for nipple up BOPe, welding, running pipe and overhead loads. Install transformer in boiler, thaw out ice to 30 feet, 11-% inch wiper plug in the well. Weld BOP flange back on and nipple up BOP. Run cement plug on pipe to 60 feet hit ice at 70 feet. Unable to go deeper than 70 feet. See Photo 10. 22 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for nipple up BOPe, welding, running pipe, overhead loads. Pull cement plug rigged down BOP and cut off welded flange. Run impression block tagged up at 70 feet, pulled impression block Had 1 inch coupling impression in block. Weld flange `) on well and nipple up BOP. Run in hole with beveled couplings and Muleshoe joint to 640 feet, no further progress possible. See Photo 11. 23 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for heating fluids, overhead loads and mixing chemicals. Heat up well with 9.3 PPG brine and pump. Made up 20 barrels of bentonite and pump behind brine. Pull up to 600 feetand pu"mp35 barrels 11 PPG cement with full returns. Pull up to 300 feet and pump 35 barrels of 11 PPG cement with full returns and cement to surface, brine coming up around the well casing. Shut in well. See Photo 12. 24 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review rigging down, overhead loads and one person giving directions. Open well up, pipe cemented inside and annulus cement dropped to 30 feet. Removed BOP, welded phalange, choke and accumulator. Return open top tanks. Rig down tarps in scaffolding. Excavate around well casing 5 feet down. Recovered 10 gallons brine 3 feet down around casing. Cut well off 5 feet below ground level. See Photos 13, 14 and 15. 25 March 2015 Safety meeting & JHA review for rigging down. Tag cement in the 11-3/ inch casing at 50 feet, top casing off with cement and weld marker plate to the 24 inch conductor on Umiat 1. Backfill well with soil and imported gravel. Cleanup well site, bagging up four super sacks of brine laden gravel and snow. Move equipment away from well. See Photo 2, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21. 31 • WELL OPERATIONS PHOTOS SET UP SITE FOR WORK PHOTO 3: SETTING UP SITE. PHOTO 4: HEATING UP EQUIPMENT 41 RIG UP ON WELL PHOTO s:RIG opBOP PHOTO s:RIG upFLOW LOOP S�PaQe • 0 RUN TUBING PHOTO 7: SPOT BOOM TRUCK AND RUN TUBING PHOTO 8: SET TUBING AND PUMP CEMENT 61F),. 0 • LOCATE TOP OF TUBING PHOTO 9: WIPER PLUG PHOTO 10: RUN WIPER PLUG PHOTO 11: RUN IMPRESSION BLOCK PUMP SECOND CEMENT PLUG PHOTO 12: SET TUBING FOR SECCOND CEMENT PLUG ATTEMPT 0 0 1 EXCAVATE WELL Axt PHOTO 13: CLEAR AREA AROUND WELL CUTTING OFF WELL HEAD PHOTO 14: CUT CASING OFF 9 1 P PHOTO 15: IDENTIFY TOP OF CEMENT CEMENT AND CAP WELL PHOTO 16: TOP CASING OFF WITH CEMENT 101' 0 • PHOTO 17: FINAL TOP OF CEMENT AT SURFACE PHOTO 18: WELD CAP ON OUTER CASING n U BACK FILL SITE PHOTO 19: FILL HOLE WITH GRAVEL 9 7 PHOTO 20: COVER WELL WITH GRAVEL 12 9 • PHOTO 21: FINAL LOCATION STATUS WITH FILL 13 1 ., it. S. Department of the Interi Bureau of Land Management Well Site Condition Report Date: 7/10/03 10:39 AM Site and Well Name. Location. Site: Umiat Well Name: Umiat Test Well #1 Township and Range, Section and Meridian: TIN, R2W, Sec 35, UM Coordinate System: Geographic Units: Decimal Minutes Latitude: 69° 23.777'N Longitude: 152° 19.842'W DATUM: WGS 84 (NAD 83) Quadrangle: Umiat B-4 Condition/Overview: Pad Condition: Pit Condition: 1� Umiat #1 was the first well drilled in NPRA that reached any significant depth (6005 ft). The site is mostly overgrown by willows with some miscellaneous scrap metal and leftover drilling muds intermixed with the willows. The drilling muds are being investigated by the Corps of Engineers for barite contamination. The site itself lies on top of a ridge that divides two channels of Seabee Creek. The area has been revegetated (mostly by thick willows) to approximately 90%. In the area of remaining drill muds, vegetation is absent. The well was drilled using an Aquagel-water mud, and with the exception of using a small amount of Fibrotex to regain circulation, no other muds were used. According to the USGS 305-B Study, Barite was not used in the muds (p.98). Minor debris exists on the pad in the form of solid metal. Despite the close proximity to the hillslope that leads down to the ravine, erosion is not a big conrcern due to the fact the site is pretty well anchored by the willows and their roots. No existing pit. Cellar Condition: Office Project 3 August 2015 0 INPUT OUTPUT Geographic, NAD83 State Plane, NAD27 5005 - Alaska 5, U.S. Feet Accuracies of conversions from NAD 83 to NAD 27 are typically 12 to 18 cm. Umiat Test Well 1 BLM 111 Latitude: 69 23.777 NorthingN: 5631625.720 Longitude: 152 19.842 Easting/X: 715517.922 Convergence: 1 33 55.32418 Scale Factor: 0.999952771 Datum Shift (m): Delta Lat. = 43.253, Delta Lon = -116.795 Remark: Corpscon v6.0.1, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • Office Project 3 August 2015 • INPUT OUTPUT Geographic, NAD27 State Plane, NAD27 5005 - Alaska 5, U.S. Feet Umiat Test Well 1 Oper 1/1 Latitude: 69.3977777777778 NorthingN: 5632025.543 Longitude:152.329166666667 Easting/X: 715321.400 Convergence: 1 33 50.51411 Scale Factor: 0.999952675 Remark: Corpscon v6.0.1, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Office Project 3 August 2015 INPUT OUTPUT Geographic, NAD27 State Plane, NAD27 5005 - Alaska 5, U.S. Feet Umiat Test Well 1 AOG 1/1 Latitude: 69.3964715705G17 NorthingN: 5631551. 861 Longitude: 152. 32 7 97 5143 9 9 6 Easting/X: 715487. 976 Convergence: 1 33 54.48142 Scale Factor: 0. 999952757 Remark: Corpscon v6.0.1, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers THE STATE °fALASKA GOVERNOR BILL WALKER Jesse Mohrbacher Petroleum Engineer Bureau of Land Management 6881 Abbott Loop Road Anchorage, AK 99507 Re: Umiat Field, Umiat Test Well 1 Sundry Number: 315-126 Dear Mr. Mohrbacher: Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission 333 West Seventh Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99501-3572 Main: 907.279.1433 Fax: 907 276 7542 www aogcc.olaska.gov Enclosed is the approved application for sundry approval relating to the above referenced well. Please note the conditions of approval set out in the enclosed form. As provided in AS 31.05.080, within 20 days after written notice of this decision, or such further time as the AOGCC grants for good cause shown, a person affected by it may file with the AOGCC an application for reconsideration. A request for reconsideration is considered timely if it is received by 4:30 PM on the 23rd day following the date of this letter, or the next working day if the 23rd day falls on a holiday or weekend. Sincerely, Cathy P. Foer ter Chair DATED this�Ay of March, 2015 Encl. RECEIVED STATE OF ALASKA MAR 0 9 2015 ALASKA OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COMMISSION APPLICATION FOR SUNDRY APPROVALS AOGCC 20 AAC 25.280 1. Type of Request: Abandon El Plug for Redrill ❑ Perforate New Pool ❑ Repair Well ❑ Change Approved Program ❑ Suspenc ❑ Plug Perforations ❑ Perforate ❑ Pull Tubing ❑ Time Extension ❑ Operations Shutdowr ❑ Re-enter Susp. Well ❑ Stimulate ❑ Alter Casing ❑ Other 2. Operator Name: 4. Current Well Class: 5 Permit to Drill Number. Bureau of Land Management Exploratory El Development ❑ Stratigraphic ❑ Service ❑ 100-2090 3. Address: 6. API Number. 6881 t-ooe 2�LIAnchorage, AK 99507 50-287-10001-00-00 7. If perforating: 8 Well Name and Number What Regulation or Conservation Order governs well spacing in this pool? Umiat Test Well 1 Will planned perforations require a spacing exception? Yes ❑ No 9. Property Designation (Lease Number): 10. Field/Pool(s): AA -081724 1 842000 11. PRESENT WELL CONDITION SUMMARY Total Depth MD (ft): Total Depth TVD (ft): Effective Depth MD (ft): Effective Depth TVD (ft): Plugs (measured): Junk (measured): 6,005' 6,005' 6,005' 6,005' N/A NA Casing Length Size MD TVD Burst Collapse Structural Conductor 10 24" 19' 19' MD & TVD RKB. RKB = 9'. Surface 88 16" 97' 97' Intermediate 679' 11-3/4" - 47#/ft. 685' 685' 3070 1510 Production Liner Perforation Depth MD (ft): Perforation Depth TVD (ft): Tubing Size: Tubing Grade: 7i7D (ft): N/A N/A Packers and SSSV Type: Packers and SSSV MD (ft) and TVD (ft): N/A N/A 12. Attachments: Description Summary of Proposal [] 13. Well Class after proposed work: Detailed Operations Program BOP Sketch [ I Exploratory [] Stratigraphic ❑ Development L i Service ] 14. Estimated Date for 15 -Mar -15 15. Well Status after proposed work: Commencing Operations: Oil ❑ Gas ❑ WDSPL ❑ Suspended ❑ WINJ ❑ GINJ ❑ WAG ❑ Abandoned E 16. Verbal Approval: Date: Commission Representative: GSTOR ❑ SPLUG ❑ 17. 1 hereby certify that the foregoing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge. Contact Jesse Mohrbacher Email iesse@solstenxp.com Printed Name Jesse Mohrbacher 907-244-4537 Title Petroleum Engineer Signature Phone Date �-- l /G " /Q ►/ X5 .11 COMMISSION USE ONLY Conditions of approval: Notify Commission so that a representative may witness Sundry Number: BOP Test [-11 Mechanical Integrity Test ❑ Location Clearance Vj Plug Integrity ��� ZIS' Other: Pi�trls OC a �''"+ C a S •\'� G�✓l - o6L Su —0"4-4,o // / W.e�PcII" ,v l� • U 'o8 44 G Z S' Z g4 Spacing Exception Required? Yes ❑ No T Subsequent Form Required: APPROVED BY 3-/-/— S Approved by COMMISSIONER THE COMMISSION Date: 3 3./,3 -/S IG lGiti[IjiAr Submit Form and Form 10-403 (Revised 10/2012) A a 12 months from the date of approval. chments in Du licate RBDMS MAR 1 2015 SO LSTE NfP March 9, 2015 Guy Schwartz Senior Petroleum Engineer Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission 333 West 7th Avenue, Suite 100 Anchorage, AK 99501 RECEIVED MAR 0 9 2015 AOGCC RE: Umiat Test Well 1, Application for Sundry Approval for Final Plug and Abandonment Dear Mr. Schwartz: On behalf of the United States Bureau of Land Management, SolstenXP Inc. hereby submits two originals of the referenced Application for AOGCC review and approval. The project team is currently mobilizing to Umiat and we intend to commence well operations on or about March 15, 2015 on Umiat Test Well 1. If you have any questions regarding the enclosed information, please contact me by email (jesse@solstenxp.com) or at (907) 244-4537. Sincerely, SOLSTENXP INC. Jesse Mohrbacher cc: Jason Ditsworth, Marsh Creek, LLC Robert Brumbaugh, Bureau of Land Management Umiat Test Well 1 API# 50-287100010000 AOGCC PTD 100-209 Summary Well P&A Program The Umiat No. 1 well was drilled to a total depth of 6,005' (MD, TVD, RKB) with the deepest casing set at 685' and 5,320' of open hole below the 11-3/4" shoe. The base of the permafrost in the well is estimated to be approximately 920'. Drilling mud was bailed out to a depth of 950' prior to suspension of the well. Drawings of the current wellbore configuration and the proposed post abandonment condition are attached. The proposed BOP configuration and site equipment layout drawings are also attached. 1. Mobilize all necessary personnel and equipment to the well location from another Umiat area well and rig up for operations. The anticipated equipment spread will include the following: Equipment: Batch cementing unit Backup centrifugal pump Vac unit 4" double BOP stack dressed for 1" pipe, accumulator, choke manifold Boom truck Heaters (4) Open top tanks Waste transport tanks Wachs saw Forklift (shared with overall project) Excavator (shared with overall project) Spill Kit Pipe, hoses, valves, fittings as needed Hand tools as needed PPE as required 2. Twenty-four hours before P&A operations work commences, notify the onsite BLM and North Slope AOGCC representatives (907)-659-3607 of the plan to start well work. 3. Install a nipple and 2" backup valve on the existing wellhead valve prior to opening the well to atmosphere. Be prepared to bleed off any gas and monitor area with a gas meter during any venting operation. 4. If gas is present, rig up to purge well with nitrogen during installation of the starting flange for the BOP stack. 5. Verify the top of fluid level in the wellbore. It is likely that the depth to fluid will be several hundred feet below ground level. To estimate the depth of fluid, drop a small rock down the center of the 11-3/4" casing and record the number of seconds to hear the impact at the fluid level. The fluid level then can be estimated from an empirical chart (attached). If liquids are present in the upper 100 to 200 feet of the well, collect a 1 sample of the liquid with a bailer for analysis per BLM requirements. If fluids are frozen or at deeper depths >200', collect samples during circulating operations in Step 8 below. 6. Rig up winterization structure on wellhead. Apply heat. 7. Rig up BOP stack on well and circulating spool. Test BOP's to 250 PSI. Aormation takes fluid, shut down and note maximum pressure obtained. Check all BOP surface connections to ensure all are fluid tight. 8. RIH with 1" tubing. If frozen fluids are encountered, circulate warm NaCl brine while RIH. Continue running tubing in hole to at least 785 feet. The exact depth will be determined from the information gathered in Step 4 above and whether or not the wellbore fluids are frozen. If a bridge is encountered that cannot be worked through after circulating warm fluid for 30 minutes, notify BLM and AOGCC officials that an impassible bridge has been encountered and that cement will be set at a shallower depth than the target depth. 9. Mix and pump a sufficient quantity (100 bbls±) of permafrost type ArcticSetLite or equivalent cement to fill the open hole and casing from at least 100 feet below the 11- 3/4" casing shoe to surface. Close in valve on 1" tubing at surface and leave tubing cemented in the hole. -156 ' x , , i -?.S 64411/- r- // d 130c- 10. Wait on cement to set for a minimum of 6 hours and verify that the plug has not fallen downhole. If plug has fallen, top off with additional cement to fill 11-3/4" casing to surface. 11. Collect any fluid returns in an open top waste tank or vacuum unit and recycle them on future wells or transport to Deadhorse for disposal. 12. Remove all support equipment from around the wellhead area and excavate around well to 5 feet below original ground level. 13. Rig up the Wachs saw and cut off the casing strings to a minimum of 3 feet below original ground level and top off any open annuli with cement. 14. Install a 24 inch diameter marker plate that is minimum %" thick steel on the 24 inch conductor with the following information bead welded onto it: US Navy (` PTD: 1002090 CIL Umiat Test Well 1 Ll)?Xel) r��` . API: 50-287100010000 15. Demobilize equipment to Deadhorse or move to next well in the program. 16. File reports for sundry well operations with the BLM and AOGCC for the P&A activity. 4110-'w 2 Umiat Test Well # 1 Well Schematic SOILSTEN Current March 2015 30" HOLE — 19' 24" Conductor Cemented in 30" Hole w/14 sx Portland Cement 20" HOLE 97' x 16" Western Slip Jt. pt-welded Casing Cemented w/ 110 sx Victory Oil Well High Temperature Cement and Various Additives 15-1/2" HOLE Base of Permafrost @ 920' Mud Reported to 950' — 10 - 5/8 " HOLE 9 - 7/8 " HOLE 6 - 1/8 " HOLE Drawn by: Joe Alston Date: 2 March 2015 Rev. A: 3 March 2015 685' 11 -3/4", 47#, J-55 Casing. Cemented w/350 sx Victory High Temperature Cement and Various Additives —4,085' —5,970' 6,005' Not to Scale 11 ppg Mud Lat: 690 2352" N Long: 1520 19'45" W Spud: June 22, 1945 Comp: Oct. 5, 1945 RKB: 9' All Depths RKB 01� Umiat Test Well # 1 R H REEK Well Schematic SOLSTEN'fP Post Abandonment 2015 - I I - fj 30" HOLE 19' 20" HOLE No 15 - 1/2 " HOLE Base of Permafrost @ 920' Mud Reported to 950' — 10 - 5/8 " HOLE 9 - 7/8 " HOLE 6 - 1/8 " HOLE Drawn by: Joe Alston Date: 2 March 2015 Rev. A: 3 March 2015 24" Conductor Cemented in 30" Hole w/ 14 sx Portland Cement 97, J 16" Western Slip Jt. pt -welded Casing Cemented w/ 110 sx Victory Oil Well High Temperature Cement and Various Additives 1" Tubing Cemented in Well to 785' 685'; 11 - 3/4", 47#, J-55 Casing. Cemented w/ 350 sx Victory High Temperature Cement Brine and Various Additives Legend so Cement —4,085' FA Mud F -IBrine, 9.0 ppg NaCl 11 ppg Mud —5,970' 6,005' Not to Scale Lat: 69° 2352" N Long: 1520 19'45" W Spud: June 22, 1945 Comp: Oct. 5, 1945 RKB: 9' All Depths RKB CHOKE 1 MAIN OUTLETS TO VENT/ SURGE TANK f CHOKE CHOKE MANIFOLD 10 BLIND FLANGE 4.06 - 10k BLIND RAMS DUAL BOP 4.06 - IOk 1.315 PIPE RAM FLOW CROSS 4.06 - 10k W/ 2 OUTLETS WELD ON FLANGE BOP 4.06-10k O N BOP Package for "A w F Umiat #1 - Umiat #3 - Umiat #11tssm 1 ,. 3 March 2015 DPAW 00M.�` Joe Alston M.AHEEKRVI90: SME: SLSTEN `P S e of EQUIPMENT LAYOUT FOR UMIAT WELL REMEDIATION N Work Site Layout for F Umiat #1 - Umiat #3 - Umiat #11 DA 27 February 2015 �- Joe Alston — s A SHEET: S DATE: a Ma,cn -5 1 of 1 ZSHCREF S©LSTEN P rMK O PARTS CONNEX r i O TOOL CONNEX - --__--- - ---------------- +; 2- 9 camO SLEIGH TANK 10 r ® SLEIGH TANK ELL S CEMENT UNIT od 8 © BOILER �y, O BOP ® RETURN TANK 7 ISCAFFOLDING i TAW 1 10 CHOKE MANIFOLD 11 DIVERTER TANK 4 i i 1© GENERATOR 13 HEATER 18 14 HEATER IFi to o o U') i 15 HEATER ,u,) r� n Cp cp h h eh N - - � 16 LIGHT PLANT - L_ ------ ----------------- 1© ACCUMULATOR 18 25 TON BOOM TRUCK N Work Site Layout for F Umiat #1 - Umiat #3 - Umiat #11 DA 27 February 2015 �- Joe Alston — s A SHEET: S DATE: a Ma,cn -5 1 of 1 ZSHCREF S©LSTEN P How to calculate depth of fluid in a well with a falling object. from http://calculus-geometry.hubpages.com/hub/How-to-Find-the-Depth-of-a-Well-by-Dropping-a-Rock Time (s) Depth (m) Depth (ft) 1 4.76 15.6 2 18.55 60.8 3 40.66 133.4 4 70.49 231.2 5 107.51 352.6 6 151.24 496.1 7 201.24 660.1 8 257.15 843.5 8.5 287.21 942.0 9 318.61 1045.1 10 385.32 1263.8 Note: Drop (don't throw) the rock down the center of the casing to minimize side collisions and resulting friction. Lon Kelly Arctic Field Office Manager United States Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management 1150 University Avenue Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 Dear Mr. Kelly: March 6, 2014 swNED MAR 12 2014 amv -n u, e A i cryo oqc AfasKo 995( 357"1 9�,7 279 33 The Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (AOGCC) agrees with Bureau of Land Management (BLM) on taking the opportunity to remediate a portion of the wells in the Umiat Field during this winter exploration season. The four wells (Umiat #4, #8,#9 and #10) are ready for final wellhead cutoff as they have been P & A'd to surface with cement and only need wellheads removed, topped off with cement (as needed) and capped. This will bring the wells into full compliance with AOGCC regulations. AOGCC and BLM engineering staff have discussed the wells and AOGCC staff have requested sundries from the BLM staff for the four affected wells. Umiat #1 and #3 and #11 require rig work to get them to a final P & A status and will not be worked on this winter. Sincerely, / I? Cathy P. oerster Chair United States Department of the Interior EAJta A U OF LANA) M.ANAGE,MENT 1 7 `Si) l l,i Sti Ave A A,— htty://www.blm. pov Cathy Foerster Chair, CommissiOTIC1, Alaska Oil aril Gas Coi-nmiss](Al X33 W. 7"' Avenue, Shite 100 AuchoraL,e. Alaska 99501-3j- � Umiat Wellhead Removal Dear Ms. F'oerster, SCXNaEp MAR 12 ZU14 \ U v _2C-) ::: k MAR Q 3 2014 A A. G C . The Bureau of Land Management has a window of opportunity to remove the wellheads at Umiat #4, #8, #9, and #10 before the end of the 2013-2014 winter season. The BLM and AOGCC discussed these wells on November 13, 2013 at the AOGCC's office, but not in a public forum. At the meeting, it was concluded the only wells requiring additional work at Umiat was Umiat #1, #3, and #11. The BLM is seeking verification of this conclusion from the AOGCC, prior to removing the aforementioned wellheads. If you have any questions or need any additional information, please contact me at (907) 474- 2368. Sincerely, Lon Kelly Arctic Field Office Manager TF E STAE July 11, 2013 GOVERNOR SEAN PARNELL Wayne Svejnoha SC Igj) APR: 0 1 `1014 Supervisory Minerals & Energy Specialist 222 W 7th Avenue, #13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Re: BLM Legacy Wells Dispute Dear Mr. Svejnoha: Conservation Division of Spill Prevention and Response Contaminated Sites Program 610 University Ave. Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3643 Main: 907.451.2181 Fax: 907.451.2155 The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) — Contaminated Sites has reviewed the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska: 2013 Legacy Wells Summary Report dated February 2013, containing updated information on the status of the 136 Legacy Wells located in the National Petroleum Reserve — Alaska (NPR -A), and the draft National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska: 2013 Legacy Wells Strategic Plan dated May 2013. ADEC has also reviewed the response by the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (AOGC). We concur with the response by AOGC and have no further comment regarding the priorities. We do have comments about the investigation and cleanup plans presented in the report. With this letter we are outlining regulatory requirements related to the environmental work that is proposed and required as part of these cleanups. ADEC is concerned that the 2013 Legacy Wells Strategic Plan prepared by the BLM does not include either assessment or the contingency for assessment of known, likely, or unknown but possible contaminant releases. In addition, BLM plans for surface cleanup of these wells should be made clear in the plan. At least one of these legacy wells has extensive PCB contamination and has resulted in a multi-year cleanup totaling tens of millions of dollars. At others, solid waste disposal practices have resulted in releases to the environment with estimated cleanup costs in the hundreds of millions. Known releases documented in the records we reviewed include crude oil, gasses, refined oil and fuel, drilling fluids that include various organics, metals, and other chemicals, and unknown contaminants from drums and other containers observed to be damaged and abandoned at the various well sites. There are 13 legacy well sites with known releases currently on the DEC contaminated sites list. Many of these are in the process of being addressed, cleaned up, and closed. From our limited records review there are 15 additional legacy well sites with confirmed releases. These should be prioritized for initial records reviews and then added to the BLM contaminated sites list under our cooperative agreement. Suspected releases include fuel releases from operations, storage, and fuel spills at the sites, impacts to various surface water bodies from spilled fluids during drilling and breaches of containment at reserve and flare pits, continued surface runoff from drilling fluids uncontained at several sites, and down -hole substances that were ejected from the holes over time or during blowouts or drilling operations. o>r r • THE STATE Department of Environmental 011-1LASKL'1 GOVERNOR SEAN PARNELL RECEIVED FEB 0 7 2014 February 4, 2014 A0GCC Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested Article No.: 7012 2210 0002 1216 2391 Wayne Svejnoha BLM — Division of Resources 222 W 7th Ave, #13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Conservation Division of Spill Prevention and Response Contaminated Sites Program File: 320.38.010 SCANNED 0 2 2014 Re: Potentiall Responsible Party Notice Letter and Information Request NPRA Legacy Wells - General Hazard ID: 26125 Ledger Code: 14339387 Dear Mr. Svejnoha: 610 University Ave. Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3643 Main: 907.451.2181 Fax: 907.451.5105 This letter is to advise you that the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) has identified the 136 legacy wells within the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA) as potential contaminated sites. Some of these wells require extensive cleanup of oil and other hazardous substances released to the environment. Since you are identified as a current or past owner and/or operator of these sites, please be advised you may be financially responsible or liable for the investigation and /or cleanup of any hazardous substance contamination that might be present. Alaska Statute 46.03.822 establishes who is liable for contamination. Records available to the ADEC indicate that you meet one or more of the following criteria: » owned or controlled the hazardous substance at the time of its release; » own(ed) or operate(d) the property or facility from which the release occurred; » owned or operated property at which the hazardous substance came to be located; and » arranged for transport, disposal or treatment of hazardous substances that were released. Site History From 1944 through 1982 the US Government drilled 136 wells to explore for oil and gas resources in the NPRA. It is our understanding that other federal agencies and some private companies may have operated or managed these sites in the past. We have also been informed that 23 of these well have been conveyed to public and private entities. The ADEC currently lists 14 of the 136 legacy wells on our database of contaminated sites. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is identified as the responsible party for the following sites. Wayne Svejnoha 0 2 February 4, 2014 • BLM Cape Halkett Drill Site (File # 300.38.108) • BLM East Simpson #2 (File # 300.38.109) • BLM East Teshekpuk Drill Site (File # 300.38.110) The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, under the Formerly Used Defense Sites program, is working with ADEC under the Defense States Memorandum of Agreement on cleanup actions at the 11 Umiat test well sites. BLM is identified as the landowner in our records, and as such is identified as a potentially responsible party in addition to the Department of Defense: C Umiat Test Wells 1-11 (File # 335.38.001) The information contained in these files is part of the public record. Our databases are accessible on the Internet at: http://dec.alaska.gov/spar/csp/db_search.httn Additional Actions Needed ADEC sent a letter on July 11, 2013, identifying an additional 15 legacy well sites with confirmed releases (enclosed). As stated in the letter, ADEC recommends that BLM develop a plan to address known, suspected, and unknown releases at the legacy well sites, in coordination with the appropriate regulatory agencies. We expected a response to this letter before now. Please respond to this letter within 30 days. After we receive and review your response we will determine what additional actions will be taken regarding each site with known or suspected contamination. In addition, with your response, please complete and return the enclosed questionnaire requesting more information about past operators. In accordance with Alaska Statute Title 46, ADEC is authorized to provide regulatory oversight for any contamination response efforts initiated by the responsible party. However, if response actions by the responsible party are not satisfactory to ADEC, we may then assume the lead role in the investigation and cleanup efforts. In the event that State response actions are necessary, the responsible parties may be held financially liable for any response actions taken by the State. Alaska Statutes 46.04.010 and 46.08.070 establish cost recovery procedures for certain costs, including oversight activities, incurred by the State in responding to pollution incidents. If you are determined to be a responsible or liable party, ADEC may bill you at a later date for our expenditures associated with this pollution incident. Expenses for which we may seek reimbursement include: Staff time associated with general or technical assistance; work plan review; project oversight; general project management; legal services; interest; travel; equipment and supplies; and any contracting costs. Pursuant to Alaska Statute 46.08.075, the State may also file liens against all property owned by a person who is responsible or liable for State expenditures. Please respond in writing within thirty (30) days from the date of this letter addressing your intended actions with respect to this pollution incident. If you believe someone else is responsible for this pollution incident (e.g., a past owner or operation of the site) or if you have any questions concerning this matter, please contact Mr. Fred Vreeman at (907) 451-2181. The attached "ADEC Information Request" describes the minimum information expected in your response. Additional information may needed to evaluate the risks and responses required at each legacy well site. Sincerely, Fred Vreeman Environmental Program Manager G:\SPAR\CS\Contaminated Site Files (38)\320 National Petro Reserve Area\320.38.010 NPRA Legacy Wells General\2-2-2014 Letter\PRP Letter All Wells.docx Wayne Sveinoha Enclosure: 0 3 • ADEC Information Request Concerning Contaminated Sites BLM Legacy Wells Dispute letter date July 11, 2013 February 4, 2014 cc: Bud Cribley, Director, Bureau of Land Management Steven Cohn, Deputy Director, Bureau of Land Management Jolie Pollet, Branch Chief, Bureau of Land Management Robert Brumbaugh, Geologist, Bureau of Land Management Michael McCrum, Environmental Engineer, Bureau of Land Management Larry Hartig, Commissioner, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Lynn Kent, Deputy Commissioner, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Kristen Ryan, Director, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Lori Aldrich, Program Manager, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Steve Bainbridge, Program Manager, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Jennifer Roberts, Program Manager, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation ADEC Response Fund Administration GASPAR\CS\Contarr nmted Site Files (38)\320 National Petro Reserve Area\320.38.010 NPRA Legacy Wells General\2-2-2014 Letter\PRP Letter All Wells.doe% 0 0 ADEC INFORMATION REQUEST Concerning a contaminated site(s) Re: Legacy Well Sites in and near the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPRA) Please precede each answer with the number of the question to which it corresponds. Please direct any questions concerning this information request to Fred Vreeman, Contaminated Sites Program, 610 University Avenue, Fairbanks, AK 99709; Phone: 907-451-2181. Thank you for your cooperation. 1. Provide name and company affiliation of the person answering the questionnaire. 2. Provide copies of all studies, reports, and supporting information (including preaquisition assessments and work done on behalf of other parties) which you have knowledge of which address past and/or present environmental conditions at the site. Identify the name, title, address, and phone number of the party(s) who are responsible for preparing the studies or information. Information which has been previously submitted to ADEC need not be submitted again (unless specifically requested in a subsequent communication) if you can provide the name of the office (and name and title of the DEC officer if known) to whom the report was previously provided. 3. Provide a description of any ongoing or planned investigations or cleanup work at the site. Identify the names, titles and phone numbers of the individuals responsible for preparing the studies or information. 4. Provide a description of known releases at the site (date of occurrence, quantity released, type of substance released, etc.) and a description of corrective measures that were taken. Provide information on any suspected releases which may have or are occurring. 5. Describe the nature of past and present operations at the site. In particular, any actions that may have caused the release or threat of release at the site. Describe the physical characteristics of the site including major structures, water wells, fuel or waste storage systems, drainage or septic systems, etc. 6. Provide a list of any permits issued by the Department which relate to activities at the site and a list of RCRA identification numbers (U.S. EPA identification numbers) which may be held. 7. Identify persons to whom you leased all or a portion of the property and describe the nature of their operations. 8. Identify the person(s) who used the site for disposal of substances deposited there, if any. 9. Provide copies of manifests for any hazardous waste and/or petroleum contaminated materials taken to or from the site. 10. Provide a list of persons and their phone numbers and addresses of persons who have knowledge about the use of hazardous substances at the site. 11. Provide information regarding the existence of insurance coverage for damages resulting from releases of hazardous substances and copies of all such insurance policies, both currently in effect and in effect during the periods of activity in question. 12. Describe the acts or omissions of any person, other than your employees, agents, or those persons with whom you had a contractual relationship, that may have caused the release or threat of release of hazardous substances at the site. a. In addition, describe all precautions that you took against foreseeable acts or omissions of any such third parties. 13. Describe the care you exercised with respect to the hazardous substances found at the site. 14. Describe the physical characteristics of the site including structures, wells, drainage systems, etc. THE STATE July 11, 2013 'ALASKA GOVERNOR SEAN PARNELL Wayne Svejnoha Supervisory Minerals & Energy Specialist 222 W 7th Avenue, #13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Re: BLM Legacy Wells Dispute Dear Mr. Svejnoha: Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Spill Prevention and Response Contaminated Sites Program 610 University Ave. Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3643 Main: 907.451.2181 Fax: 907.451.2155 The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) — Contaminated Sites has reviewed the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska: 2013 Legacy Wells Summary Report dated February 2013, containing updated information on the status of the 136 Legacy Wells located in the National Petroleum Reserve — Alaska (NPR -A), and the draft National Petroleum Reserve in Alaslm. 2013 Legacy Weiss Strategic Plan dated May 2013. ADEC has also reviewed the response by the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (AOGC). We concur with the response by ACIGC and have no further comment regarding the priorities. We do have comments about the investigation and cleanup plans presented in the report. With this letter we arc outlining regulatory requirements related to the environmental work that is proposed and required as part of these cleanups. ADEC is concerned that the 2013 Legacy Wells Strategic Plan prepared by the BLM does not include either assessment of the contingency for assessment of known, likely, or unknown but possible contaminant releases. In addition, BLM plans for surface cleanup of these wells should be made clear in the plan. At least one of these legacy wells has extensive PCB contamination and has resulted in a multi-year cleanup totaling tens of millions of dollars. At others, solid waste disposal practices have resulted in releases to the environment with estimated cleanup costs in the hundreds of millions. Known releases documented in the records we reviewed include crude oil, gasses, refined oil and fuel, drilling fluids that include various organics, metals, and other chemicals, and unknown contaminants from drums and other containers observed to be damaged and abandoned at the various well sites. There are 13 legacy well sites with known releases currently on the DEC contaminated sites list. Many of these are in the process of being addressed, cleaned up, and closed. From our Waited records review there are 15 additional legacy well sites with confirmed releases. These should be prioritized for initial records reviews and then added to the BLM contaminated sites list under our cooperative agreement. Suspected releases include fuel releases from operations, storage, and fuel spills at the sites, impacts to various surface water bodies from spilled fluids during drilling and breaches of containment at reserve and flare pits, continued surface runoff from drilling fluids uncontained at several sites, and down -hole substances that were ejected from the holes over time or during blowouts or drilling operations. 1 Wayne Sve noha ? July 11, 2013 Y The.BLN-1 plan to address these known, suspected, and unknown releases at legacy well sites is notably absent from the documents presented to date. The three primary regulatory agencies that need to be involved in the plan are ADEC — Contaminated Sites, Alaska Oil & Gas Conservation Commission, and ADEC — EH/Solid Waste. Other agencies will need to be consulted. as well. Below we provide recommendations for a coordinated plan using the Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans (UFP-QAPP) that will involve all of the regulatory agencies in one coordinated manner. This will allow BLM to address these sites in a consistent and coordinated project which fulfills all of the regulatory requirements so that the sites do not need to be re -visited in the fu=e xvhen they are closed after this project. Attached are our comments on each specific well. The acronyms used on the list include terms that are typically used in a CERCLA type investigation however they are also suitable for investigations conducted under the State of Alaska cleanup rules. These include the following; Historical Records Review (HRR) 'chis is recommended for almost all of the well sites. Much of the information required for these reviews is already contained in various reports and appendices or in BLM files. The Historical Records Review should document the type of releases that might have occurred from drilling operations as well as historical use of the site, and should capture all available information on the drilling fluids used and any product produced or released. Preliminary Assessment (PA) This is recommended for almost all of the well sites. A Preliminary Assessment is a limited scope investigation that provides an assessment of information about a site and its surrounding area to distinguish between sites that pose little or no threat to human health or the environment and sites that require further investigation. The PA is a CERCLA defined document and typically does not require sampling. Site Inspection (SI) If the PA recommends further investigation, then an SI is necessary. The SI is a CERCLA defined document, and it is analogous to an initial report of contamination under state cleanup rules. On some legacy well drillings sites it is evident now that an Sl is required just from a review of the reports. An SI investigation typically includes the collection of samples to determine what contaminants are present at the site and whether they are being released into the environment. An approved site specific workplan is required under both CERCL-A and 18 AAC 75 prior to SI sampling. The SI typically is not intended to develop a full site characterization, but is limited to determining the presence or absence of a release. If contamination is found after completion of the HRR, PA, and SI then a RI/FS under CERCLA, or a Site Characte-rizatiowlteportandcleanup-Alas,under-l-fi-AAC7iis`required. -- ----- - -- — --------- - DEC recommends that BLM incorporate into the strategic pian the processes outlined in this letter. A team of agencies composed of AOGC, DEC -CS, EPA as required, and DEC -EH should address regulatory and technical requirements for these well closures. By cooperating and working together with the regulatory agencies BLM will save time and expense, and regulatory uncertainties will be avoided. The strategic plan should reference a project to prepare a generic workplan. DEC suggests that BLM utilize the generic UFP-QAPP workplan format for the required environmental work. If properly prepared, the workplan could encompass most of the investigations and cleanups required at these sites over multiple years. At other multi -site projects we have found this to be an effective way to reduce uncertainties and risk in these types of investigations. A very small site specific FSP could then be developed as BLM approaches each drilling site. Regulatory decisions made during workplan development would provide more certainty in the planning process for cleanups. G:\SPAR\CS\federal F2cilitie3\Ci%ih2n 1-cdcrrt Agr=ics\DOl\B[.Ni\1'roiens\lxgAey Wells\7 11 13 Luter to KIN on lxbxy wells.doex Wayne Svejnoha 3 0 July 11, 2013 Please review the attached list of specific sites. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call me at 907-451-2181 or by email at fred.vreeman@alaska.gov. I look forward to working with you as the Federal Government fulfills its requirement to clean up these well drilling sites in Alaska. Sincerely, y' Fred Vreeman Environmental Program Manager Enclosure: SPAR Response with Legacy Wells cc: Bud Cribley, State Director, Bureau of Land Management Steven Cohn, Deputy State Director for Resources, Bureau of Land Management Jolie Pollet, Branch Chief, Bureau of Land Management Robert Brumbaugh, Geologist, Bureau of Land Management Michael McCrum, Environmental Engineer, Bureau of Land Management Cathy Foerster, Commissioner, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Larry Hartig, Commissioner, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Kristen Ryan, Director, ADEC Division of Spill Prevention and Response Steve Bainbridge, Program Manager, ADEC Contaminated Sites Program Jennifer Roberts, Program Manager, ADEC Contaminated Sites Program GASI'AR\CS\Fedcrrl Fo61ibLy\Gvi6n Falctul AgcnnCs\DOI\BI.N1\Proitcts\lA'6.1' q W03\7 11 1314tur to Aim\I on Ug2cy Wclls.doex Well Name operator I RP I Land Simpson Core Test #5 1! Na 1 BLM Simpson Core Test #6 US Na I BLM Simpson Core Test #7 us Na 1 Bl. M Sin son Core Test 98 US Navy 113LM Si son Core Test #9 U5 Na I BLM Sinwson Core Test #1f) U.S Navy! BLM Core Test #11 AOGCC Subsurlaca I BLM Core Test #12 FUSNa a I BLM Core Test #16 a I BLM Core Test #17 US Na 1 BLM Core Test 018 US Na I BLM Core Test #19 US Na 1 BLM t Core Test #20 US Navy 1 BLM i Gore Test #21 2S Na 1 BLM I Core Test #22 US Na 111•LM I Core Test dnlf fluids left in hole i BLM Core Test �#2vy I BLhA n CareTest #25 US Na Y I BLM K Core #1 US Navy i BLM 1 -t- *1 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Lisl.xlsx 2013 Risk Ity CSP Status I Fito tllHazid Rolea5e7 Nnne f+lone IYOMWil Low RNooe ane None Unused, Unused, I None Unused, i None Uncased, None None None None (None Unknown Unknown Page 1 of 14 •I AOGCC Subsurlaca AOGCC Surface SPAR W arkgroup Notes Status Status Need HRR, PA, S1 no data no data Need HRR. PA. SI no data no data Need PA ind drill fluid assessnsenl & workplan drillin 11uids left in hole no data Need PA ind drill fluid assessment & work an drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill Ifusd assessment & work Ian dnlf fluids left in hole no data Need PA ncf drill fluid assessmcnf &work Ian dnllxs fluids tett rn hale no data well skelch provided by Need PA ind drill fluid BLM not consistent with assessment & work Ian AOGCC or BLM data no data Need PA ind drill fluid assessment & work Ian dnflin fluids left in hole no data Need PA and 51 ind 13611 fluid assessment. workplan rid sampling stressed debfis, partially as blowout and fire rove elated site areas Need PA incl drill fluid assessment & workplan dn lling fluids left in hole no data geed PA ind drill fluid assessment & wOTk Ian drij I ing fluids teff in hole no data Need PA incl dfifl nutd assessment & work Ian drillin fluids left m hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid assessment & work Ian drillin ituids left in hole no data Need HRR. PA, SI no data no data Need PA incl drill fluid assessment & work Ian drillin fluids felt in hole ria data Need PA incl dnll fluid assessment & work larx drillin fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid assessment & work Ian drillin fluids Teff in hole no data Need PA ind dnll fluid drflfing fluids and ball assessment & Workplan peen hammer left in hole no data overshot, drill collar, rock revegelated —131 Need HRR, PA bit, and N -reds left in hole can't find it Review Report as PA. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling Not abandoned, waste on surface. Veg ----_— , ,raw,, plunaed to surface site not cleared •I SPAR Response with Legacy Wells LisLxlsx Page 2 of 14 is • vi nce o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator I RP I Land Mgr Priority CSP Status file #IHazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status plugging operations inadequate and Wellhead tell as Umiat 43 US Navy I BLM I FUDS None pending dos 335.38.00113092 Yes. see file 'Plugged by BLM in 2004 incomplete historic site? plugging operations inadequate and Wellhead left as Umiat #4 US Navy I BLM / FUDS None pending dos 335.38.001!3079 Yes, see file Plugged by BLM in 2004 incomplete historic site? plugging operations inadequate and Wellhead left as Umial 98 US NaMy I BLM I FUDS None pendinq dos 335.38.001/3D81 'Yes, see_ _file Plugged BLM in 2004 incomplete historic sile? plugging operations inadequate and Wellhead left as Umiat #1'0 US Navyj BLM_I FUDS None pendingdos 335.38.00113082 Yes, see fila Plu ed by BLM in 2004 incomplete historic site? Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 7868'. Drilling Cleanup. Photos - evidence mud and diesel to Awuna #1 USGS I BLM Medium None None Yes of erosion into lake surface. > 100 _Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud Wood , metal, assessment. Surface Plugged to 2039'. Diesel plastic debris. Fast Simpson #1 USGS I BLM Low None None Yes Cleanup. to surface. >10D Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with Wood and metal Drilling mud assessment debris. Pylons - Photos straw areas of no Plugged to 2047'. Diesel Tankage for lk ' #1 USGS / 8LM Low None None Yes ve elation. to surface. flammable fluids Need HRR. PA, SI wdh sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 1400'. Drilling Wood and metal Koluktak #1 USGS I BLM Low None None LYes Cleanup. mud & diesel to surface debris Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 1894'. Diesel Wood and metal Ku am 91 USGS I BLM Low None None Unknown Cleanup. to surface debris. Pylons Need HRR, PA, Sl with sampling_ Drilling mud assessment_ Surface Plugged to 4464'. Drilling Wood & metal Kuyanak #1 USGS I BLM Low None None Yes Clean mud & diesel to surface debris. Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Photos show Plugged to 1840'. Diesel Plastic and metal Lisburne 41 USGS I BLM Low None None Yes stained soil to surface debris. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 8192'. Drilling Wood and metal North Iii ok $1 USGS I BLM Low None INone Yes Cleanup. mud & diesel to surface debris - Page 2 of 14 is • Well Name Peard South Meade #1 1 RP 1 Land 1BLM BLM #1 4USGS ! BLM SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Usl.xlsx ;013 Risk &W CSP Status File XlHazkl T Page 3 of 14 AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface WAR Workgroup Notes Status r Status � deed HERR, PA SI with iampling. Dining mud rssessment- Surface ;leanup. Site photos show areas of stressed iegetalion. No issues Plugged to 2232'. Diesel Wood and metal soled in USGS re ort. to surface debris. Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling_ Drilling mud assessment Surface Plugged to 2026'. Diesel Wood and metal Cleanup. to surface debris. P Ions Add to She list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Od reported bubbling to the surface within reserve pit in 1982. Oily residue and sheen observed adjacent to east side of reserve pil, down hole material at the Plugged to 1875. Diesel Wood and metal surface to surface debris. P ons Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, S) with sampl'uig. Drilling mud assessment - Surface Cleanup. Reserve pit berm had breaches anowirrg water to exit. Oil - stained sediment was observed above the Plugged to 1478'. Diesel Wood and metal waterline of the I. to surface debris. Site photos may show hydrocarbon sheen on Plugged to 2600'. Drilling Wood and metal water in well cellar mud & diesel to surface debris. Pylons Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Berms have been breached an allow water to flow out of reserve piUllare pit. Rising bubbles of ail observed in Hare pit 1484. Photos Show Plugged to 1825'. Diesel Metal debris. ra.. v-1 v.nnnralinn to Surface ... 0 •I SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Lisl.xlsx Page 4 of 114 0 0 vi encs o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator 1 RP f Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #fHazld Release? SPAR Workgroup Motes Status Status Need HRR, PA, Sl wrlh sampling. Drilling mud assessment Surface Cleanup. Breaches in berm allow water to flow into and out of reserve pit, sheen on Plugged to 2700' Diesel Wood and metal West Dease #1 USGS l BLM Low None None Yes surface water in well cellar to surface debns. Pylons Add to Site list. Need HRR,. PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Water flows into the pits through breaches on the eastern berm and out of the pits through breaches on the northern and western berms. Downhole material Plugged to 228'9'. Drilling Wood and metal South Harrison Bay #1 USGS f BLAB Low None None es Present at surface mud & diesel to surface debris. Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampliing. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Stressed vegetation noted and apparent in site pholos. Plugged to 2443'. Drilling West Fish Creek #1 USGS 1 BLM Low None None Yes Drilling mud around well mud & diesel to surface Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment, Surface Cleanup. High TPH Plugged to 1977'_ Drilling wellhead sticking concentrations underneath mud under plugs. Diesel up. Wood debris. Fast Simpson #2 USGS 1 BLM I Low _ Active 300.38.10912691 Yes, see file the rig inundation to surface Pylons South Barrow 94 US NavyiNorth Slope Bono None None None Unknown Need Surface Status completed gas well - no data South Barrow #5 USAF - BLM Unknown None None None. Unknown Need Surface Status completed gas well no data South Barrow #& US Na /Norlh Sto Burg None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, St no data no data South Barrow #9 US NavyfNarih Slop2 Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, Sl no data no data _ South Barrow #10 US Navyfflorlh Sto Bora None None None Unknown Need Surface Status com ted gas well no data South Barrow It12 US Na /North Slope Baro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA. Sl no data no data BLM well skMh not consistent with AOGCC South Barrow #14 US NavyMorth Sloe Boro None None one Unknown Nsed HRR. PA, St data no data Need PA ind drill fluid well left filled with drilling South Barrow #16 US NavyiNotih Slope Bora None None None Unknown assessment & workplan mud and diesel no data Need PA incl drill !turd tubing in well. no perfs, Soulh Barrow 017 US Na /North Sloe 13ora None None None jUnknown assessment & work fan I unknown fluid, I no data Page 4 of 114 0 0 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Lisl.xisx Page 5 of 14 •I E CYfuu .v v AOGCC Subsurface A Surlaco TEHILM T013 Risk CSP Stilus File #IHaaid Historic Rekeasa7 SFAR YUnrkgroup Nates 5latus at US $1<ntus Well Name flperatar f RP f Land Mgriority Unknown Need Surface Status corn feted as well no data 5aulh Barrow #18 US Na INorlh Slo a Bora None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, St no data no data Walak a #1 USGS! Unknown None None None rsg 890`. Multiple cement plugs of unknown volume. Shallowest None None Unknown _ Need HRR, PA, SI SOD' no dada Gubik #1 US Na d Ur#cnown Low Add to Site list. Need HRR. PA. SI with sampling. csg Q SOD' Well blowout Drilling mud assessment. from zone al 1SOT during Surface Cleanup. Photos plugging operations show disturbed/ slashed Plugging never completed after blowout. no data Gub* #2 US Na ! Unknown Low None Nora es areas two downhole Dement plugs of unknown depth Mone None Unknown Need MR. PA. Sl and volume no data Grandstand #1 US Navy 1 Unknown None Add to Site list. Need HRR. PA, SI with sampling. Dnliing mud assessment. Surface Cleanup Sediment from the reserve pit was excavated and spread over the pad to drill a 2nd well at this location, Upon completion of the 2nd well. the sediment was pushed back into ft reserve pit.. Area does not appear to be revegetaling. perhaps from the presence property plugged but no of drilling mud at the data on abandonment None None Yes surface status no data W 7 Foran #1 " USGS I Unknown Low on Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Slressed vegetation, photos show plugged, but not open csg; metal & Active 306.3$.108f2689 Yes. see file site underwater abandoned at surface corwsele debris under 5' of water, Cape Halken #1 " US Na (Unknown Low None Unknown !Need HRR, PA. SI es to 27' open C_s Min a Veloei #1 U5 Na f t3LM one None csg @ 31" 280' of drill pipe, drill collar, and Core Unknown Need HRR. PA, SL barrel left rn hole. neve etaled Ournalik Core #i US Na / BLM None -No obsery None !None Page 5 of 14 •I E SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Lisi.xlsx Page 6 of 14 • • WI F3nCe Q BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface ADGCC Surface Well Name Operator t RP I Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #IHazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status Need HRR, PA, Workplan for St with Sampling. Drilling Mud Assessment. Surface Cleanup. Photos show debris, stressed No csg. 15' of drift pipe Oumalik Care #2 US Navy 1 ULM Low None None yes ve elation and rock hit left in hole. no data Need HRR, PA, Workplan for Si with Sampling open csg & other Drillip) Mud Assessment. piping sticking out Surface Cleanup_ Reports of ground; wood, of debris, drilling muds on melat, conciele Oumalik Core 011 US Navy t BLM Low None None Yes surface (__q to 9'. debris open csg sticking out of ground; wood & metal 0umalik Core #12 US Navy I BLM Low None None No Need HRR, PA, SI no data —__—debris _„ debris buried by landslide. Need HRR, PA, St, Well not no dala on Sentinel Hill #1 US Navy 1 BLM Low None None Unknown ap panent in site Rholos Csq to 3t1'. underwater status Need IQR, PA, SI. No evidence of sheen, open crag slightly stressed veg, or drilling above ground waste on surface. Veg 37' of csg, drilling fluids level; wood and S imp son Core Test #1 US Navy 1 BLM Low None None No appears healthy lett in hole metal debris Need HRR, PA, St. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste on surface_ Veg 76'01 Csg, drilling fluids Simpson Core Test #2 US Navy I BLM Low None None No appears healthy left in hate no data Need HRR. PA, Sl. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste an surface. Veg 61' of csg, drilling fluids Sim sun Core Test #3 US Navy I BLM Low None None No appears healthy left in hole no data Need HRR, PA, St. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, ordrilling waste on surface. Veg --60' of crag, drilling fluids Sim eson Core Test #4 US Nayy t BLM Low Norse None No apecars healthy left in hole no data Need HRR, PA, St. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste on surface. Veg csg cemented @25% open csg sticking Songsoncore Test #13 US Na 1 BLM Low None None No appears health dritin fluids IeR in hole_ out of round Need HRR, PA, SI. Vegetated, no evidence of crag cemented @2D'; open csg sticking Simpson Core Test #14 US Navy ! BLM Low None None No release. drillin fluids left in hole out of ground Page 6 of 14 • • SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Lisl.xlsx ism son Core Fest #26 t=vrdence or Medium AOGCC Subsur(aen ADGGC Surface 13LM 2013 Risk CSP Status File WHazid Historic Retease7 SPAR Wwkgroup Notes Status Status Well Name operator r RP 1 Land Mgr Priority Unko Need HRR, PA. SL US Na ! $LM open casing None Nave Vegetated. no eV4dence of cog set shallow; drilling slicking nut of Low No release- fluids left in hole round Simpson Core Teri #14a US Na !BLM Low None None & weilhead slick Need HRR. PA, SI crude nil left in hole open casing Need HIR, PA, Workplan Vegetated, no e+wdence of csg cemented 12181; slicking out of openrigd ng No release. drillingfluid left in hole round Simoson Care Tesl #15 US Na !BLM Low None None d wooden cellar, Need HRR, PP, SL Sate a9 r�110'. dolling fluids wood 8 metal ism son Core Fest #26 US Na ! BLM Medium None None res Sim san Core Test 027 US Na J 13LM IJone None None Unko Sim son Gore Test #28 US Na ! $LM Low None Nave Yes clmnnnn Core Tesl #29 US Navy! BLM Low Norte No No Simpson Core Test 030 US Na 1 !BLM Core Test #30a JUS,Navy 1 BLM Low `None f'tone n Gore Test #31 JUS Navy/ BLM None Page 7o(14 photos appear to show oil at surface, from a natural csg Q 350'. Completed in oil seep, seep, also drilling mud in oil well Open perfs. At 1welhead sticking sacks on the tundra one lime capable of up_ metal debris PI u ed b BLM in 2004. unassisled flow. and rustingbarrels 'Need HRR, PA, St. Site photos appear to show Oil csg cemented at surface, from a natural @i02;dnllutg fluids nn oily ground; csg seep- Plugged by BLM in including diesel and & weilhead slick vin 2004 crude nil left in hole out of ground Need HIR, PA, Workplan for Sl with Sampling- openrigd ng ❑rilling Mud Assessment . out grouunnd in Surface Cleanup. Site d wooden cellar, photos appear to show a p le of drilling mud about a9 r�110'. dolling fluids wood 8 metal 160 feel tram the welt tell in hole debris. Solid waste Need HRR, PA, Sl_ No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or dri" waste on surface. Veg csg cemented at 1S2'; open csg. Wood a ears healthy dnknq fluids lett in hole and metal debris Need HRR, PA, SI. frilling mud at surface. but well is also in the middle of a large in oil seep; Open oil seep and surrounded by cog sticking up; pooled oil. Plugged by BLNI csg cemented A150'; wood & metal see Holes in 20514- drillin fluids left in hole detail on oily ground; tog Need HRR. PA, Sl. Well is wellhead slick in the middle of a large oil seep and surrounded by csg cemented at 100% out of ground. pooled oil. Plugged by 131. dulling mud left in hole. wellhead leaking see noses in 2004 gas blowout at 423' gas Need HRR, PA, St. Leaky valve replaced in 2001, little evidence of contamination following valve on city ground; rig replacement- Plugged by csg cemented at 100'; & wellhead stick see notes BLM in 20174 iddifing fluids, left in hole out o1 round SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 8 of 14 • • yr enco o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator f RP f Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File glHasid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status Need HRR PA, Workplan csg Cemented at for Sl with Sampling. 1028', cement plugs a1 Drilling Mud Assessment. 6387' and 5520'. Fish in Surface Cleanup. Drilling hole, drilling fluids Iefs in No data. Open Simpson Test Welt #1 ak US Navy1 BLM Low None INone yes muds near wellhead hale casing Need HRR, PA, Workplan for Sl with Sampling. Dolling Mud Assessment. Surface Cleanup Also Wellhead sticking evidence of a natural seep- above ground, Tar sheens in the summer ST from 2552 to 3018. wood, melel, and months. BLM is concerned csg @2915. Slotted liner concrete debris. Fish Creek #1 US Navy I BLM Medium None None Yes about exposure to wildlife to TO. Completed oil well Rusting barrels Need HRR, PA, Workplan for SI with Sampling. rasing cemented at 48; Drilling Mud Assessment. gas 0mv and explosion Surface Cleanup. Small gas while drilling at 863'; hole leak in wellhead flange, will Filled with fresh water to Wolf Creek 91 US Navy f BLM Low None Nano No flow if the valve iso en 330' No data. csg cemented a[ 53';hole left tilted with fresh water, Wolf Creek 02 US Navy 1 BLM Low Noire None No Need HRR. PA. Sl. fish in hole csg cemented at 107'; No data bridge plugs from 1447 to 1735 and from 554 to Wolf Creek #3 US Nayy I BLM Low None None No Meed HRR, PA, SI. 661, No data Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. csg slicking out of Drilling mud assessment ground with wood Surface Cleanup. Sheen on plug on top; solid surface water in well cellar, csg cemented at 30'; drill waste; wood hundreds of drums indicate pipe, drilling mud and debris; about 200 Skull Cliff Core test #1 US NaMy I BLM High None None Yes polential for cornlamrna[ion diesel left in hole nisling barrels Need HRR, PA, SI. Two open csg, wood drums are floating on a building; pylons; pond near the well. csg cemented at 1000', wood & metal Kaolak 01 US Navy I BLM t ow None jNone lNo Potential for hurried landfill. fdriltingluidsieftin hole debris Page 8 of 14 • • SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Lisl.xlsx 181-11119013 Risk Well Name Operator f RP ! land Mgr Priorlty CSP Status File 1NHazid #1 1 U Navy 19LM #1 JUS Navy/ umatik Ill US Na I BLM Low None None as[ Oumalik #i US Na !BLM Low None None #1 N East Topagoruk #1 USN l BLM Knifeblade #1 US Navy! BLM Page 9 of 14 Subsurface `AOGCC Surface SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. open flange Q Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Drilling Gas well. Open ports. ground level. Mud pile overgrown with Drilling fluids and Metal & wood v , etallon and lichen tubulars lett in hole debris Need HRR, PA, SI. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling csg cemented at 502'; open casing slicking out of waste on surface. Veg plug at 3470 to 3511'; ground. Wood appears heall drilling nuids left in hole debris. Open casing below Add to Site list. Need HRR, ground level. PA, SI with sampling- Revegetated. Drilling mud assessment. Numerous metal Surface Cleanup. Debris csg partially cemented at I support structures and drilling muds. Stressed 2762'. Plug at 2543% sticking up. vegetation Dridin mud left in hole Concrete debris, plate welded to pipe: l' of pipe rsg cemented at 1100'. sticking up - Need HRR. PA. SI. Drig fluids left in hole Wooden debris. Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Driving mud assessment. open csg broken Surface Cleanup. Downhole material present csg cemented at 6073'. off and sticking up: at surface, area mostly original hole drilled to wood, metal, revegetated. Diesel still 7154'& junk len; concrete and other occupies the ground sidetrack hole left wilh debris. rusting dreulatioir lines. drillina fluids barrel Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Dolling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Pile of tsg 10 1100'; pkig al open casing drilling muds is next to the 1049% drilling mud below sticking up. Wood, teller. No offical reserve pit plug: unknown fluids in metal, and glass noted o en hole debris. open casing Need HRR, PA, SI. BLM sticking up. Wood, stales that there was no metal, and glass debris at this site in 2012. csg cemented at 420% debris - •I 0 SPAR Response with Legacy Welts Lisl.xlsx Paye 10 of 14 0 0 w once a BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator I RP f Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #IHazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status v F Status open casing sticking up. Wood, metal, & concrete debris rusting Need NRR, PA, SI. Reports barrels. One indicate solid waste csg cemented to 45';fish marked flammable Knileblade #2 US Navy I BLM Low None None No drums in hole hazard. open casing slicking up; metal & Krideblade #2a US Navy 1 BLM Low None None No Need HRR, PA, SI. csq cemented at 38% concrete debris Need HRR, PA, SI including learning assessment. Site partially No wellhead. submerged intermittently csg cemented at 80; Metal. Solid waste North Simpson Test Wel 4 US N2n I BLM Low None None No during the summer dri0ing fluids left in hole ? No dala crude wellhead. Need HRR, PA, St. Surface csg cemented at 685'; Wood and metal Umiat 01 US Navy J BLM I FUDS Medium Cleanup co 335.38.00113090 Yes, see file Cleanup drillinq fluids left in bole debris No wellhead. Gravel pad partially csg cemented a1486; revegelaled wood Need HRR, PA, SI. Surface cement plug from 440 to debris and pipe Umiat #i t US Na I BLM I FURS Low pending dos 335.38.00113083 Yes, see file Clea 490'; sticking u csg cemented at 7206'; vVefNwad- Gravel various plugs from 8250' pad revegetaled 7 South Sirnpson 01 US Navy I BLM Low None None Yes Need HRR, PA, SI. to surface No data Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Large quantifies of ferrous oxide, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, and barium sulfate were added to drilling muds. Stains apparent in photos. BLM field camp an site. Walls between the reserve and Pare pits have eroded. Wellhead and Water flows into surface gravel pad. ? No Wook #1 USGS I BLM Low lNone Name Yes water during break22L no data data Paye 10 of 14 0 0 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Lrsl.xlsx BLM 2x13 Risk Well Name 10porator I RP I Land Mgr Priority CSP Status I File #IHazid Arca- Barrow Cure #1 US Na l til.M Avak 01 US Navy I BLM Barrow Bi R' #1 US Na I BLM Barrow Cafe Rig Test 91 US Na I BLM #2 I US Navy I BLM #1JUS N,a I BLM H' h NOr1e None Test Well #1 US Test Well #2 US Barrow Test Wetl #31115 Na IN©r1h Slo c Bora IAedium None None Unknown Page 11 of 14 Subsurface -FAOGCC Surface SPAR IWorkgfoup Notes Status _ ___ araiu5 Need HRR, PA, SI. Surface Cleanup, Photo CIMG0218 csg cemented at 53` shows area of disturbed tubing hung to 708': hole open casing vegetation that should be heft filled with drilling mud slicking up; wood & investi algid durin Sf and diesel metal debris open casing Need HRR. PA, St. Surface csg cemeoled at BIF. sticking up; wood & Cleanu-. lu set at 1348' metal debris Not abandoned, site not cleared, Need HRR, PA, SI. Surface open casing 7? No Cleanup no data data Not abandoned, site not cleared, Need HRR. PA, SI. 'Surface open casing 77 No Cteanu no data data Need HRR, PA, St with sampling. trilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Drilling Muds on Not abandoned, site -slowly revegelatmg site not igred, More information on drilling open casing 7? No mud specifics rs being researched no data data Need 1lRR, PA, SI wdh sampling. Drilling mud wellhead leaking assessment. Surface cemented Csg to gas!? Wood & Cleanup- Cellar does not 1270;slotted liner to metal debris. Area retain water 1956': tbg to 1939 affected 50'x50' Need HRR, PA. SI. Drilling Csg cemented at mud assessment. Surface 441'.hole Iell willed with open pipe; metal & Cleanup- On mads stem water concrete debris Need HRR, PA, Sl. Drilling Csg cemented al 2260'; mud assessment- Surface periorated liner to TD. wood, metal & Cleariu . fln road s stem lin Completed well. Conerete debris Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling and workplan. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Drilling +csg cemented at 10461: open c5g slinking mud at surface. Sheen on hole left filled with drilling up; wood & metal surface wafer in well cell larQuids and wafer. de" 0 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells Lisl.xlsx Well Flame Operator I RP I Land Mgr BLM 201$ Risk Priority CSP Status File #ltiazid yr once oF— Historic Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes AOGCC Subsurface Salus g AOGCC Surface Status no data. Likely revegetaled. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy I BLM None-uncased hc None None lUnknown Need HRR, PA. not in AOGCC database Monlht Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our fist of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Cumalik Foundalion Test b US Navy I BLM None-uncased hC None jNane Unknown Need HRR. PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed From our irsl of wells of Concern In < 50', no csg. no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy I BLM None-uncased hc None lNone Unknown Need HRR. PA, not m AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no c5g. no APF#. Odubut. 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy I BLM None-uncased ht Nune lNone Unknown Need HRR, PA, nal in AOGCC database Monthiv Meetin no data. Likely revegetaled. Removed from our Ilst of wells of con cam in < 501, no csg, no APi#. October, 2012 Oumatik Foundation Test 0 US NavyI BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR. PA, not in AOGCC database Moral Meeting no data. Likely revegetaled. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg. no API#, October, 2012 Ournalik Foundation Test 4US Navy I BLM None4xwased h_j None None Unknown I Need HRR. PA, not in AOGCC database Month Meetin Page 12 of 14 0 Page 13 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells LrsLxisx Well Name BLM 2013 Risk Operator f RP I Land Mgr Priority Historic CSP Status Fife #IHazld Rslease7 AOGCC subsurface Status �__ - -_-�� . A013CC Surface Status no dala. Likely SPAR 1Norkgroup Nates revegelaled. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50'. no csg, no AP IN, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test US Na!q BLM None -encased h None None Unknown Need HRR. PA. not w AOGCC database MonthlyMeeiin no data. Likely revegelated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 501. no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundalion rest U5 Na I BLM None -encased h None None Unknown Need HRR. PA, not in AOGCC database Monihl lAeeli no data. Likely revegetaled. Removed from aur fist of wells of concern in 0urn alik Foundation Test US Na 18 LM None -encased fi None None ilnknown Need HRR. PA, < 50', no csg. no API#, not in AOGCC database October, 2012 Month! Meetin no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern In < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundat'Gon Test US Na I BLM None encased h Nome None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not m AOGCC database Month! Meeting property abandoned per then -applicable South Banow #7 US NEILM 2LI None None Unknown Need HRR. PA, ro erl lu ed re s no data to support proper Um -Qt 02 US N Noire Pendin Clo 335.30.001/3078 Yes, see file Plu d to surface abandonment no data to support proper Uncal #5 Ummt #9 Urrval A66 Umial #T Atiaaru Point#1 U5 US US Na I BL M US Na I BLM USGS/BLM None Pendin Hi h -PCB cleanu Active None Pendia None tPendi Mane Clo 3L5 313.00113079 335.38.00113093 Cao 335.3$.00113080 Clo 335 38 001I3091 None Yes, see file Yes, see file Yes, see file Yes. see lite No Plu ed E4 surface property plugged and abandoned pfupedy plugged and abandoned property plugged and abandoned Need HRR. PA,Plugged by properly plugged and BLM in 2009. abandoned abandonment suriaoe site remediated surface site remediated suriacx V le remediated surface site remediated Page 13 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells LrsLxlsx Page 14 of 14 0 vrcTon`ce o BLM 2813 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator i RP 1 Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #fFlaxid Releases SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA. SI with workplan and sampling. Chilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Two large breaches on the south side of the berm allow water out of the reserve pit. Plugged properly plugged and surface site Drew Point #1 USGS 1 BLM None None None Yes by BLM in 2410. abandoned remedialed On Site list Need HRR, PA, 51 with workplan and sampling. [frilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. In 1976 the reserve pit berm failed and dolling muds/cutlings were released onlo the Poe of Teshekpuk Lake. Plugged by BLM in 2008. Solid waste from camp aril drilling operations buried on northern portion of pad. Erosion has exposed solid properly plugged and surface site East Teshek uk #1 US Navy 1 BLM None Active - waits 3Q0.38.11012652 Yes, see file waste. abandoned remediated Threatened by erosion. properly plugged and surface site J. W. Dalton $P USGS f BLM None None None No Plu ed b BLM in 20fl5. abandoned rernediated properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #8 USAF 1 BLM None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface sile South Bartow 911 US Na INorih Slope Bono None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remedialed properly plugged and surface site South Barrow 013 US Na lNerlh Slope Boro None None None Unknown Need HHR, PA, abandoned remedialed properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #15 US Na !North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #19 US Na 1Nrarlh Sloe Baro None Nana None Unknown Need HRR. PA, abandoned remediated Properly plugged and surface site South Barrow 1x20 US Na Worth Slope Bora None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remedialed Need HRR, PA, dolling mud assessment, containment assessment, possible releases. Breaches allow wafer to flow into and aul of property plugged and surface site Watakpa #2 USGSI BLM None None lNone lyes I reserve and flare pits. labandoned irernediated Page 14 of 14 0 . Wayne Svejnoha July 11, 2013 The BLM plan to address these known, suspected, and unknown releases at legacy well sites is notably absent from the documents presented to date. The three primary regulators- agencies that need to be involved in the plan are ADEC — Contaminated Sites, Alaska Oil & Gas Conservation Commission, and ADEC — EH/Solid Waste. Other agencies will need to be consulted as well. Below we provide recommendations for a coordinated plan using the Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans (UFP-QAPP) that will involve all of the regulatory agencies in one coordinated manner. This will allow BLM to address these sites in a consistent and coordinated project which fulfills all of the regulatory requirements so that the sites do not need to be re -visited in the future when they are closed after this project. Attached are our comments on each specific well. The acronyms used on the list include terms that are typically used in a CERCLA type investigation however they are also suitable for investigations conducted under the State of Alaska cleanup rules. These include the following; Historical Records Review (HRR) This is recommended for almost all of the well sites. Much of the information required for these reviews is already contained in various reports and appendices or in BLM files. The Historical Records Review should document the type of releases that might have occurred from drilling operations as well as historical use of the site, and should capture all available information on the drilling fluids used and any product produced or released. Preliminary Assessment (PA) This is recommended for almost all of the well sites. A Preliminary Assessment is a limited scope investigation that provides an assessment of information about a site and its surrounding area to distinguish between sites that pose little or no threat to human health or the environment and sites that require further investigation. The PA is a CERCLA defined document and typically does not require sampling. Site Inspection (SI) If the PA recommends further investigation, then an SI is necessary. The SI is a CERCLA defined document, and it is analogous to an initial report of contamination under state cleanup rules. On some legacy well drillings sites it is evident now that an SI is required just from a review of the reports. An SI investigation typically includes the collection of samples to determine what contaminants are present at the site and whether they are being released into the environment. An approved site specific workplan is required under both CERCLA and 18 AAC 75 prior to SI sampling. The SI typically is not intended to develop a full site characterization, but is limited to determining the presence or absence of a release. If contamination is found after completion of the HRR, PA, and SI then a RI/FS under CERCLA, or a Site Characterization Report and cleanup plan under 18 AAC 75 is required. DEC recommends that BLM incorporate into the strategic plan the processes outlined in this letter. A team of agencies composed of AOGC, DEC -CS, EPA as required, and DEC -EH should address regulatory and technical requirements for these well closures. By cooperating and working together with the regulatory agencies BLM will save time and expense, and regulatory uncertainties will be avoided. The strategic plan should reference a project to prepare a generic workplan. DEC suggests that BLM utilize the generic UFP-QAPP workplan format for the required environmental work. If properly prepared, the workplan could encompass most of the investigations and cleanups requited at these sites over multiple years. At other multi -site projects we have found this to be an effective way to reduce uncertainties and risk in these types of investigations. A very small site specific FSP could then be developed as BLM approaches each drilling site. Regulatory decisions made during workplan development would provide more certainty in the planning process for cleanups. Mayne Svejnoha 3July 11, 2013 Please review the attached list of specific sites. if you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call me at 907-451-2181 or by email at fred.vreerr�an@alaska.gov. I look fonvard to working with you as the Federal Government fulfills its requirement to clean up these well drilling sites in Alaska. Sincerely, G� Fred Vreeman Environmental Program Manager Enclosure: SPAR Response with Legacy Wells cc: Bud Cribley, State Director, Bureau of Land Management Steven Cohn, Deputy State Director for Resources, Bureau of Land Management Jolie Pollet, Branch Chief, Bureau of Land Management Robert Brumbaugh, Geologist, Bureau of Land Management Michael McCrum, Environmental Engineer, Bureau of Land Management Cathy Foerster, Commissioner, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Larry Hartig, Commissioner, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Kristen Ryan, Director, ADEC Division of Spill Prevention and Response Steve Bainbridge, Program Manager, ADEC Contaminated Sites Program Jennifer Roberts, Program Manager, ADEC Contaminated Sites Program SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Evidence o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status Simpson Core Test #5 US Na / BLM Low None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI no data no data Simpson Core Test #6 US Na / BLM Low None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI no data no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #7 US Na / BLM Low None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #8 US Na / BLM Low None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #9 US Navy/ BLM Low None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #10 US Na / BLM Low None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data well sketch provided by Need PA incl drill fluid BLM not consistent with Simpson Core Test #11 US Navy / BLM Low None None Unknown assessment & workplan AOGCC or BLM data no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #12 US Na / BLM Low None None Unknown assessment & workplan drillinQ fluids left in hole no data Need PA and SI incl drill fluid assessment, workplan incl sampling stressed debris, partially Simpson Core Test #16 US Na / BLM None- Uncased, Y None None Unknown areas gas blowout and fire reve etated site Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #17 US Navy/ BLM None- Uncased, r None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #18 US Na / BLM None- Uncased, r None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #19 US Na / BLM None- Uncased, i None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #20 US Navy/ BLM None- Uncased, i None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Simpson Core Test #21 US Na / BLM None- Uncased, r None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI no data no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #22 US Na / BLM None- Uncased, r None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #23 US Na / BLM None- Uncased, F None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid Simpson Core Test #24 US Na / BLM None-Uncased, r None None Unknown assessment & workplan drilling fluids left in hole no data Need PA incl drill fluid drilling fluids and ball Simpson Core Test #25 US Na / BLM None- Uncased, r None None Unknown assessment & workplan peen hammer left in hole no data overshot, drill collar, rock revegetated -- BLM Ik ik uk Core #1 US Na / BLM Low None None Unknown Need HRR, PA bit, and N -rods left in hole can't find it Review Report as PA. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste on surface. Veg Not abandoned, Square Lake #1 US Navy/ BLM ILow INone INone INo jappears healthy jPlugged to surface site not cleared Page 1 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 2 of 14 vi ence o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status plugging operations inadequate and Wellhead left as Umiat #3 US Na / BLM / FUDS None pending clos 335.38.001/3092 Yes, see file Plugged by BLM in 2004 incomplete historic site? plugging operations inadequate and Wellhead left as Umiat #4 US Na / BLM / FUDS None pending clos 335.38.001/3079 Yes, see file Plugged by BLM in 2004 incomplete historic site? plugging operations inadequate and Wellhead left as Umiat #8 US Na / BLM / FUDS None pending clos 335.38.001/3081 Yes, see file Plugged by BLM in 2004 incomplete historic site? plugging operations inadequate and Wellhead left as Umiat #10 US Na / BLM / FUDS None pending clos 335.38.001/3082 Yes, see file Plugged by BLM in 2004 incomplete historic site? Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 7868'. Drilling Cleanup. Photos - evidence mud and diesel to Awuna #1 USGS / BLM Medium None None Yes of erosion into lake surface. > 100 Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud Wood, metal, assessment. Surface Plugged to 2039'. Diesel plastic debris. East Simpson #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes Cleanup. to surface. >100 Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with Wood and metal Drilling mud assessment. debris. Pylons. Photos show areas of no Plugged to 2047'. Diesel Tankage for Ik ik uk #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes vegetation. to surface. flammable fluids Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 1400'. Drilling Wood and metal Koluktak #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes Cleanup. mud & diesel to surface debris. Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 1894'. Diesel Wood and metal Ku rua #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Unknown Cleanup. to surface debris. Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 4464'. Drilling Wood & metal Ku anak #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes Cleanup. mud & diesel to surface debris. Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Photos show Plugged to 1840'. Diesel Plastic and metal Lisburne #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes stained soil to surface debris. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 8192'. Drilling Wood and metal North Ini ok #1 USGS / BLM I Low None INone IYes Cleanup. mud & diesel to surface debris. Page 2 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 3 of 14 Is yr ence o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP I Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #IHazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status J Need HRR, PA, SI with t sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Site photos show areas of stressed vegetation. No issues Plugged to 2232'. Diesel Wood and metal North Kalik ik #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes noted in USGS report. to surface debris. Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Plugged to 2026'. Diesel Wood and metal Peard #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes Cleanup. to surface debris. Pylons Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Oil reported bubbling to the surface within reserve pit in 1982. Oily residue and sheen observed adjacent to east side of reserve pit, down hole material at the Plugged to 1875'. Diesel Wood and metal South Meade #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes surface to surface debris. Pylons Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Reserve pit berm had breaches allowing water to exit. Oil - stained sediment was observed above the Plugged to 1478'. Diesel Wood and metal Seabee #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes waterline of the pit. to surface debris. Site photos may show hydrocarbon sheen on Plugged to 2600'. Drilling Wood and metal Tula eak #1 USGS / BLM Medium None None Yes water in well cellar mud & diesel to surface debris. Pylons Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Berms have been breached an allow water to flow out of reserve pit/flare pit. Rising bubbles of oil observed in flare pit 1984. Photos show Plugged to 1825'. Diesel Metal debris. Tunalik #1 USGS / BLM I Low lNone lNone IYes l stressed vegetation Ito surface 1 Pylons Page 3 of 14 Is SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 4 of 14 vi ence o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status Fite #/Hazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Motes Status Status Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Breaches in berm allow water to flow into and out of reserve pit, sheen on Plugged to 2700'. Diesel Wood and metal West Dease #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes surface water in well cellar to surface debris. Pylons Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Water flows into the pits through breaches on the eastern berm and out of the pits through breaches on the northern and western berms. Downhole material Plugged to 2289'. Drilling Wood and metal South Harrison Bay #1 USGS / BLM Low None None yes present at surface mud & diesel to surface debris. Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Stressed vegetation noted and apparent in site photos. Plugged to 2443'. Drilling West Fish Creek #1 USGS / BLM Low None None Yes Drilling mud around well mud & diesel to surface Pylons Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. High TPH Plugged to 1977'. Drilling wellhead sticking concentrations underneath mud under plugs. Diesel up. Wood debris. East Simpson #2 USGS / BLM Low Active 300.38.109/2651 Yes, see file the rig foundation to surface Pylons South Barrow #4 US Na /North Slope Boro None None lNone Unknown Need Surface Status completed gas well no data South Barrow #5 USAF - BLM Unknown None None None Unknown Need Surface Status completed gas well no data South Barrow #6 US Na /North Slope Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI no data no data South Barrow #9 US Na /North Slope Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI no data no data South Barrow#10 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown Need Surface Status completed gas well no data South Barrow #12 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI no data no data BLM well sketch not consistent with AOGCC South Barrow #14 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None INone Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI data no data Need PA incl drill fluid well left filled with drilling South Barrow #16 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown assessment & workplan mud and diesel no data Need PA incl drill fluid tubing in well, no perfs, South Barrow #17 US Na /North Sloe Borol None None None Unknown assessment & workplan unknown fluids no data Page 4 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 5 of 14 vi ence o l BLM 2013 Risk Historic Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #IHazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status South Barrow #18 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown _AOGCC Need Surface Status completed gas well no data Walak a #1 USGS / Unknown None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI no data no data csg @ 890'. Multiple cement plugs of unknown volume. Shallowest Gubik #1 US Na / Unknown Low None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI 800' no data Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. csg @ 800'. Well blowout Drilling mud assessment. from zone at 1800' during Surface Cleanup. Photos plugging operations, show disturbed/ stained Plugging never Gubik #2 US Navy / Unknown Low None None yes areas completed after blowout. no data two downhole cement plugs of unknown depth Grandstand #1 US Navy / Unknown None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI and volume. no data Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Sediment from the reserve pit was excavated and spread over the pad to drill a 2nd well at this location. Upon completion of the 2nd well, the sediment was pushed back into the reserve pit- Area does not appear to be revegetating, perhaps from the presence properly plugged but no of drilling mud at the data on abandonment W T Foran #1 '* USGS / Unknown Low None None Yes surface status no data On Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Stressed vegetation, photos show plugged, but not open csg; metal & Cape Halkett #1 — US Navy/ Unknown Low Active 300.38.108/2689 Yes, see file site underwater abandoned at surface concrete debris under 5' of water, Min a Velocity #1 Navy/BLM one one one Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI cs to 27' open csg csg @ 31'. 280' of drill JU'S Pipe drill collar, and core Oumalik Core #1 a / BLM None -No observa None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, SI. barrel left in hole. reve etated Page 5 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 6 of 14 vi ence of BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status Need HRR, PA, Workplan for SI with Sampling. Drilling Mud Assessment. Surface Cleanup. Photos show debris, stressed No csg. 15' of drill pipe Oumalik Core #2 US Navy/ BLM Low None None Yes vegetation and rock bit left in hole. no data Need HRR, PA, Workplan for SI with Sampling. open csg & other Drilling Mud Assessment. piping sticking out Surface Cleanup. Reports of ground; wood, of debris, drilling muds on metal, concrete Oumalik Core #11 US Na / BLM Low None None Yes surface csg to 9'. debris open csg sticking out of ground; wood & metal Oumalik Core #12 US Na / BLM Low None None No Need HRR, PA, SI no data debris buried by landslide, Need HRR, PA, SI. Well not no data on Sentinel Hill #1 US Na / BLM Low None None Unknown apparent in site photos csg to 30'; underwater status Need HRR, PA, SI. No evidence of sheen, open csg slightly stressed veg, or drilling above ground waste on surface. Veg 37' of csg, drilling fluids level; wood and Simpson Core Test #1 US Navy/ BLM Low None None No appears healthy left in hole metal debris Need HRR, PA, Sl. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste on surface. Veg 76' of csg, drilling fluids Simpson Core Test #2 US Navy/ BLM Low None None No appears healthy left in hole no data Need HRR, PA, SI. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste on surface. Veg 61' of csg, drilling fluids Simpson Core Test #3 US Navy! BLM Low None None No appears healthy left in hole no data Need HRR, PA, SI. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste on surface. Veg —60' of csg, drilling fluids Simpson Core Test #4 US Navy / BLM Low None lNone No appears healthy left in hole no data Need HRR, PA, SI. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste on surface. Veg csg cemented @25'; open csg sticking Simpson Core Test #13 US Navy/ BLM Low None None No lappears healthy ldrillingfluids left in hole out of ground Need HRR, PA, SI. Vegetated, no evidence of �drillingfluids csg cemented @20'; open csg sticking Simpson Core Test #14 JUS Navy/ BLM Low INone lNone lNo release. left in hole lout of ground Page 6 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 7 of 14 vi ence o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR Mrorkgroup Notes Status Status Need HRR, PA, SI. open casing Vegetated, no evidence of csg set shallow, drilling sticking out of Simpson Core Test #14a US Na / BLM Low None None No release. fluids left in hole ground Need HRR, PA, SI. open casing Vegetated, no evidence of csg cemented @18'; sticking out of Simpson Core Test #15 US Na / BLM Low None None No release. drilling fluid left in hole ground . Need HRR, PA, SI. Site photos appear to show oil at surface, from a natural csg @ 350'. Completed in oil seep; seep, also drilling mud in oil well. Open perfs. At wellhead sticking sacks on the tundra. one time capable of up. metal debris Simpson Core Test #26 US Navy/ BLM Medium None None Yes Plugged by BLM in 2004. unassisted flow. and rusting barrels Need HRR, PA, SI. Site photos appear to show oil csg cemented at surface, from a natural @102';drilling fluids on oily ground; csg seep. Plugged by BLM in including diesel and & wellhead stick Simpson Core Test #27 US Navy/ BLM None None None Unknown 2004. crude oil left in hole out of ground Need HRR, PA, Workplan for SI with Sampling. Drilling Mud Assessment. open csg sticking Surface Cleanup. Site out of ground in photos appear to show a wooden cellar; pile of drilling mud about csg @110'; drilling fluids wood & metal Simpson Core Test #28 US Navy/ BLM Low None None Yes 100 feet from the well left in hole debris. Solid waste Need HRR, PA, SI. No evidence of sheen, stressed veg, or drilling waste on surface. Veg csg cemented at 152'; open csg. Wood Simpson Core Test #29 US Na / BLM Low None INone No appears healthy drilling fluids left in hole and metal debris Need HRR, PA, SI. Drilling mud at surface, but well is also in the middle of a large in oil seep; open oil seep and surrounded by csg sticking up; pooled oil. Plugged by BLM csg cemented at150'; wood & metal Simpson Core Test #30 US Navy/ BLM Low None None Yes, see notes in 2004. drilling fluids left in hole debris Need HRR, PA, SI. Well is on oily ground; csg in the middle of a large oil & wellhead stick seep and surrounded by csg cemented at 100'; out of ground, pooled oil. Plugged by BLM drilling mud left in hole; wellhead leaking Simpson Core Test #30a US Navy/ BLM Low None None Yes, see notes in 2004. gas blowout at 423' gas Need HRR, PA, SI. Leaky valve replaced in 2001, little evidence of contamination following valve on oily ground; csg replacement. Plugged by csg cemented at 100'; & wellhead stick Simpson Core Test #31 1 US Navy/ BLM INone INone None IYes,seenotes IBLMin2OO4. 1drilling fluids left in hole lout of ground Page 7 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 8 of 14 BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status Need HRR, PA, Workplan csg cemented at for SI with Sampling. 1028';cement plugs at Drilling Mud Assessment. 6387' and 5520'; fish in Surface Cleanup. Drilling hole; drilling fluids left in No data. Open Simpson Test Well #1 aka US Navy/ BLM Low None None yes muds near wellhead hole casing. Need HRR, PA, Workplan for SI with Sampling. Drilling Mud Assessment. Surface Cleanup. Also Wellhead sticking evidence of a natural seep- above ground, Tar sheens in the summer ST from 2552 to 3018. wood, metal, and months. BLM is concerned csg @2915. Slotted liner concrete debris. Fish Creek #1 US Navy / BLM Medium None None Yes about exposure to wildlife to TD. Completed oil well Rusting barrels Need HRR, PA, Workplan for SI with Sampling. casing cemented at 48'; Drilling Mud Assessment. gas flow and explosion Surface Cleanup. Small gas while drilling at 863'; hole leak in wellhead flange, will filled with fresh water to Wolf Creek #1 US Navy/ BLM Low None None No flow if the valve iso en 330' No data. csg cemented at 53';hole left filled with fresh water; Wolf Creek #2 US Na /BLM Low None None No Need HRR, PA, Sl. fish in hole No data csg cemented at 107'; bridge plugs from 1447 to 1735' and from 554 to Wolf Creek #3 US Navy/ BLM Low None None No Need HRR, PA, SI. 661' No data Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. csg sticking out of Drilling mud assessment. ground with wood Surface Cleanup. Sheen on plug on top; solid surface water in well cellar, csg cemented at 30'; drill waste; wood hundreds of drums indicate pipe, drilling mud and debris; about 200 Skull Cliff Core Test #1 US Na / BLM High None None Yes potential for contamination diesel left in hole rusting barrels Need HRR, PA, SI. Two open csg; wood drums are floating on a building; pylons; pond near the well. csg cemented at 1000'; wood & metal Kaolak #1 US Na / BLM Low None None No Potential for burned landfill. drilling fluids left in hole debris Page 8 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 9 of 14 vi aenceo_--- BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status r Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. open flange @ Surface Cleanup. Drilling Gas well. Open perfs. ground level. Mud pile overgrown with Drilling fluids and Metal & wood Meade #1 US Navy/, BLM Low None None No vegetation and lichen tubulars left in hole debris Need HRR, PA, SI. No evidence of sheen, open casing stressed veg, or drilling csg cemented at 502'; sticking out of waste on surface. Veg plug at 3470 to 3511'; ground. Wood Titaluk #1 US Navy/ BLM Low None None No appears healthy drilling fluids left in hole debris. Open casing below Add to Site list. Need HRR, ground level. PA, SI with sampling. Revegetated. Drilling mud assessment. Numerous metal Surface Cleanup. Debris csg partially cemented at support structures and drilling muds. Stressed 2762'. Plug at 2543'. sticking up. Oumalik #1 US Na / BLM Low None None Yes vegetation Drilling mud left in hole Concrete debris. plate welded to pipe; 1' of pipe csg cemented at 1100'. sticking up. East Oumalik #1 US Na / BLM Low None None No Need HRR, PA, SI. Drilling fluids left in hole Wooden debris. Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. open csg broken Downhole material present csg cemented at 6073'; off and sticking up, at surface, area mostly original hole drilled to wood, metal, revegetated. Diesel still 7154' & junk left; concrete and other occupies the ground sidetrack hole left with debris. rusting To a uruk #1 US Navy/ BLM High None None Yes circulation lines. drilling fluids barrel Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Pile of csg to 1100'; plug at open casing drilling muds is next to the 1049'; drilling mud below sticking up. Wood, celler. No offical reserve pit plug; unknown fluids in metal, and glass East To a oruk #1 US Navy/ BLM Low None None No noted open hole debris. open casing Need HRR, PA, SI. BLM sticking up. Wood, states that there was no metal, and glass Knifeblade #1 US Navy / BLM Low None None No debris at this site in 2012. csg cemented at 420'; debris. Page 9 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 10 of 14 vi ence o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status open casing sticking up. Wood, metal, & concrete debris. rusting Need HRR, PA, SI. Reports barrels. One indicate solid waste csg cemented to 45';fish marked flammable Knifeblade #2 US Navy/ BLM Low None None No (drums) in hole hazard. open casing sticking up; metal & Knifeblade #2a US Navy/ BLM Low None None No Need HRR, PA, SI. csg cemented at 38'; concrete debris Need HRR, PA, SI including leaching assessment. Site partially No wellhead. submerged intermittently csg cemented at 80'; Metal. Solid waste North Simpson Test Well # US Navy/ BLM Low None None No during the summer drilling fluids left in hole ? No data crude wellhead. Need HRR, PA, SI. Surface csg cemented at 685'; Wood and metal Umiat #1 US Navy/ BLM / FUDS Medium Cleanup cory 335.38.001/3090 Yes, see file Cleanup drilling fluids left in hole debris No wellhead. Gravel pad partially csg cemented at 486'; revegetated wood Need HRR, PA, Sl. Surface cement plug from 440 to debris and pipe Umiat #11 US Navy / BLM / FUDS Low pending clos 335.38.001/3083 Yes, see file Cleanup 480'; sticking up csg cemented at 7206'; Wellhead. Gravel various plugs from 8250' pad revegetated ? South Simpson #1 US Navy / BLM Low None None Yes Need HRR, PA, SI. to surface No data Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Large quantities of ferrous oxide, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, and barium sulfate were added to drilling muds. Stains apparent in photos. BLM field camp on site. Walls between the reserve and flare pits have eroded. Wellhead and Water flows into surface gravel pad. ? No Ini ok #1 USGS / BLM I Low lNone lNone lYes lwater durinQ breakup. ino data jdata Page 10 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 11 of 14 �_�_�--..___�- Evidenceof BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR 104orkgroup notes Status Status Need HRR, PA, SI. Surface Cleanup. Photo CIMG0218 csg cemented at 53'; shows area of disturbed tubing hung to 708'; hole open casing vegetation that should be left filled with drilling mud sticking up; wood & Arcon Barrow Core #1 US Na / BLM Low None None Yes investigated during SI and diesel metal debris open casing Need HRR, PA, Sl. Surface csg cemented at 816'; sticking up; wood & Avak #1 US Na / BLM Low None None No Cleanup. plugset at 1348' metal debris Not abandoned, site not cleared, Need HRR, PA, SI. Surface open casing ?? No Barrow Big Rig #1 US Na / BLM None -debris placi None None Unknown Cleanup. no data data Not abandoned, site not cleared, Need HRR, PA, SI. Surface open casing ?? No Barrow Core Rig Test #1 US Na / BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Cleanup. no data data Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Drilling Muds on site -slowly revegetating. Not abandoned, More information on drilling site not cleared, mud specifics is being open casing ??No Barrow Core Rig Test #2 US Navy / BLM Low None None researched no data data Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling. Drilling mud wellhead leaking assessment. Surface cemented csg to gas!! Wood & Cleanup. Cellar does not 1270';slotted liner to metal debris. Area Iko Bay #1 US Navy / BLM - High None None Yes -Report notes retain water 1950'; tbg to 1939' affected 50'x50' Need HRR, PA, S1. Drilling csg cemented at mud assessment. Surface 441';hole left willed with open pipe; metal & South Barrow Test Well #1 US Na /North Slope Boro Low None None unknown Cleanup. On roads stem water concrete debris Need HRR, PA, Sl. Drilling csg cemented at 2260; mud assessment. Surface perforated liner to TD; wood, metal & South Barrow Test Well #2 US Na /North Slope Boro Low None lNone unknown Cleanup. On roads stem tubing. Completed well. concrete debris Need HRR, PA, SI with sampling and workplan. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Drilling csg cemented at 1046'; open csg sticking mud at surface, Sheen on hole left filled with drilling up; wood & metal South Barrow Test Well #31 US Na /North Sloe Borol Medium INone INone IYes I surface water in well cellar Ifluids and water Idebris Page 11 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 12 of 14 BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC SubsurfaceT AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR VVIorkgroup Notes Status Status no data. Likely a� revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hcj None lNone Unknown lNeed HRR, PA, Inot in AOGCC database IMonthly Meeting Page 12 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 13 of 14 IMVICI BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator / RP / Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #/Hazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Notes Status Status no data. Likely =r revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no AP I#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy/ BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting no data. Likely revegetated. Removed from our list of wells of concern in < 50', no csg, no API#, October, 2012 Oumalik Foundation Test A US Navy / BLM None-uncased hc None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, not in AOGCC database Monthly Meeting properly abandoned per then -applicable South Barrow #7 US Na / BLM None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, properly plugged re s no data to support proper Umiat #2 US Na / BLM None Pending Clo 335.38.001/3078 Yes, see file Pluoaed to surface abandonment no data to support proper Umiat #5 US Na / BLM None Pending Clo 335.38.001/3078 Yes, see file Pluqcied to surface abandonment properly plugged and surface site Umiat #9 US Navy / BLM Hi h -PCB deanui Active 335.38.001/3093 Yes, see file abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site Umiat #6 US Na / BLM None Pending Clo 335.38.001/3080 Yes, see file abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site Umiat #7 US Na / BLM None Pending Clo 335.38.001/3091 Yes, see file abandoned remediated Need HRR, PA, Plugged by properly plugged and surface site Ati ant Point #1 USGS / BLM None None None No BLM in 2009. abandoned remediated Page 13 of 14 SPAR Response with Legacy Wells List.xlsx Page 14 of 14 0 vi ence o BLM 2013 Risk Historic AOGCC Subsurface AOGCC Surface Well Name Operator/ RP I Land Mgr Priority CSP Status File #IHazid Release? SPAR Workgroup Motes Status Status Add to Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with workplan and sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. Two large breaches on the south side of the berm allow water out of the reserve pit. Plugged properly plugged and surface site Drew Point #1 USGS / BLM None None lNone Yes by BLM in 2010. abandoned remediated On Site list. Need HRR, PA, SI with workplan and sampling. Drilling mud assessment. Surface Cleanup. In 1976 the reserve pit berm failed and drilling muds/cuttings were released onto the ice of Teshekpuk Lake. Plugged by BLM in 2008. Solid waste from camp and drilling operations buried on northern portion of pad. Erosion has exposed solid properly plugged and surface site East Teshek uk #1 US Navy/ BLM None Active - waiti 300.38.110/2652 Yes, see file waste. abandoned remediated Threatened by erosion. properly plugged and surface site J. W. Dalton #1 USGS / BLM None None None No Plugged by BLM in 2005. abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #8 USAF/BLM None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #11 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #13 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #15 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #19 US Na /North Sloe Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remediated properly plugged and surface site South Barrow #20 US Na /North Slope Boro None None None Unknown Need HRR, PA, abandoned remediated Need HRR, PA, drilling mud assessment, containment assessment, possible releases. Breaches allow water to flow into and out of properly plugged and surface site Walak a #2 1 USGS/ BLM JNone lNone None Yes reserve and flare pits. jabandoned remediated Page 14 of 14 0 Well Ranking Before identifying the risks associated with the legacy wells, the BLM reviewed the list of wells to determine ownership and well status. A break -down of the 136 is as follows: • 39 are uncased core holes that did not penetrate oil and gas zone, have naturally collapsed, and have blended harmlessly into the landscape. • 33 were either transferred to the North Slope Borough through the Barrow Gas Field Act of 1984 or were conveyed to Arctic Slope Regional Corporation. • 20 wells are being used to by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for climatic temperature and permafrost studies (see Appendix B). • 7 wells are plugged (6 at Umiat, Square Lake #1). • 37 wells that require further evaluation. Following the 2003 field season, members of the legacy well team met to determine criteria for evaluating the risks associated with the above mentioned 37 wells and ranking each well based on these risks. For consistency purposes, the group devised a series of questions to assist in the process: • What is the condition of the existing pad and pits? (e.g. any indication of contamination?) • Is there any solid waste (old equipment, piping, barrels, etc.) or potential hazardous material conditions? • Did the hole penetrate known oil or gas stratigraphy? • Did the well have oil or gas shows, and if so, is the well capable of flowing? • Is the well near human activity, and if so are there conditions present that pose a risk to people? • What is the condition of the wellhead? Have there been any previous problems or repair work? Does the well (in its current condition) pose a risk? • What is the surficial condition of the existing pad and pits? Is contamination a possibility? • Does the presence of unplugged wells have the potential to negatively impact anticipated development? Each of the 37 wells are described in the following pages. Descriptions are ordered in terms of the ranked priority based on the above stated criteria and the concerns identified. Umiat Wells The early Navy wells in Umiat rank at the top of the list. Umiat is located on the north bank of the Colville River 60 miles upstream from the village of Nuiqsut. Natural oil seeps were discovered at Umiat by early explorers. This discovery, along with the detection of seeps at Cape Simpson, motivated the U.S. Navy to conduct a drilling program. Umiat and the Simpson Peninsula were the primary exploration targets in the mid to late 1940s. The Umiat seeps are still visible today. Their locations tend to shift over time. The seeps are currently active in Umiat Lake, just off the northeast portion of the airstrip and in a channel of the Colville River. N rP 22 � The 11 Umiat wells were drilled from 1945 to 1952. These wells are a concern for BLM due to their close proximity to human activity. Umiat is not a village, but serves as a camp for seismic crews: Umiat is also the primary hub for recreational activities in eastern NPR -A and western CAMA (Central Arctic Management Area). It has one of the few airstrips on the North Slope maintained year-round and is a popular location for purchasing aircraft fuel (Figure 10). The Uniiat wells all lie within 2 miles of the camp, with the exception of Umiat #1, which is approximately 5 miles to the northwest. After the U.S. Navy completed drilling operations in 1952, the U.S. Air Force assumed custodial responsibility at Umiat and established the 8,000 -acre Figure 10: Umiat is a popular stopping point for Umiat Air Force Station. In June of aircraft. 1955 the Air Force returned the facility to the U.S. Navy. Since Umiat is a Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS), the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (COE) is responsible for the reduction of risk associated with surficial hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste. The COE has conducted extensive surface investigations in the area and has identified contaminants at several locations. Varying levels of barium, petroleum, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) were identified at the wellsites, the landfill, and the nearby slough (U.S. Army COE, 2003). Contamination levels were compared to the Alaska Department of Environmental cleanup standards and were used as a screening level. The COE has conducted site remediation at two well locations, Umiat #2 and #5 (Figure 11), and has plans to continue the surface clean up. To facilitate site remediation, the COE plugged wells #2 and #5 in 2002, but plugging the remainder of the wells is the responsibility of the BLM. Four wells were plugged by the BLM in the Winter/Spring of 2004. After the removal of wellheads #2 and #5, the State of Alaska Historic Preservation Office asked the BLM to leave all existing surface objects (wellheads, tanks, pipes) onsite and intact, because of their potential Figure 11: Umiat #2 and #S prior to removal and remediation. Photo taken August 2001. historic value. The Alaska Heritage Resources Survey (AHRS) included the Umiat wells in an inventory of all reported historic and prehistoric sites within the State of Alaska. This inventory of cultural resources includes objects, structures, buildings, sites, districts, and travel routes generally more than 50 years old. Therefore, the wellheads for the other Umiat wells will be left in place after plugging is completed. 23 • Umiat #9 • Umiat #9 was spudded in June 1951 and completed seven months later in January 1952. The well is cased to a depth of 1,257 feet. The purpose of the well was to determine the western extent of the producing field. It was also the first hole in which oil-based muds were used in the Umiat area. Umiat #9 is located about half mile to the north-northwest of the Seabee pad. The drill hole penetrated several known oil and gas formations; Ninuluk, Chandler, Grandstand and Topagoruk. Hydrocarbon shows were prevalent within both the Grandstand and the Topagoruk formations. Multiple sands were perforated and tested. Production exceeded 217 barrels per day, thus seemingly showing the benefit of using an oil-based mud. However, the muds did Figure 12: Aerial view of Uiniat #9. not allow the different formations to be distinguished. Cement was used in an attempt to "plug back" and isolate individual formations. Samples were taken and sent to a Bureau of Mines lab where the chemical tracer (used during drilling) was measured and the various sandstone samples were examined. This allowed a study of the different lithologies be conducted. The tracer Aroclor used in the well has raised concerns about PCB contamination. However, the well was allowed to flow for seven weeks at 200 barrels per day (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956) prior to shutting it in, possibly purging the potential contaminants. As it stands today, insufficient energy exists in the reservoir for the well to flow to surface and the wellhead has no pressure on it. The well is located within the Northeast planning boundary (see Map 2) on lease AA - 081726. There is some potential for future development to occur in the area within the next 20 years and the well has the potential to leak to surface if development occurs and may adversely affect future development. Surficial wastes around Umiat #9 could present an issue. As was common with early Navy drilling, a gravel pad was not created. Wooden debris exists around the wellhead and there is a pile of drilling muds directly to the north which is void of vegetation (Figure 12). Samples taken by the COE from around the wellhead detected elevated levels of diesel range organics (DRO), residual range organics (RRO) and PCBs (U.S. Army COE, 2003). The wellhead is equipped with two bull plugs, a flange and a 2 '/-inch nipple. There are no fresh water aquifers in the area, but due to potential contaminants downhole and existing contaminants on the surface, the well does pose a risk to human health and the environment in its current condition. Umiat #6 Umiat #6 was spudded August 1950 to test the southern limits of the Urniat anticline. The hole was drilled to a depth of 825 feet. The well was cased to 35 feet and a 42 -foot cement plug was placed on the bottom of the well in order to stop water influx from sands at the base of the permafrost. The well encountered very poor shows in the Killik Tongue (Chandler Formation) and a productive sand in the upper Grandstand Formation. Oil recovered in open -hole pumping tests was produced at rates averaging 53 barrels of oil per day. Insufficient energy exists in the reservoir for the well to flow to surface and there are no fresh water aquifers present. Major caving of the hole occurred and the well was backfilled with mud (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). The well is located within the Northeast planning boundary (see Map 2) on lease AA - 081726. There is some potential for future development to occur in the area within the next 20 years and the well has the potential to leak to surface if development occurs and may adversely affect future development. The well lies about 500 feet to the northwest of a gravel spur road which connects the Colville River to the eastern edge of the Umiat airstrip. The well is located in wet tundra adjacent to an empty 55 -gallon drum. The well is left open with 8 '/8 -inch casing to the surface. It has no gauges, valves or a cover plate. Two thermistor protrude to the surface and rests on the lip of the casing. This well poses no threat to human health or the environment unless development occurs. Umiat #7 Umiat #7 was drilled in 1951 to a depth of 1,384 feet, cased to 1,196 feet 4 and completed as a dry µ, hole. It was the southern „ most well drilled on the <t Umiat anticline. The objective was to further delineate the southern extent of the producing Figure 13: Umiat #7 summer and winter photos. field. The well encountered residual hydrocarbons in the Chandler and Grandstand formations. Oil recovered in bailing tests was so minute that it was measured in gallons. The small amount of crude recovered in each test is indicative of residual oil staining. The sands encountered in Grandstand are downdip of the productive reservoir and are water bearing. Minor gas shows were encountered at 260 feet (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). The well is located within the Northeast planning boundary (see Map 2) on lease AA - 081726. There is some potential for future development to occur in the area within the 25 0 • next 20 years but since the well is located below the oil/water contact it has less potential to be adversely affected or affect future development. The wellhead assembly consists of 7 -inch casing (with collar) clamped inside 11 3/ -inch casing at a total height of 30 inches (Figure 13). Surrounding the open hole is wet tundra with no indication of remaining debris or other surficial issues. The hole poses no threat to humans or the environment. The well location is currently situated on Alaska Dept. of Transportation land that was transferred in 1966, but the well remains the property of the BLM. Additional U7niat Work Umiat has been a site of recent cleanup projects. The cleanup process began in 1994 with the removal of about 1,000 drums, some containing petroleum and transformer oil with PCBs, from the main gravel pad. Another 200 cubic yards of PCB -contaminated soil was removed in 1998 along with 60 cubic yards of lead -contaminated soils. In 2001, 50 cubic yards of PCB soil was excavated with an additional 10 cubic yards removed the following year by the Corps of Engineers (U.S. COE, 2003). J.W. Dalton #1 J.W. Dalton #1 was drilled in 1979 to a depth of 9,367 feet. It is cased down to 8,898 feet and plugged back to 1,530 feet. (Husky Oil NPR Operations for U.S. Geological Survey-J.W. Dalton, 1982). The primary objective of the well was to determine if hydrocarbons were present within the Sadlerochit and Lisburne Groups. Gas shows were encountered in trace amounts in the Ivishak Formation, and the Lisburne and Endicott Group. Poor to good oil shows were discovered in the Ivishak Formation and in the Lisburne Group. A drillstem test of the Lisburne Group recovered 22 barrels of oily water (Gyrc, 1988). This well has been a USGS monitor well since its completion in 1979. Approximately 230 barrels of diesel fuel were placed downhole to act as a neutral medium for collecting wellbore temperatures. In the summer of 2004, warmer temperatures, wind, and wave action eroded 200 feet of the coastline adjacent to the well (Figures 14, 15). This erosion placed the J.W. Dalton #1 well and reserve pit precariously close Figure 14: Photo of J.W. Dalton taken October 26, 2004. Soil cracking is occurring around the wellhead and the north and east side of the cellar is exposed. Figure 15: J.W. Dalton wellhead with pilings. Photo was taken August 2000. 26 • 0 to the edge of the Arctic Ocean. As a result, casing is now exposed to a depth of 15 feet on the present day beach (Figure 16). The top of the diesel is approximately 60 feet below the present beach level. The reserve pit has been breached on the northwest corner from the advancing shoreline (Figure 17). The pit is known to contain chromium, cobalt, zinc, and barium. However, chromium, cobalt and zinc were detected in background levels, due to the east -west water movement into and out of the pit. Barium is a constituent of the drilling muds and is consolidated with other sediments (U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S Figure 16: J.W. Dalton with exposed conductor (left), and rat hole (right). The mouse hole (not pictured) is completely exposed. Geological Survey, 1992). The well is located within the Northeast planning area (see Map 2), on a tract currently closed to leasing. This well is in danger of becoming engulfed by the ocean. The diesel fuel in the well and reserve pit contaminants raises concerns. The concerns can be eliminated by pumping out the diesel, or displacing the diesel with water and adding a bridge plug and cement to close off the hole. The casing would be cut off below surface. The diesel would be disposed of at the nearest Figure 17: Aerial view of the breached reserve pit. facility. If necessary, the reserve pit could be excavated down to remove contaminated soils, which would be placed into Super -Sacks and hauled out by Cat -Train for grinding and injection into a Class II well or other approved disposal site. In its current condition, the well does not pose a threat to humans or the environment, but if the casing were to break in its exposed condition, the diesel fuel would, over time, leak into the ocean. The release of heavy metals from the reserve pit may pose an immediate risk to human health and the environment. The pit was sampled October 26, 2004, and results are pending. 27 west°a A�.f �n 6� t f � 1, 1 j MinN li2 mAson ; peon p�sn mpson #13 l East &im,#15 Si- t i Impson 014 & 14A e �< impson#31 oS ntw �. i"01 #30 & 30A Opsl Sinvson #1 Map i crato, SO4M Simpson a Figure 18: Simpson Peninsula showing well locations. Simpson Core Test #26 Simpson Core Test #26 was drilled in the middle of one of the larger, active oil seeps in NPR -A (Figure 19). The Navy described this location as Seep 3. The hole reached a total depth of 1,171 feet and was cased to 350 feet. The well encountered one very poor gas show and one productive oil sand in the Ninuluk/Seabee undifferentiated formation. In production tests, the well flowed at rates averaging 110 barrels of oil per day (Robinson and Brewer, 1964). Other formations encountered include the Gubik, Seabee, and Grandstand Formations. Gas bubbles have been observed around the base of the casing since the 2000 field season. Bob Burruss of the USGS, sampled and analyzed gas from Simpson Core #27 which is part of the same oil field, located less than half mile to the east. His findings showed the gas to be biogenic methane indicating that microbial alteration (breakdowns) of the hydrocarbons has generated the gas. Additionally, oil sampled in the well was extremely biodegraded. Simpson Figure 19: The wellhead is located in the center of Core #26 has a wellhead flanged to the the photo. The green color liquid defines the area of active seepage. The orange color is oil -eating casing, a 2 -inch line pipe, and four bacteria. wing valves and will likely flow oil if M the valves are opened. Access to the wellhead is limited by the depth of oily -water surrounding its base (Figure 20). There are no concerns with contaminating fresh water aquifers if the well is left unplugged, but the well could potentially flow oil and cause damage to surface resources if the well equipment corrodes or, through human intervention, the well is opened or damaged. The well is located within the Northwest planning boundary (see Map 2). The tract was recently leased, receiving a high bid of $7.51 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since any development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. The area around the wellhead looks to have been bulldozed in an attempt to collect the seeping Figure 20: Simpson Core #26 drilled in the middle of an oil. The scraped -up earth was oil seep. Depth of the oily -water prohibits access to the then used to build berms around wellhead. the depression. Light amounts of trash appear to have been buried in these berms. The Navy cleaned up the site in the late 70s, removing most of the drums and other debris, but solid wastes, including half barrels and other drums can be found in the wet tar that fills the depression. Simpson Core Test #31 Simpson Core Test #31 is a shallow core test drilled in 1951 to a depth of 355 feet and cased to 101 feet. The objective of drilling was to collect a core to view the material at the bottom of the seep. The well does not meet standard oil and gas exploration well definitions. The casing is not cemented in place and the well is probably not capable of holding substantial pressure. The well encountered a few sands with shows and one productive sand in the Ninuluk/Seabee undifferentiated formation. In 65 hours of testing, this zone flowed oil to the surface at rates averaging 125 barrels and 2,000 - Figure 21: Simpson Core #31 is located within an 4,000 cubic feet of gas per day. active oil seep. Flowing pressure was measured at 60 29 r 0 psi. The well also penetrated the Gubik and Seabee Formations, which were unproductive (Robinson and Brewer, 1964). The well is located within the Northwest planning boundary (see Map 2). The tract was recently leased and received a high bid of $7.51 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since any development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. A drilling pad does not exist as the well was drilled in an active oil seep, which remains active today (Figure 21). The Simpson Peninsula contains few permanent settlements, but a multitude of summer camps. The well had been a source of fuel for the inhabitants as evidenced by a 10 -foot extension pipe hooked up to the wing valve. The extension allowed for the oil to flow down the pipe and collect in a bucket. In 2000, BLM learned that oil was seeping out of a corroded swedge on the wellhead. The potential harm was mitigated by the fact oil was seeping into a natural oil seep. In June 2001, BLM spent $35,000 to remove the old wellhead and install a new master valve and needle valve. Oil and gas samples were taken by the USGS prior to the replacement. There are no fresh water aquifers in the well so there are no risks to sub -surface resources but there are risks to surface resources if the well is left unplugged. Oil will flow to surface if the wellhead or casing corrodes or if the well is left open. There are no solid wastes or hazardous materials (besides the natural oil) that would present a concern or pose a risk to the health and safety of the land and people. Simpson Core Test #30A Simpson Core Test #30A is an oil well drilled in 1951 to a depth of 693 feet and cased to 152 feet. The well encountered some very poor gas shows and one productive sand in the Ninuluk/Seabee undifferentiated formation. The well was bailed and averaged oil rates of 6 barrels per day during bailing tests (Robinson and Brewer, 1964). The well is located within the Northwest planning boundary (see Map 2). The tract was recently leased and received a high bid of $7.51 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since any development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. The wellhead consists of casing swedge, a nipple, and a brass gate valve and will flow oil to surface if the valve is opened. There are no sub -surface fresh water aquifers at risk. However, if the well is left unplugged it could pose a risk to surface resources. In its current state, oil could flow to surface if the well is damaged, corroded, or the valves are opened. Additionally, concerns have been raised regarding the bubbling around the base of the casing. When the valve is opened, the bubbling subsides. This indicates a small leak around the base of the casing or through a hole in the casing. The gas was sampled by the USGS and has been identified as reservoir -produced biogenic gas. While the well does pose a risk, it is mitigated by the fact that the well is drilled in an active, natural oil seep. 9M CJ Simpson Core Test #30 0 Simpson Core Tests #30 and #30A were drilled about 100 feet apart in the same oil seep. The seep is part of the same regime that contains Cores #26 and #27. These wells were drilled to gain an understanding of the producing field limits and to help detennine underlying structure. Simpson Core #30 is an oil well drilled in 1951 to a depth of 1,500 feet. No plugs were set and the well was cased to 102 ft. The hole encountered the same formations as Cores #26 and #27; Gubik, Seabee, undifferentiated Ninuluk/Seabee, and the Grandstand with a few poor gas shows and one productive sand in the Ninuluk/Seabee undifferentiated formation. Poor oil shows were also noted in the deeper Grandstand Formation. During production tests of the shallow oil sand the well was bailed at rates averaging 5 barrels of oil per day (Robinson and Brewer, 1964). Figure 22: Light trash is present in the seep between Cores #30 and #30A. The well is located within the Northwest planning boundary (see Map 2). The tract was recently leased and received a high bid of $7.51 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since any development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. The well was left with sheared, open casing above ground. Even though the well produced oil 50 years ago, it is static today. This suggests the hole has collapsed below the shallow casing. There are no fresh water aquifers in the well, however, since the well was drilled to a reservoir with sufficient energy to flow oil to surface, the well should probably be considered a risk if left unplugged. This well would probably be plugged by placing a 100 foot surface plug downhole to eliminate risks to surface resources. The potential risk is alleviated by the fact that the well is drilled in an active, natural oil seep. There is no drill pad as the Navy drilled within the seep and camped on the tundra. Some light trash is present in the seep between the Core #30 and Core #30A, which may prove difficult to clean (Figure 22). The well lies three tenths of a mile from both Core #26 and #27 (Figure 18). Simpson Core Test #27 Simpson Core Test #27 is an oil well that was spudded February 1951 and completed one month later. Total depth of the well is 1,500 feet, with casing down to 102 feet. Oil was encountered at a depth of 380 feet and was bailed at a rate of 3 barrels per day. The core test encountered the same formations as Simpson Core Test #26, with a few very poor gas shows and one productive oil bearing sand in the Ninuluk/Seabee undifferentiated formation. Oil-based muds were used from the drilling depth of 325 to 661 feet. At that point the oil was displaced and the drilling crew resumed using water based muds. 31 r� u Figure 23: There is no surface debris present at Simpson Core #27. 0 Additional crude was added downhole at a depth of 1,320 feet. The drill pipe was stuck and the two front derrick legs collapsed below the four -foot extension in an effort to free the pipe. The drilling muds in place were re -circulated during the repair process. In an attempt to free the pipe, 73 barrels of crude and 23 barrels of diesel were used to replace the muds and the pipe was worked free. The oil was gradually replaced by mud as the drilling continued, however, some oil remained in the hole after completion. The crude used downhole came from Simpson Core Test #26 (Robinson and Brewer, 1964). There are no fresh water aquifers in the well so there are no risks to sub -surface resources but there are risks to surface resources if the well is left unplugged. Oil could flow to surface if the well equipment corrodes, the well is damaged, or left open. This potential risk is mitigated by the fact that the well is drilled in an inactive, natural oil seep. The well is located within the Northwest planning boundary (see Map 2). The tract was recently leased and received a high bid of $7.51 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since any development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. There is no existing pad. The wellhead consists of 8 5/8 -inch casing, a flange and a brass gate valve. The casing was set in a small inactive oil seep. It will flow oil to surface if opened. There is no surface debris present at Core #27 (Figure 23). The well poses little threat to human health and the immediate environment around it in its current condition. Simpson Core Test #29 Simpson Core Test #29 is a dry hole drilled in 1950 to a depth of 700 feet and cased to 152 feet. The purpose of the well was to determine the limits of the producing field encountered at Core #26. A very poor oil show was identified in the Seabee Formation. The productive sand present in the other Simpson Cores does not exist in this well. The test hole also penetrated the Gubik and Grandstand Formations. No oil was recovered from this well (Robinson and Brewer, 1964). The well is grouped higher on the priority list due to its close approximation to Simpson Cores #26, #27, #30 and #30A (Figure 18). The well is located within the Northwest planning boundary (see Map 2). The tract was recently leased and received a high bid of $7.51 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development if left unplugged since any development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. The well was left with 8 '/2 -inch casing, open to the atmosphere at a height of 6 inches. Thermistor cables protrude from the casing. It is located in a four-by-four foot wooden 32 cellar filled with water. A drilling pad was never established. There is some light trash around the wellhead including drill pipe, and various sized wooden scraps. A small barrel pump and other small debris can be seen in the casing and within the cellar (Figure 24). This well poses no threat to the human population or the environment. Umiat #1 Figure 24: Simpson Core #29 Umiat #1 was spud in 1945, and completed in 1946. Total depth reached was 6,005 feet and the well was cased to 685 feet. The well encountered residual hydrocarbons and a few poor gas shows in the Seabee, Ninuluk, Chandler, Grandstand, and Topagoruk Formations. The sands of the Grandstand were outside the productive area encountered by other Umiat wells, which are located five miles to the east. Oil recovered in bailing tests was so minute that it was measured in pints and officially recorded as a trace. Lab tests determined the oil to be of a different type of crude oil than that found in the productive Umiat wells (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). The small amount of crude recovered in each test is indicative of residual oil staining. No fresh water aquifers exist in the Umiat area, so this well poses no threat to sub -surface water resources. There is no pressure on the wellhead and it is fitted with a blind plate, a 2 -inch nipple and a brass gate valve (Figure 25). The well is located on an unleased tract at the crest of a hill that divides the north and south forks of Seabee Creek. Future development is unlikely because of its location outside the Umiat structure. Left unplugged, the well poses no threat to the environment and has no potential to adversely affect future development. The surficial landscape is dominated by willows with the exception of three piles of drilling muds that are located to the east and north of the wellhead. Vegetation is absent on the slick, clay - type material. The COE tested the piles and found them to be contaminated with barium, Figure 25: Umiat #1 is located about 5 which is not surprising given that barite is a miles from the Umiat airstrip. common drilling fluid component. Through sampling, the COE determined the barium has not migrated down the hill and poses no danger to the Seabee Creek drainage (Ecology and Environment, 1999). There is no 33 indication of stressed vegetation down -gradient from the drill muds. Additionally, solid waste in the form of steel framing and scrap metal are near the wellhead. The solid wastes pose no threat but are unsightly. Umiat #11 Umiat #11 was spud June 1952 and completed two months later. The well reached a total depth of 3,303 feet with 486 feet cased. One cement plug was placed at 440 feet. The objective was to test production possibilities of the Grandstand Formation on a fault that parallels the Umiat anticline. The well encountered residual hydrocarbons in the Seabee, Ninuluk, and Grandstand Formations but no oil or gas was recovered during production tests. The sands of the Grandstand were outside the productive area encountered by other Umiat wells, which are over one mile to the south. The well is located within the Northeast planning boundary (see Map 2). The tract is located on lease AA -084141 but there is little possibility of the well interfering with future development due to its location outside the Umiat structure. The well was drilled in the alluvial plain of Bearpaw Creek, 0.6 miles from Umiat #8. A drilling pad was never created as operations consisted of mounting the drill rig on a sled and then placing it on top of large timbers that were secured to pilings (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). A pile of unvegetated drilling muds is present 30 feet west of the wellhead in between the wellhead and the creek. The wellhead consists of a 10 3/ -inch open-ended casing with a collar sticking up inside a 30 -inch conductor that is filled with water. Minor wood debris can be found around the wellhead. The well poses no risk if left unplugged. Wolf Creek Area Three test wells were drilled in the Wolf Creek area. The wells were drilled in the early 1950s with the intent of testing the northwest -trending Wolf Creek anticline structure. Wolf Creek #1 and #3 (Figure 26) are located at the crest of a hill with about 250 feet of relief from the valley. Wolf Creek #2 is located about one and one- third miles north within the Wolf Creek valley. Wolf Creek #2 and #3 are open holes but Wolf Creek #1 is equipped with a wellhead. Figure 26: Wolf Creek #1 after adding a new ball valve to the wellhead. August 2004. Wolf Creek #1 Wolf Creek #1 is a gas well drilled in 1951 to 1,500 feet and cased to 48 feet. The well encountered very poor gas shows in the Killik Tongue and productive sands in the Grandstand Formation. The well produced at rates up to 881 MCFPD in open hole tests 34 0 of the Grandstand. The well is equipped with a blind plate, a 2 -inch nipple and a brass gate valve (Figure 26). There is a small gas leak in the threaded wellhead flange and, if the valve is opened, the well will flow about 10 MCFPD but the pressure is so low it does not register on a gauge. In its current condition, the well does not appear to pose a risk to surface or sub- surface resources. The drill pad is shared with Wolf Creek #3. Throughout the pad, there are some wooden pilings, metal anchors and scrap metal. The scraps should not be considered hazardous in this remote region. The leaking gas is of minor concern, however given the weak gas pressure and remote location; the overall risk is very minimal. Wolf Creek #2 Wolf Creek #2 is a dry hole. The well was drilled in 1951 to 1,618 feet and cased to 53 feet. It is located roughly 1 miles north of the other- Wolf Creek test wells. The purpose of drilling was to determine if the gas -bearing sandstone beds previously encountered in Wolf Creek #1 would contain any oil. The records indicate a very poor- gas show was encountered in the Killik Tongue but no oil or gas was recovered in production tests (Collins and Bergquist, 1959). The hole also penetrated the Seabee, Ninuluk, Chandler, and Grandstand Formations. Figure 27: Wolf Creek #2 had casing cut off at ground level. The well is located on an unleased tract within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2). No offers were received in the June 2004 lease sale for the tract and near-term development is unlikely. The wellhead consists of a plate welded onto the 11 3/ -inch casing cut off at ground level (Figure 27). There is no existing drill pad. Solid wastes consist of a few empty 55 -gallon drums upstream along the upper floodplain of the creek. The well poses no threat to surface or sub -surface resources and has no potential to adversely affect future development. Wolf Creek #3 Wolf Creek #3 is a gas well. The well was drilled in 1952 to a depth of 3,760 feet and cased to 625 feet. It is deeper than the other two Wolf Creek wells because its primary purpose was to test the Grandstand Formation (the producing formation around Umiat, 35 miles to the west). The Grandstand Formation produced from four different sands. In 35 open hole flow tests of the well produced at rates up to 445 MCFPD. The gas appeared to be sufficient to supply a small camp, but not of commercial proportions (Collins and Bergquist, 1959). Two plugs were set in the well above the Grandstand Formation. The top of the shallowest plug is inside the casing at 554 feet. In addition to the Grandstand, the hole penetrated the Ninuluk, Chandler, and Topagoruk Formations. Upon abandonment, the hole was filled with oil-based drilling inuds and left open to the environment. A total of 103 barrels of crude were used. The well is located on an unleased tract within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2). No offers were received in the June 2004 lease sale for the tract and near-term development is unlikely. The well poses no threat to surface or sub -surface resources and has no potential to adversely affect future development. The drill pad is shared with Wolf Creek #1. There is some minor debris at the site as noted in the Wolf Creek #1 description. The wellhead was cut off six inches from the ground surface. This allows seasonal precipitation to accrue in the hole and spill over the sides, but the well poses no threat to surface or sub -surface resources and has no potential to adversely affect future development. Fish Creek #1 Fish Creek #1 was drilled by the Navy in 1949 near an oil seep. Total depth of the well was 7,020 feet. The well was plugged back to approximately 2,550 feet, drilled to a new total depth of 3,018 feet and cased to 3,017 feet. The well was drilled to test a large gravity anomaly that suggested the possible presence of petroleum -bearing rocks and some structural anomaly that might be a trap for oil. Very poor oil shows were identified in the Topagoruk Formation at depths from 5,550 - 6,000 feet and a productive sand was reported at 3,000 feet. The well is not a flowing well but was pump -tested at rates averaging 12 barrels of oil per day through a gravel -packed completion. It also produced a small amount of methane gas. The hole encountered the Gubik, Shrader Bluff, Tuluvak, and Seabee Formations. gro 0 9 producing by 2008. Given the low level of risk, the plugging of this well should be postponed until infrastructure is established. Surficially, there are still some solid wastes present. The drilling pad and cellar construction consists of concrete reinforced with steel matting. The concrete, matting, and pilings are still in place today, albeit heaved by pennafrost (Figure 28). Several 55 - gallon trash drums filled with debris are located off the concrete pad. Other light debris is also present within 500 feet of the pad. The oil seep is located about 1.5 miles to the southwest of the well site and is inactive. The USGS 305-I reports the dimension of the seep as being 6' x 20' (Florence and Brewer, 1964), however, BLM personnel located the seep in 2001 and noted its dimension to be 3' x 6'. Simpson Core Test #28 Simpson Core Test #28 was drilled in September 1950 to a total depth of 2,505 feet and cased to 110 feet. Despite the depth, the hole did not encounter any hydrocarbon shows. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $21.51 per acre during the lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since the well did not penetrate productive zones and future development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. A drill pad does not exist, however a large area of disturbance is visible. The wellhead consists of open casing inside a wooden cellar. There is considerable solid waste near the well. These include: numerous metal pilings, drill pipe, large wood fragments (spool, plywood, timbers), and some partially crushed drums. The solid wastes are unsightly, but pose no threat to humans or the environment. Simpson Core Test #13 Simpson Core Test #13 was drilled in the summer of 1949. It was a relatively shallow test and did not generate any significant oil or gas shows. The well encountered residual hydrocarbons in the Seabee and Grandstand Formations at depths of 1,079 - 1,084 and 1,138 - 1,148 feet (Robinson and Brewer, 1964). No oil or gas was recovered during production tests. The well is over three miles north of the Simpson Core wells that penetrated productive Grandstand sands. Total depth of the well reached 1,438 feet. The top 26 feet are cased and the hole was filled with water-based drilling mud. Fresh water aquifers were not encountered. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $21.51 per acre during the lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since the well did not penetrate productive zones and future development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. 37 A drilling pad does not exist. Seven-inch casing was cut off at ground level and is very difficult to locate. The well is open to the atmosphere. There is no solid waste, nor is there anything hazardous regarding this location. It should not be considered a risk to surface or sub -surface resources. Simpson Core Test #15 Simpson Core Test #15 was drilled in August 1949 near an active oil seep. The well was drilled to a total depth of 900 feet and cased to 18 feet. The well encountered only residual hydrocarbons in the Ninuluk/Seabee and Grandstand Formations (Robinson and Brewer, 1964). No oil or gas was recovered during well tests. Additionally, fresh water aquifers were not encountered. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $21.51 per acre during the lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since the well did not penetrate productive zones and future development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. There is no existing pad. The well was drilled about '/8 of a mile north of a natural seep. The well consists of open ended casing with a height of 18 inches (Figure 29). The area is clean with no solid waste. This well poses no risks to the environment or human activities. Simpson Core Test #14 Simpson Core Test #14 was drilled in 1949 to a depth of 290 feet. The records do not clearly state how much casing was run but the well was left with casing above ground open to the atmosphere. Its present day location lies within 1000 feet to the west of an active oil seep. The well was not drilled deep enough to encounter the hydrocarbon stained sands evident in the Simpson Core #14A well. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $21.51 per acre during the lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development in the area is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years. This shallow well did not penetrate any hydrocarbon bearing zones and poses no risk to surface or sub- surface resources, nor does it have the potential to adversely impact future development. W. 0 0 Simpson Core Test #14A Simpson Core #14A was drilled in 1949 to a depth of 1,270 feet and casing was set to a depth of 32 feet. The well encountered only residual hydrocarbons in the Ninuluk/Seabee and Grandstand Formations. No oil or gas was recovered during tests (Robinson and Brewer, 1964) and fresh water aquifers are not present. Present day location of the well is approximately 1000 feet to the west of an active oil seep. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $21.51 per acre during the lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since the well did not penetrate productive zones and future development will likely target deeper, more productive formations. East Simpson #2 East Simpson #2 was drilled in 1977 to 7,505 feet and cased to 6,427 feet. Five cement plugs were set, with the top of the shallowest plug set at 1,997 feet. The primary objective of the well was to test the Ivishak Sandstone where it onlaps the Pre -Devonian age basement rock (Husky Oil NPR Operations for U.S. Geological Survey, 1982). Small scale faulting was found between the wells in the area, possibly accounting for the thin section representing the Sadlerochit Formation. The well encountered very poor oil shows at 6,000 feet in the Torok Formation and Endicott age sandstones were cored with poor porosity and dead oil shows. The well is officially listed as a dry hole. Upon completion of the production tests, the well was plugged back to 1,997 feet and filled with approximately 280 barrels of diesel to facilitate permafrost temperature measurements. However with East Simpson #1 less than five miles away, the USGS has no plans to use this well for temperature monitoring. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $21.51 per acre during the lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this 39 well will have an adverse impact on development. If this exploration and development establishes infrastructure nearby, it would greatly facilitate plugging this well and significantly reduce costs. Figure 31: East Simpson #2 is partially submerged during the spring thaw. Photo taken June 2003. Kaolak #1 The wellhead consists of a casing head, side gate valve, a master gate valve, and a needle valve. The drilling pad is of the thin pad variety and is slowly being reclaimed by natural processes. Exposed pilings stick up a height of two feet from the surface, but no other objects needing removal are present (Figure 31). The cellar is a wooden 12' x 12' with standing water. With the existing plugs and the static condition of the well, there is no risk to surface or sub -surface resources. The well is located on an unleased tract, in Southern NPR -A (see Map 2) where a lease sale is scheduled for 2008. Exploration and development in the area is a possibility within 40 0 • the next 20 years, but since this well did not penetrate productive oil and gas zones it will not have an adverse impact. There are no major surface issues. The working area is still visible due to a multitude of wooden pilings around the wellhead and a cabin on the north end of the pad (Figure 32). Off the pad, the area is clean. The wellhead is missing its upper components. All that remains is the top flange above the base plate and the casing spool, leaving 11 3/ -inch casing open to the enviromnent. The well is left with a casing head and is open to atmosphere. The wellsite is 45 miles southwest Wainwright, which is the nearest community. There are no hazardous materials or anything that would pose a risk to the general health and safety of the land. The cabin may be a concern, but dealing with the situation is outside the scope of this report. Meade #1 Meade #1 is a gas well drilled to a depth of 5,305 feet in 1950. The well was cased to 2,785 feet and two cement plugs were set, with the top of the shallowest plug tagged at 2,783 feet inside the casing. The well encountered some gas shows in one productive sand within the Grandstand Formation. The gas tested at rates up to 1.1 MMCFPD during openhole flow tests of the sand at 2,949 - 2,969 feet. The well is estimated to have gas reserves of 10 BCF. Gas pockets are relatively common in this portion of NPR -A due in large part to the underlying coal. At one point while conducting tests, some problems were encountered while attempting to pull a testing tool out of the hole; a ball -peen hammer was inadvertently dropped downhole, causing the tubing to stick. The tubing could not be freed and as a result, it twisted off leaving tubing in the hole. When the lost tubing could not be pulled out, heavy muds were pumped downhole and the well was abandoned (Collins and Bergquist, 1958). The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2). The well is adjacent to a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $10.26 per acre during the 2004 lease sale. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years and has the potential to target the Grandstand Formation. If left unplugged the well has no potential to adversely affect future development. There is no pad present at Meade #1 Figure 33: Meade #1 wellhead. Several pilings and light trash are present, but s at ground level and consists of an open flange bolted to the top of the casing (Figure 33). This differs from the Navy reports that indicate the wellhead was abandoned in place. There is no record as to why it was removed. A BLM field crew bailed the hole and discovered a swedge and 2 -inch needle valve junked downhole. This site is very remote (30 miles south of Atqasuk) and since the gas zones are currently isolated below the cement plugs there is a limited risk of adverse impacts to surface or sub -surface resources. 41 is Titaluk #1 Titaluk #1 was drilled in 1951 to a depth of 4,020 feet and is a dry hole. The well was drilled on the end of an anticline to test the oil and gas potential of formations within the Nanushuk Group. A few very poor oil and gas shows were encountered in the Grandstand and Topagoruk Formations, but no oil or gas was recovered during multiple production tests. The Ninuluk and Chandler Formations were also encountered, but with no shows. One cement plug was set at 3,471 feet. The placement of this plug is curious since the shows (albeit poor) were reportedly discovered above this level (Robinson and Bergquist, 1959). The well remains in a static condition. Titaluk #I is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on an unleased tract. No offers were received in the June 2004 lease sale. Near-term development is unlikely. Surficially, there are no concerns with this well. The well is open, 10 3/ - inch casing above ground to a height of 3 feet. It is open to the atmosphere. The area of disturbance is Figure 34: Titaluk #i wellhead with wooden cellar. completely revegetatedwith no solid waste concerns. The wooden cellar is in a state of disrepair and filled with water (Figure 34). The site is clean with very little debris. There are no hazardous conditions associated with the surface. The nearest settlement is Umiat, 60 miles to the east. The well poses no risks to human safety or the environment. Skull Cliff Core Test #1 Skull Cliff Core Test #1 was drilled in 1947 to a depth of 779 feet and is a dry hole. No shows of oil or gas were reported while drilling through the Gubik, Grandstand, and Topagoruk Formations. While drilling to the target depth of 1,500 feet, the drillstring was lost in the hole and fishing attempts were unsuccessful in recovering the lost drillstring. The drilling mud was bailed down to the top of the fish and the remainder of the well was filled with diesel to 54 feet to prevent the wellbore from freezing and facilitate downhole temperature measurements. It is plausible that the casing could corrode and the diesel fuel could seep into the sub -surface strata, but since there are no fresh water zones in the well it is not considered a risk that would adversely impact sub -surface resources (Collins and Brewer, 1961). The well is located within the Northeast planning area (see Map 2). The well lies adjacent to a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $10.77 per acre during the 2004 lease sale. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it 42 0 0 is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since industry will likely target deeper, productive formations. An oil seep located at the base of Skull Cliff (land/ocean contact) was observed and documented in the 1940s, which influenced the Navy's decision to drill. BLM and USGS crews searched for the seep when they were in the area but nothing was found at the cliff/beach contact. However, another seep was reported in 1996 by a group from the Academy of Natural Sciences in a small gully about a mile to the east near the old radio tower site. This seep was never confirmed by BLM. Surficially, a drill pad was never established, but a large area of activity is defined by roughly 200 drums, metal tracks, wood debris and various other scraps that litter the site (Figure 35). Presently, the well consists of open casing with a wooden plug shoved into it. There does not appear to be any stressed vegetation that might indicate a hazardous situation. Since the well did not encounter oil and gas Figure 35: Solid waste primarily in the form of empty formations and has no pressure at drums litter the area around Skull Cliff Core Test. The the surface, it is not considered a Wellhead is in the upper left portion of the photo. risk to surface resources. The only potential risk is that this site lies near a popular winter route between Barrow and Wainwright and it is possible for a snowmachine to impact the solid waste. Barrow is approximately 30 miles to the northeast and Wainwright is about 60 miles to the west. Oumalik #1 Oumalik #1 was drilled in 1950 and is a dry hole. The well was drilled to a total depth of 11,872 feet and cased to 2,762 feet. It is the deepest well drilled by the early U.S. Navy program. The well location was positioned on the apex of the Oumalik Anticline and drilled with the intent of revealing the oil, gas, and water content of the penetrated stratigraphy. Two cement plugs were set, the shallowest of which is inside the casing at 2,543 feet. Very poor oil and gas shows were reported in the Grandstand Formation, and poor gas shows were noted in both the Topagoruk and Oumalik Formations. Small undetermined volumes of gas were recovered during multiple production tests. It is believed that the gas encountered was large enough to furnish fuel to a camp but not large enough to become a commercial producer. The gas encountered during drilling showed high gas pressure, but the sandstones in which they were observed are thin with low porosity (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). The gas zones are currently isolated by the cement plugs and pose no risk to sub -surface resources. The wellhead and a fabricated plate are below ground level. Two 2 '/2 -inch nipples open to the atmosphere are above ground to allow thermistor cables to be run into the well. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on unleased tract that received no bids during the lease sale of 2004. Near-term development is unlikely. If left 43 0 0 unplugged, the well has no potential to adversely affect future development. The existing pad contains piping from a ground refrigeration system similar to Topagoruk #1. The ground in this area is somewhat swampy with high susceptibility to permafrost melt. Circulating cooled diesel fuel in the pipes enabled drilling to occur without thawing the ground. The steel pilings were pulled from the ground to be reused at another site (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). However, steel pipe filled with diesel fuel remains. A 6 - inch circumference of stressed vegetation was noted around several of the low-cut pipes. Despite the diesel, the well does not pose a risk to any existing communities or habitation. It is in a remote location approximately 55 miles southeast of Atqasuk. Overall, the well poses no risk to people or the environment. East Oumalik #1 East Oumalik #1 was drilled on a ridge that overlooks an unnamed tributary of the Oumalik River. Topographic relief is approximately 100 feet. The drill site is highly remote as the nearest village (Atgasuk) is 65 miles away. The well was drilled in 1951 and reached a total depth of 6,035 feet and is cased to 1,100 feet. It is a dry hole. Very poor oil and gas shows were reported in the Grandstand Formation and very poor gas shows were reported in Topagoruk Formation. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on an unleased tract that received no bids during the lease sale of 2004. It is unlikely that exploration and development will occur in the vicinity of this well in the near future. If left unplugged, the well has no potential to adversely affect future development. The well was left with open casing below ground level and has thermistor cables protruding from inside the casing. The casing is marked by a 7 -foot, 3/ -inch pipe. The open pipe lies within a water -filled cellar. The standing water has produced numerous algae and other aquatic vegetation obscuring the wellbore. Surficial hazards consist of several 10 -foot timbers and a few 4 -foot pipes (probably rig anchors) sticking up out of the ground. The site is mostly overgrown with shrubs and appears to be relatively clean. The airstrip, incoming, and outgoing trail scars are obvious and can be used to navigate to the wellsite. There are no risks associated with the well in its current condition and was given this ranking due to its close proximity to Oumalik #1. Topagoruk #1 Topagoruk #1 was drilled in 1951 to a depth of 7,154 feet and is a dry hole. The intent was to test a small, buried anticline and the various formations associated with it. The well was cased to 6,073 feet, plugged back to 6,175 feet and then drilled to a new total depth of 10,503 feet. Prior to re -drilling to total depth, approximately 250 barrels of crude oil from Cape Simpson were added downhole to help offset lost circulation and caving. Additionally, 20 barrels of diesel were added downhole during the drilling phase. No plugs exist in this well. The well is left with open casing to the surface and thermistor cables protruding from the casing (Figure 36). The well encountered the following stratigraphic units while drilling; Gubik, Grandstand, Topagoruk, and Oumalik Formations, Middle and Upper Jurassic rocks, Shublik Formation (Triassic age), Permian rocks, and Lower -Middle Devonian rocks. Hydrocarbon shows were limited to a few very poor gas shows in the Oumalik Formation. No oil or gas was recovered during 44 r multiple production tests (Collins and Bergquist, 1958). The well penetrated no fresh water aquifers and does not represent a threat to surface or sub- surface resources. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2). It is adjacent to a recently leased tract, receiving a high bid of $50.00 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development in the area is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but since this well did not penetrate productive oil and gas zones it will not have an adverse impact. There is not a visible pad, but rather an area of disturbance. Disturbance stretches 1/4 mile in an Figure 36: Topagoruk #1 casing on its east -west direction and '/8 of a mile in a north- side. When the casing was pulled out of south direction. Solid wastes exist in the form of the ground, thermistor cables were piping remaining from a refrigeration system that discovered. circulated diesel to keep the permafrost frozen. A potential hazard exists because diesel still occupies the ground circulation lines. These lines stretch approximately 750 feet to the east, 250 feet to the north, and 100 feet to the south from the wellhead. Other debris on site include some large, partially -burned timbers, a water -filled wooden box (Figure 37) that resembles a cellar (1/4 mile east of the wellhead), and drilling muds. Atqasuk is the closest village approximately 30 miles to the southwest. The well is remote with the exception of a subsistence camp approximately one mile southwest of the wellhead along the Topagoruk River. C� J Figure 37: Drilling muds and a wooden box that resembles a cellar are located about '14 mile east of the wellhead. East Topagoruk #1 Topagoruk's wellhead consists of an open hole cut off at the ground surface with several thermistor cables. A thin piece of weathered metal fits around the cut-off casing to resemble a marker. The weathered metal has been smashed at the base and now lies bent in half on its side. Overall this site poses little hazard to the environment or human population. East Topagoruk #1 was drilled on top of a small ridge in the Chipp River delta in 1951. It reached a total depth of 3,589 feet and is cased to 1,100 feet. The purpose of the well was to test an anticline with closure as well as test the fluid content of the permeable Cretaceous sandstone (Collins and Bergquist, 1958). A very poor gas show in the Topagoruk Formation is the only reported hydrocarbons encountered in the well and no oil or gas was recovered during multiple production tests. One cement plug was set in the 0 well at 1,049 feet. 0 The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract. The tract receiving a high bid of $84.99 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development in the vicinity of this well is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since the well did not penetrate productive zones and future development will likely target deeper formations. A drill pad does not exist. There are a few rig anchors near the wellhead, but no other surficial debris. The current state of the wellhead is open-ended 10 3/ -inch casing. Casing height is three feet above the ground surface. It is housed in a small 9' x 9' water -filled cellar. The area is remote and poses no health and safety risks to humans or the environment. Knifeblade Wells There were three shallow test wells drilled in the Knifeblade Ridge area. Knifeblade #1 was drilled on the ridge at the head of a small stream, with wells 2 and 2A drilled about a mile downstream. The wells are in a highly remote location with Umiat being the nearest settlement, 65 miles to the east. Knifeblade #1 Knifeblade #1 is a dry hole drilled in 1951. The well was drilled to a depth of 1,805 feet and cased to 1,211 feet. The purpose of the well was to test the oil and gas properties of the Grandstand and Tuktu Formations (Robinson and Bergquist, 1959). The well encountered very poor gas shows in the Killik Tongue of the Chandler Formation and very poor oil and gas shows in the Grandstand Formation. The well is located on an unleased tract, in Southern NPR -A (see Map 2) where a lease sale is scheduled for 2008. It is unlikely that exploration and development will occur in the vicinity of this well in the near future. If left unplugged, the well has no potential to adversely affect future development. Surficially, there are no concerns associated with this well. A drill pad does not exist and the wellhead consists of open-ended casing (Figure 38). The wellhead is 8 '/8 - inch pinup inside 11 by 12 '/a -inch Figure 38: Knifeblade #1 is located in a marshy area at collar. The plumb -bob hit solid at 12 the headwaters of a small creek. feet. Total height for the well is about three feet. If this well is left in its current condition, it poses no risk to adversely impacting the surface or sub -surface resources. 46 0 • Knifeblade #2 Knifeblade #2 is another dry hole drilled in 1951. It was the first of the three Knifeblade wells drilled and reached a total depth of 373 feet, cased to 45 feet, before being junked and abandoned. The purpose of the well was to test the oil and gas properties of the Grandstand and Tuktu Formations (Robinson and Bergquist, 1959). The well did not encounter any hydrocarbon shows. The well is located on an unleased tract, in Southern NPR -A (see Map 2) where a lease sale is scheduled for 2008. It is unlikely that exploration and development will occur in the vicinity of this well in the near future. If left unplugged, the well has no potential to adversely affect future development. Surficial issues are negligible. A drill pad does not exist and the wellhead consists of open-ended casing. There are approximately eight empty drums near Knifeblade 42 and #2A. The wells are highly remote and should not be considered a threat to the enviromnent or human activity. Knifeblade #2A Knifeblade #2A, also drilled in 1951, reached a total depth of 1,805 feet and was cased to 38 feet. The well lies 28 feet to the north of Knifeblade #2A. The purpose of the well was to test the oil and gas properties of the Grandstand and Tuktu Formations (Robinson and Bergquist, 1959). Only very poor oil and gas shows were reported in the Grandstand Formation. The well was left with casing open to the atmosphere and poses no threat to surface or sub -surface resources in its current condition. The well is located on an unleased tract, in Southern NPR -A (see Map 2) where a lease sale is scheduled for 2008. It is unlikely that exploration and development will occur in the vicinity of this well in the near future. If left unplugged, the well has no potential to adversely affect future development. Simpson #1 Simpson #1 test well was drilled with a rotary rig in 1948 by the U.S. Navy. The well was drilled to a total depth of 7,002 feet and cased to 5,954 feet. The purpose of the well was to test the various formations of the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic rocks. The well encountered several very poor oil and gas shows and one productive gas sand in the Lower Jurassic at a depth of 6,183 - 6,193 feet. The well produced gas at rates up to 3.0 MMCFPD during open hole flow tests of this Lower Jurassic sand. The gas zones are currently isolated from other formations and the surface by two cement plugs set above the productive sand. The top of the shallowest plug is at 5,520 feet (Robinson and Yuster, 1959). The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) adjacent to recently leased tract that received a high bid of $7.51 per acre during the lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development in the vicinity of this well is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years and this exploration has the potential to target the Lower Jurassic. Since the well is partially plugged, however, it poses little risk to surface or sub -surface resources and will not likely adversely affect any future development. W 0 0 The pad is highly visible and was constructed in the same fashion as Fish Creek #1 in which concrete was used as a working pad. Concrete was poured over a landing mat which was placed on pilings. As a result of ground movement from permafrost freeze/thaw cycles, the concrete has buckled in numerous places creating a partially - collapsed surface. This feature provides excellent shelter to small animals and rodents. Additionally, there is a small pile of drilling muds near the wellhead. The well was left equipped with a casing flange, spool w/ side bull plug, and another flange and nipple and is shut-in with no pressure at surface. The components past the flange have since been removed. Overall, the current condition of the site is non -threatening to the sparse human population and the surrounding environment. North Simpson #1 North Simpson #1 was drilled in 1950 to a depth of 3,774 feet and cased to 109 feet. No hydrocarbon shows were reported during the drilling of this well as no sandstone was encountered (Robinson and Yuster, 1959). Upon completion, no plugs were set and the hole was filled back with muds. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) adjacent to a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $12.76 per acre during the NW NPR -A lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development in the vicinity of this well is a distinct possibility within the next 20 years but it is unlikely this well will have an adverse impact on development since the well did not penetrate productive zones and future development will likely target deeper formations. Surficially, the area is wet with the wellhead partially submerged intermittently throughout the summer (Figure 39). The drill site lies only a few miles from the Arctic Ocean. The work area is visible with metal pilings around the wellhead. It is unknown if additional solid wastes exist under water. The well was left with a bull plug installed on summer. top of a swedge. The well is not near human activity, and does not pose a threat to surface or sub -surface resources. South Simpson #1 South Simpson #1 was drilled in 1977. The purpose of the hole was to test the Sadlerochit Formation where it laps onto the south flank of the Barrow Arch. The well was drilled to 8,795 feet and cased to 7,206 feet. Reports show that poor gas shows were identified in the Nanushuk Group, Kingak Shale and Shublik Formation. Gas flowed at a rate of 75 MCFPD between 6,522 - 6,568 feet within the Kingak Shale (Gyrc, 1988). The gas contained more than 70% nitrogen. The origin of the high nitrogen content is unknown, but appears to be a localized phenomenon (Burruss, 2003). Sandstone tongues i; (Simpson sand) within the Kingak Shale in the Simpson and Barrow localities are known to display good gas reservoir quality (Houseknecht 2001). Poor oil shows were discovered in the Nanushuk Group and Shublik and Torok Formations. Drill stem tests did not recover any oil. The well is located within the Northwest planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $5.01 per acre during the lease sale of 2004. Exploration and development is a distinct possibility in the near future since the well is properly plugged it will have no adverse impacts on development. Surficially, the pad and pits r are in good shape. The cellar has been backfilled Figure 40: South Simpson #1 had its cellar backfilled with silt, with silt which resulted in consequently burying the casing head. the burial of the casing head (Figure 40). Above the surface, the wellhead consists of a 4 -inch line pipe and a master valve. The master valve is frozen in the open position. The needle valve previously located above the master valve no longer exists. Beneath the casing head the well is plugged to surface and has no potential to adversely effect surface or sub -surface resources. The wellhead stands about eight feet high. A plumb -bob was dropped and hit solid at 8 feet and stuck. It was subsequently lost. An old, stripped snowmachine sitting next to the wellhead is the only sizable object that would be considered solid waste. Overall, there is no risk associated with this well. Inigok #1 Inigok #1 was drilled in 1979 to a depth of 20,102 feet and cased to 17,432 feet. The well objective was to test a structural/stratigraphic trap within the Sadlerochit and Lisburne Groups (Husky Oil NPR Operations for U.S. Geological Survey-Inigok, 1983). Some very poor gas shows were recorded in the Sag River, Nanushuk, and Endicott Group. Poor oil shows were reported for the Kingak Shale and Lisburne Group. The best shows were found in the base of the Torok Formation at 8,852 feet. No oil or gas was recovered during multiple production tests. The wellhead consists of three spools, each with a gate valve, a master valve, and a needle valve. Ten cement plugs were set in the well and it is plugged to surface. The well is located within the Northeast planning area (see Map 2) on a recently leased tract that received a high bid of $20.34 per acre during the lease sale of 2002. Total E&P Incorporated drilled an exploratory well 15 miles north of Inigok #1 and used the gravel 49 pad and airstrip near the well for staging areas and a camp. It would be fairly simple to remove the wellhead but the well has no potential to adversely affect surface or sub -surface resources. Additionally, the well poses no threat to adversely affect future development. Inigok #1 is one of the few logistical centers Figure 41: Aerial view of Inigok #1. The drill pad and reserve pit within NPR -A (Figure are visible in the top of photograph. A road leads from the apron of 41). The airstrip and pad the airstrip to the drilling pad. are maintained with no solid wastes present. The wellhead poses no risk, and with the plugs already in place, could be removed. Additionally, this well has a year-round airstrip and serves as a logistical base to various NPR -A activities. • USGS Monitored Wells The USGS has used wells drilled in the NPR -A for collecting temperature data to better understand both the global temperature pattern and its effects on the permafrost. The wells that are currently used are properly plugged above the hydrocarbon bearing zones and into the well casing. The wells are filled with diesel fuel down to the shallowest plug at depths ranging from 1,500 - 3,000 feet. For a list of wells see Appendix B. The program began in 1958 and will continue for the foreseeable future. After this project ends, the wells will have the diesel extracted and the well will be properly plugged to surface. Diesel is a non -corrosive agent, and even if the casing should corrode there would be no impact to the surface resources and minimal impact on the sub -surface resources as there are no known fresh water aquifers in NPR -A. The following wells are monitor wells with surficial issues. It is difficult to establish a rank since the wells are sufficiently plugged. The cleanup priority is difficult to determine as the primary tin -eat lies with wells having downhole issues. However, political concerns could influence the timing in which the surface issues are dealt. East Teshekpuk #1 East Teshekpuk #1 was spudded in March 1976. The well was drilled to a depth of 10,664 feet. It is an active USGS monitor well that was properly plugged. The top of the shallowest plug is located at 2,400 feet. From that point to the surface, the hole is filled with diesel fuel. With the well properly plugged and diesel fuel being a non -corrosive agent, there is no downhole issue with the well at this time but there are solid wastes buried on site that may warrant removal. 50 • 0 East Teshekpuk #1 was drilled on a small peninsula on the southeast side of Teshekpuk Lake. The southern shore of the peninsula is protected from the prevailing northerly winds, however the north shore doesn't have the luxury of a barrier and is subject to erosion. Unfortunately, solid wastes from the camp and drilling operation were buried on the northern portion of the pad, possibly in the old reserve pit. The northern shore has been battered by numerous storms which have eroded the shoreline and exposed the solid wastes. The wastes are unsightly and potentially hazardous. While the nearest village of Nuiqsut is 52 miles to the southeast, Teshekpuk Lake is rich in subsistence resources and numerous summer cabins dot the lake's shoreline. It is possible that at the time of surficial restoration, the downhole could be pumped free of diesel and plugged to the surface. Awuna #1 Awuna #1 was spudded February 1980 and completed April 1981. It is the only well drilled in the southwest portion of NPR -A and is 90 miles south-southwest of Atqasuk. Awuna is the most remote well in the entire petroleum reserve. The well was drilled to a total depth of 11,200 feet. Drilling was conducted over two consecutive winters. Ice roads and an ice airstrip were constructed for logistical support. The project cost approximately $6 million (Husky Oil NPR Operations-Awuna, pg 5). Due to the orientation of the pad, the prevailing winds force wave action into the drilling pad, undermining the sands and silts which make up the pad. Below the sands and silts, Styrofoam was used to insulate the underlying permafrost. Wave action has eroded tens of feet into the drilling pad, exposing the Styrofoam, which consequently breaks loose and blows away. Wooden pilings exposed from erosion show how much attrition has taken place. Styrofoam can be seen all around the pad with pieces blown up to 5 miles away. Figure 42: Awuna wellhead with exposed wooden pilings and Styrofoam. annual basis Tunalik # 1 Downhole, the well is in good shape with sufficient plugs. Diesel fuel fills the top 4,000 feet. The well is an USGS monitor well. Wellhead components are in working condition with no problems. The immediate concern with this site is the blowing Styrofoam, but as the years progress erosion could become a major issue (Figure 42). The loose Styrofoam should be cleaned up and erosion progress should be monitored on an . It is also worth mentioning that the same type of scenario is unfolding at (another USGS well). Wave action from the reserve pit is beginning to 51 undermine Styrofoam from the drilling pad. Tunalik #1 differs from Awuna #1 in that prevailing wind direction does not force erosion in the direction of the wellhead. Uneased Core Tests There are thirty-nine uncased core test holes. These holes were typically left filled with drilling mud and abandoned without being plugged. Drilling depths ranged between 500 and 1,500 feet depending on the purpose of the test. By nature, core tests were drilled to test soils, permafrost, or lithologic units. They were not drilled for oil or gas exploration purposes and did not encounter hydrocarbons. Many of the cores are stored in the Alaska Geologic Materials Center (Figure 43). The BLM has examined the cores and they are extremely friable. It is likely that these test, are stored in the Alaska Geologic Materials Center. Barrow Gas Wells uncased core holes have naturally collapsed and harmlessly blended into the environment. There is no surface indication of their location and BLM has been unsuccessful in locating them during several visits to their reported location. They do not pose any potential risks. The Barrow Gas Field Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-366, 98 Stat. 468, July 17, 1984) allowed the U.S. Navy to transfer several wells to the North Slope Borough. The Navy drilled six shallow wells between 1953 and 1974 to test the natural gas potential. Between 1974 and 1982, 10 additional wells were drilled to help supplement the local gas supply. The wells were developed for use by the local government agencies and Barrow residents. The act conveyed the sub -surface estate, held by the federal government and any other interest therein, to the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation (ASRC). The BLM acknowledges the surface and sub -surface lands as conveyed and the Office of the Regional Solicitor has confirmed that the Transfer Act included the wells and well locations, and any liabilities associated with these wells are the responsibility of ASRC. 52 Plugged Wells Square Lake #1 Square Lake #1 is a Navy well that was drilled to a depth of 3,984 feet. Its primary intent was to test the Cretaceous rocks in east -west trending anticline structure (305H pg 424). No significant shows of oil were found. Gas shows were encountered in various sandstone beds between 1,600 and 1,900 feet, but otherwise the hole was diy. Upon completion, four plugs were reported to be set with the upper plug at 728 feet, well above the gas shows. Two other plugs were reported to be set in the gas zone, spanning depths of 1,640 - 1,840 and 1865 - 1934 feet. In addition to the six plugs, water and mud fill the remaining distance to the surface (Collins and Berquist, 1959). Upon successive visits to the site, BLM field crews dropped a plumb -bob down the hole and hit a solid obstruction between 8 and 10 feet. Don Meares, Northern Field Office, visited the site in August 2003 with an underwater camera and determined the solid surface to be cement. The Square Lake area is clean of debris with a few deadmen pilings (anchors) near the wellhead that could pose a ground hazard. The wellhead is open casing cut off at ground level. Umiat #2 and #5 The Umiat #2 and #5 wells were plugged and abandoned in 2002 by the COE (Figure 44). The wells were drilled on a common four -acre pad in 1947 and 1951. The purpose of the wells was to test for producing lithologies and determine petroleum quantities. Umiat #2 penetrated the Gubik Formation, Nanushuk Group (Chandler and Grandstand Formations), Topagoruk Formation and Oumalik Formation. Problems with the drilling muds were encountered while drilling Umiat #2. Analysts determined that the fresh water drilling fluid caused formation damage and the Umiat #5 well was drilled adjacent to the #2 with a cable -tool rig. The well produced 400 barrels per day with the most productive sandstones in the lower Chandler and upper Grandstand. Below a depth of 1075 feet, 107 barrels of crude oil from both Umiat and Simpson were used as a drilling fluid, as well as 11 barrels of diesel fuel (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). In 2000, the Colville River threatened to erode both wellsites away. The COE took action under the FUDS program in the winter of 2001-2002 to plug, abandon and remove any surface features. The concrete lined cellar of Umiat #2 and wooden platform from Umiat 45 were removed. Costs were approximately $25 million dollars due in part, to soil Approximately 30,000 tons of petroleum -contaminated soil was excavated. 53 remediation. The soil was 0 • transported on an ice road to the Umiat camp where it was thermally treated in a rotary kiln to remove petroleum residues. Small quantities of PCB contaminants were unexpectedly encountered after the excavation was completed. The source of the PCBs has been linked back to the #5 well and the fluids used downhole. The ever -shifting Colville River continues to erode the north bank and is approximately 50 feet from the old wellbores. With the removal of hazardous soils, this site should not be considered a threat to humans or the environment. Umiat #3 Umiat #3, also known as Umiat Core Test #1, was spudded in December 1946 and drilled to test some of the oil bearing zones encountered while drilling Umiat #1. The well was drilled on the northeast corner of Umiat Lake just below the hill from Umiat #4 (Figure 45). Umiat #3 penetrated the Gubik Formation and the Nanushuk Group. The Grandstand Formation within the Nanushuk Group is considered to be the primary source of oil between the depths of 258 and 514 feet. The hole produced 50 barrels per day prior to shutdown. The well was re- tested nine months later with production dropping to 24 barrels per day (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). The wellhead consists of homemade components with a single water service type valve and is capped with a needle valve. There is no seeping present at this site, however seeps are common in the area, including an active seep in Umiat Lake. Figure 45: The view from Umiat #4 looking southwest toward Umiat Lake and Umiat. Umiat #3 is located on the near shore of Umiat Lake. An extensive piping system is still visible. The pipes probably supplied water during the drilling phase. They connect Umiat #3 to #4 which then follow the hill from Umiat #4 to a side channel of the Colville River. Their function was to either carry water to the drilling sites or assist during the well's production phase. The overall surficial conditions including the wellhead and piping, do not pose a threat to human health nor the environment. BLM plugged the well in May 2004. Umiat #4 After encountering relatively poor oil shows on the first three wells, operations were suspended until 1950. Cable tool drilling rigs were introduced to determine if the fresh water muds had hindered the oil production in the previous wells (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). Cable tool wells did not require the excavation of a cellar; therefore Umiat wells #447 did not have cellars. Umiat #4 is located on top of the hill to the northeast of Umiat #3 (Figures 45, 46). The well was drilled May 1950 to a maximum depth of 840 feet. The hole bored through the Ninuluk, Chandler and Grandstand Formations. Oil was found in the upper and lower 54 • sandstone of the Grandstand Formation. Drilling encountered good oil shows around 300 feet with a total 500 barrels produced (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). The wellhead consists of 11 1/4 -inch casing protruding 36 inches above the ground surface. The casing is capped with a steel plate. Upon removal of the cover, the hole was open to the environment. No valves or gauges are present. The well was plugged by the BLM on May 9, 2004. The well poses no risk to humans or the environment. Umiat #8 Figure 46: Umint #4 prior to plugging. The wellhead is located in the center of the photograph. Like the other wells drilled in the 1950s, Umiat #8 was drilled using cable tools. The well was spudded May 1951 and completed August 1951. It is located on top of a ridge that separates Umiat from the Bear Paw Creek valley. Drilling intention was to determine the quality and quantity of hydrocarbons in the Grandstand formation near the crest of the anticline structure. The hole encountered the Seabee, Ninuluk, Chandler, and Grandstand Forniations. The Grandstand Formation produced approximately 60-100 barrels per day of oil and more than 6 million cubic feet per day of gas. The well was shut in with a gas pressure of 275 pounds per square inch. The gas was analyzed by the Bureau of Mines and determined to be 97.3 per cent methane. Brine was mixed (35 lbs of salt per barrel of water) and used in the drilling fluid to prevent freeze up. Brine solution of approximately the same ratio of salt per barrel of water was used to kill the well and set the plug while cementing casing. A total of 21,695 pounds of salt were used in the well (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). The well was plugged May 2, 2004. Prior to plugging, the well was nicknamed the "Whistling Well" due to the gas of which was escaping through fittings and valves in the wellhead. The wellhead is easily the most complex of the 11 Umiat test wells. It consists of five valves and multiple gauges. It has several homemade components and reaches a total height of ten feet. After reporting the seeping gas in 1996, two new valves and gauges were installed in 1997. The new gauges have been checked regularly since 1998 and have consistently read 250 psi. Despite replacing the two valves and gauges, gas continued to leak from the wellhead. The largest of the leaks occurred just above the top flange where a 4 -inch nipple and collar are welded together. Other leaking occurred at the fittings of some of the gauges. The wellhead is sited on a gravel pad. A series of piping extends from the wellhead to a small stock tank about 100 feet to the south. The tank probably was used as a holding tank for the oil while testing the production potential of the hole. The same style of stock tank is present in various old photographs found in the Umiat area and may be the same 55 • 0 tank. Oil from inside the tank was sampled in 2004 with test results positively identifying PCB contamination which is slightly below the level of concern. Umiat #10 Umiat #10 was spudded September 1951 and completed January 1952. This well was drilled to test the Umiat anticline and is located about a half mile northwest of Umiat #8. Total depth of the well is about 1,573 feet. When the well was bailed, it produced 222 barrels of oil in a 24-hour time span. The most productive layers occurred at 980 feet and 1,095 feet, penetrating both the Ninuluk and Grandstand Formation (Robinson and Bergquist, 1956). Also encountered were the Seabee and Chandler Formations. The hole was somewhat problematic as it caved considerably during drilling. Operations consisted of a drill rig set on a foundation of 12" x 12" timbers with a thin layer of gravel in between. Twenty-five pounds of salt mixed with Aquagel downhole to help lubricate the drill bit above the 650 -foot marker (from the surface). More Aquagel-brine mud was used down to about 1,000 feet to keep the hole from caving. The wellhead contains two p valves; a master and a gate, v both are closed. The total height of Umiat #10 is approximately 10 feet. The 8 5/8 -inch casing is flared and open at the top. This well was plugged May 6, 2004 (Figure , 47). Figure 47: Plugging operations at Umiat #10. May 2004. and water (per barrel) were used The surface near Umiat #10 is in good shape. There is no existing pad and no solid wastes. With the recent plugging of the well, it is not a risk to human health and safety or the environment. 56 11 APPENDIX B 0 20 Wells Currently Monitored by the United States Geological Survey: NAME Atigaru Awuna* Drew Point East Simpson #1 East Teshekpuk West Fish Creek #1 Ikpikpuk Kugura Koluktak* Kuyanak Lisburne North Inigok North Kalikpik Peard Bay Seabee* South Meade South Harrison Bay Tunalik* Tulageak West Dease HOLE DEPTH(meters) 648 884 640 600 727 735 615 582 227 856 532 625 660 591 393 549 399 556 756 823 *Are also part of the CALM network (Circumpolar Active -Layer Monitoring). 57 Alaska's giant Umiat oil field, discov- ered in the late 1940s by the US Navy in search of new sources of oil after World War II, remains undeveloped to this day. The field is untapped in spite of delineation by 12 legacy wells; the shal- low depth of its consolidated, produc- tive reservoirs; sweet, light 37° gravity oil; and over 1 billion bbl of original oil in place. To this point, re- moteness (92 miles from the Trans Alas- ka Pipeline System (TAPS)), permafrost, and low reservoir energy have been the main development challenges. All of these challenges have been ad- dressed through modern technologi- cal advancements such as multilateral horizontal drilling, electric submers- ible pumps, and cold gas injection for pressure maintenance that bring Umiat development closer to fruition. Remoteness and environment is still a key challenge; however, the State of Alaska announced in December 2009 an aggressive plan to build an all -sea- son gravel road from TAPS to the Umiat uniiat.. C1, Nod Slo I e giant James S. Watt Allen Huckabay Mark R. Landt Renaissance Alaska LLC Houston Well Name I PTA t UMIAT TEST 01 1002090 92=49 UMIAT TEST 03 , 1002110 _ UMIAT TEST 04 1002120 4M4ArT:FEG:F 85 ATTEST 06� I 1002140 UMIAT TEST 07 1002150 UMIAT TEST 09 1002170 UMIAT TEST 10—�1002180 UMIAT TEST 11 1002190 _ UMIAT 14 2071780 30 KA NORTH SLOPE 160° 150- 0 h, a,� National Petroleum Reserve -Alaska umiat ,or�n _d basin — area that would substantially reduce the threshold for commerciality. Geologic mapping by the US Navy in 1944 first defined the Umiat anticline with its associated oil seeps. The Navy and the US Geological Survey conducted an extensive mapping and drilling program in this remote part of northern Alaska from 1944 to 1953. In particular, between 1946 and 1952, a total of 11 wells were drilled on the Umiat anticline. Eight wells have an oil column and two wells had long- term tests. Much of this early drilling was ex- perimental utilizing a variety of types of drilling rigs as well as different types of drilling fluids. A deeper test, the Seabee -1, was drilled in 1978 and tested gas from a deeper horizon. The Navy established an air base at Umiat and used the light oil for fuel, So unlike other Arctic pending de- velopments, Umiat has an established footprint including an airstrip, lodging, warehouse storage, etc. Renaissance Alaska LLC, through Renaissance Umiat LLC, controls 19,358 acres over the undeveloped Umiat oil field and a portion of the undeveloped Gubik gas field 12 miles east-northeast. Arctic Falcon Exploration Fig. I LLC is a mi - 140° Beaufort Sea jt Prudhoe=""•rte — Kuparuk ..... 70 0 m . h � m .r Alaska Jk-el o' �i National Arens ,CANADA Wildlife Refuge 1 n nority owner of Renais- sance Umiat LLC. Since acquiring the acre- age in 2006 and 2007, Renaissance has derisked the project through extensive geoscience studies and an 86 sq mile 3D seismic survey shot in 2008. Re - Oil & Gas lournal / lan. 1 1, 2010 MC fkr;16f.V,11QY .. Subject: Re: Umiat 6 9 From: Stan_Porhola@ak.blm.gov Date: Wed, 21 Jul 2004 15:46:12 -0800 To: Thomas Maunder <tom maunder@admin.state.ak.us> Umiat 48 was plugged with a downhole plug through the tubing across the active reservoir. A surface plug was set in both the annulus and tubing, with the top of the plug at 73' and 0' respectively. Umiat 410 was plugged with a bridge plug and 100' of cement above. Umiat #4 was plugged with a fluid level at 2011, followed by water to 1011, a gel pill to 70' and a surface plug to 111. Tubing and rods were cut and left in the well. Umiat #3 was plugged with a fluid level at 118', followed by a gel pill to 93' and a surface plug to 66' (after falling 601). Tubing was cut and left in the well. Work scheduled for winter 2005 includes topping off the surface plug for Umiat 43 and setting surface plugs for Umiat 46, 47 and 49. Previous plans to plug Umiat #1 and #11 have been put on hold. ,loo- c Work scheduled for summer 2004 includes PCB testing of well fluids for Wolf Creek #3 and possible wellhead improvements to Wolf Creek #1. The next likely target for plugging efforts by BLM (pending additional funding) would be the Wolf Creek area (wells 1,2,3). Stan Porhola BLM - Alaska Petroleum Engineer 267-1469 of 1 7/21/2004 3:50 PM STATE OF ALASKA ' ALO OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COM JION t APPLICATION FOR SUNDRY APPROVAL U— `V� 20 AAC 25.280 1. Type of Request: AbgndoXSuspend Lj Operational shutdown Lj Perforate Lj Waiver Annular Dispos. Li Alter casing ❑ Repair well ❑ Plug Perforations ❑ Stimulate ❑ Time Extension ❑ Other Change approved program ❑ Pull Tubing ❑ Perforate New Pool ❑ Re-enter Suspended Well ❑fir Svcr�5�- 2. Operator Name: 4. Current Well Class: 5. Permit to Dril Number: Bureau of Land Management Development ❑ Exploratory Q Stratigraphic ❑ Service ❑ 1002090 3. Address: 6. API Number: 6881 Abbott Loop Road Anchorage, AK 99507 502871000100 7. KB Elevation (ft): 9. Well Name and Number: 810' RKB 801' GL Umiat Test Well #1 8. Property Designation: 10. Field/Pools(s): AA -081724 842000 11. PRESENT WELL CONDITION SUMMARY Total Depth MD (ft): Total Depth TVD (ft): Effective Depth MD (ft): Effective Depth TVD (ft): Plugs (measured): Junk (measured): 6005' 6005' 6005' 6005' N/A N/A Casing Length Size MD TVD Burst Collapse Structural Conductor 10' 24" 19' 19' Surface 88' 16" 97' 97' Intermediate 679' 113/4" 685' 685' 3070 1510 Production Liner Perforation Depth MD (ft): Perforation Depth TVD (ft): Tubing Size: Tubing Grade: Tubing MD (ft): N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Packers and SSSV Type: N/A Packers and SSSV MD (ft): N/A 12. Attachments: Description Summary of Proposal LA 13. Well Class after proposed work: Detailed Operations Program Q BOP Sketch Q Exploratory Q Development ❑ Service ❑ 14. Estimated Date for 15. Well Status after proposed work: Commencing Operations: 4/10/2004 Oil ❑ Gas ❑ Plugged E] Abandoned ❑ WAG ❑ GINJ ❑ WINJ ❑ WDSPL ❑ 16. Verbal Approval: Date: Commission Representative: 17. 1 hereby certify that the foregoing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge. Contact Stan Porhola Printed Name Stan Porhola Title Petroleum Engineer Signature Phone 907-267-1469 Date IVA,,32, no COMMISSION USE ONLY Conditions of approval: Notify Commission so that a representative may witness Sundry Number: Plug Integrity ❑ BOP Test ❑ Mechanical Integrity Test ❑ Location Clearance ❑ Other: RECEIVED MAY p 3 2004 SubsequeaFReAlaska alp & Gas Ons. CommiSS10 �. ('� rl NBY ORDER OFApproved ;/;e COMMISSIONER THE COMMISSION Date:/ Form 10-403 Revised 12/2003 INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE Submit in Duplicate ON 4bu. S. Department of the Interi Bureau of Land Management Well Site Condition Report Date: 7/10/03 10:39 AM Site and Well Name. Location. Site: Umiat Well Name: Umiat Test Well #1 Township and Range, Section and Meridian: TIN, R2W, Sec 35, UM Coordinate System: Geographic Units: Decimal Minutes Latitude: 69° 23.777'N Longitude: 152° 19.842'W DATUM: WGS 84 (NAD 83) Quadrangle: Umiat B-4 Condition/Overview: Pad Condition: Pit Condition: Umiat #1 was the first well drilled in NPRA that reached any significant depth (6005 ft). The site is mostly overgrown by willows with some miscellaneous scrap metal and leftover drilling muds intermixed with the willows. The drilling muds are being investigated by the Corps of Engineers for barite contamination. The site itself lies on top of a ridge that divides two channels of Seabee Creek. The area has been revegetated (mostly by thick willows) to approximately 90%. In the area of remaining drill muds, vegetation is absent. The well was drilled using an Aquagel-water mud, and with the exception of using a small amount of Fibrotex to regain circulation, no other muds were used. According to the USGS 305-B Study, Barite was not used in the muds (p.98). Minor debris exists on the pad in the form of solid metal. Despite the close proximity to the hillslope that leads down to the ravine, erosion is not a big conrcern due to the fact the site is pretty well anchored by the willows and their roots. No existing pit. Cellar Condition: Wooden 8' x8'llar shallow, d with alders, moss an rass vegetation). ( dry Y g Well Head Assembly: No trace of oil or gas seepage was detected on site. Well Head Description: 113/4" casing with collar 113/4" casing welded on blind plate 2" nipple 2" gate valve (water -type) - operational TOTAL STICK UP: 36" Well Photo 2000 Photos SCANNEC MAY 1 4 2004 BLM Umiat #i BOP Diagram BOP Description 1.) Remove gate valve 2.) Weld on flange to existing 11 3/4" casing 3.) Nipple up Diverter spool, divert line, ball valve and rubber packing element Well Head Description (3' stick up): 11 3/4" casing with collar 11 3/4" casing welded on blind plate 2" nipple 2" gate valve (water -type) - operational SC:ANNEE MAY 1 4 2004 Lot: 69'23'52"N Long: 152'19'45"W LEGEND ?' CEMENT 30" Hole 20" Ho 15 1/2" Base of Parr -Mud Reportec 1-0 S/P R 7 6 FAIR/UMIAT/tAUfWk MV..9g- k 1 5R Umiat Test Well 1 Well Schematic -11- Spud: June 22, 1945 Comp: ,Oct. 5, 1946 RKB: 9 All Depths RKB 24" Conductor Cemented in 30" Hole +w/14 ax Portland -Cement 6" 'Western Slip it. pt—welded using Cemented w/110 sx Victory it Well High Temperature Cement nd Various Additives 1/4".47 J-55 Casin entad w/g, 350 sx Victory Temperature Cement Variotts Additives I ppg Mud No Scale 0 Umlat #1 Summer 2003 SC;kt4 NEC MAY 14 2004 SCANNEE 100', • � c,\ A -� kN"" VQ111 vll,�f""Ccqc,\t -�3 Preview 1 of 3 5/5/2004 10:59 AM . S�TofTy i United States Department of the Interior T;, �-! BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT ygA1H�3 ASA Campbell Tract Facility TAKE PRIDE' 6881 Abbott Loop Road INAMERICA Anchorage, Alaska 99507-2599 http://www.ak.blm.gov Umiat Plug & Abandonment (941) stp April 7, 2004 Tom Maunder Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission 333 W. 7`h Ave. Suite 100 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Dear Mr. Maunder, Enclosed is the latest version of the statement of work for the Umiat Plug and Abandon project scheduled to begin now in mid April, 2004. This is a hard copy of the newest version that was released back on March 24, 2004. This is being sent to meet the needs of the sundry notice for a summary of the proposal and operations program. If you require an electronic copy of this document let me know. cc Sincerely �C G.C� U (�V `M�Qy �-i�fvvkrct��� �i"�O© �ov�G� lQ:- k C� — D-- too Stan Porhola BLM — AK941 Petroleum Engineer 907-267-1469 REC1 UEO APR _ g 2004 Alaska Qii 81688 Cons. Commission Anchorage 0C)—� 1 'tori` 1� 10 C) -D -\C' Stan Porhola BLM — AK941 Petroleum Engineer 907-267-1469 REC1 UEO APR _ g 2004 Alaska Qii 81688 Cons. Commission Anchorage Lat: 69'23'52"N Long: 152'19'45"W LEGEND UCEMENT ® 4w PAIR/UMIAT, • 30" Hole 20" Ha 15 1/2" Base of Pere Mud Reportec 1-0-5/8 9 7 b k1 SR Umiat Test Well 1 Well Schematic -11- • Spud: June 22, 1945 Comp: Oct. 5, 1946 RKB: 9' All Depths RKB 24" Conductor Cemented in 30" Hole yr/14 sx Por#lend cement 6" 'Western Slip it. pt—welded using Cemented w/110 sx Victory 'if Well High Temperature Cement nd Various Additives 1/4",47 J-55 Casing, anted -w/350 zx Victory Temperature Cement Various Additives I ppg Mud No Scale Well Umiat #1 Dry Hole Open Pipe at Surface • I I Grandstand Sands 1300' - 2000' - Reverse Fault at 2000' II Repeat Grandstand Sands 2000' - 2800' I I I I Open Hole 3,000' of Shale I I I J TD 6005' 19' 24" Conductor 97' 16" Western Slip Casing 350 sx of Victory High Temperature Cement 685' 11 3/4" J-55, 47# Casing DST'd Wet with trace of oil 10 Bbls fresh water per hour Well 1 Well Head Description: 11 3/4" casing with collar 11 3/4" casing welded on blind plate 2" nipple 2" gate valve (water -type) - operational TOTAL STICK UP: 36" Weli 4 Open hole with a steel plated cover. No oil or gas seeping on site. Well 6 Well 2 Well P&A in winter 2002. Well Head Description (2 1/2' stick up): 11 3/4" casing to flange (12 x 3/4" studs with 6 in place) 2 plugged 2" side outlets top of blind flange, 2" plug and 3" welded collar with 1 " rod clamped off Open hole with thermistor cables. There is no indication of any oil or gas seeping within the area of this wellhead. Well Head Description (3' stick up) Open ended casing (7"?) with collar, looks like thermistor cables inside Well 8 Gas Well with SITHP 250 psi Well 10 Two valves and zero gauges. No oil or gas seeping on site. Well Head Description (10' stick up): 5' of 11 3/4" casing with collar clamp to 8 1/2" casing with collar welded to flange 2 side outlets below flange, 1 plugged and one 2" Walworth Gate Valve (DD 500, 4892) Flanged (8 x 5/8" studs) Walworth Master Valve (DD 200, V -S344 -A) 2 ft of 8 1/2" flared open casing Cement Yield 1.56 cf/sx for the smaller 65 IbsJsx 2 Production Casing OD 11.75 P&A Csg Depth, Ft 685 Set a 100' Open -hole ID 10.625 cmt plug Hole Depth, Ft 6,005 on 17' gel Casing Capicity, cf/ft 0.6599 pill Open -hole Capacity, cf/ft 0.6157 Also, 24 sx in 100' Surface Plug, cu. ft. 66 annulus acks of Cmt (at 1.56 cf/sx) 42 60' Gel Plug, cu. ft. 40 Minimum Displacement, Bbls 19 Bottom Plug, cu. ft. Not Sxs of Cmt Needed Displacement, Bbls 0 Maximum Sxs Cmt to Fill Well 801 Max Displacement, Bbls 633 Comments Wet well below OWC 0 761.25 ?' 4 5 6 9 10Tisk 7 11.75 P&A 8.625 6.375 8.625 5.5 8.625 10.75 72 33 35 1196 1231 1257 1339 486 6 10.75 8.625 6 10.75 Csg to TD 7.75 9.625 572 840 758 1384 1327 1573 3303 0.221 0.6599 0.3192 0.1912 0.3422 0.12 0.3422 0.5195- 0.1963 0.6303 0.4057 0.1963 0.6303 0.3276 0.5053 21 64 38 19 34 12 34 52 340 13 41 24 12 22 8 22 33 218 12 38 24 12 38 7 21 31 6 18 11 6 13 3 10 15 100 163 163 None None None Fish 340' 105 plug 440' 105 0 0 24 88 69 15 270 34 121 375 1797 19 69 55 12 75 27 96 297 1283 Rods in Well Open Open pipe SITHP=250 Perfs Open pipe Pipe Wet well FL brine is never Wet well below OWC 600 ft back produced North of fault Fish 340' when well any fluid Cmt Plug 440' was drilled Tagged 337' in 1954 Weatherford Inflatible Packers 2 'r f 5 Production Casing ID 11 P&A 6.3 11 P&A 7.921 5.921 8.625 4.67 7.921 9.76 Csg Depth, Ft 685 Set a 100' 72 33 35 1196 1231 1257 1339 486 Open -hole ID 10.625 cmt plug 6 10.75 8.625 6 10.75 Csg to TD 7.75 9.625 Hole Depth, Ft 6,005 on 17' gel 572 840 758 1384 1327 1573 3303 Casing Capicity, cf/ft 0.6599 pill 0.221 0.6599 0.3192 0.1912 0.3422 0.12 0.3422 0.5195 Open -hole Capacity, cf/ft 0.6157 Also, 24 0.1963 0.6303 0.4057 0.1963 0.6303 0.3276 0.5053 sx in 100' Surface Plug, cu. ft. 66 annulus 21 64 38 19 34 12 34 52 gallons 494 156 478 284 143 256 90 256 389 Weight of 100' cement, lbs. 5,282 1,670 5,116 3,039 1,530 2,739 960 2,739 4,158 PSI on packer 56 59 56 52 56 56 56 56 Inflatible Packer Size, inches 7.25 5.63 7.25 5.63 3.50 NA 3.50 5.63 7.25 Inflatable working psi from chart 230 500 250 200 210 400 280 320 Rods in Well Open Open pipe SITHP=250 Perfs Open pipe Wet well Pipe Wet well FL brine is never Wet well below OWC below OWC 600 ft back produced North of fault Fish 340' when well any fluid Cmt Plug 440' was drilled Tagged 337' in 1954 C C::. C', Artic Set 3 Lite c: Recipe Artic Set 3 Lite cement +9% D44 (NaCl) + 30%D53 (gypsum) + 50% D124 (spheres) + 1.5% S1 (CaC12) + 1.5% D79 (ext.) + 0.4% D46 (defoam) Slurry Weight 10.7 ppg Slurry Yield 4.44 cf/sx Stan confirmed this with Telecon to Schlumberger Thickening Time 6+ hours 1/9/2004 (Mike Martin) ph 273-1700 2656205 229-6266 The lower density of this cement is favorable to place the cmt plug on top of a gel pill. Cost is approximately $280 per 188 Ib sack Based on telecon with M. Martin 3-11 From cement calculations spreadsheet 500 cf Conventional 112.6 sx 188 lbs/sx 21,171 lbs Special packaging 325.7 sx 65 lbs/sx Slurry volume 4.44 cf/sx Smaller sacks will yield 1.56 cf/sx Cost if require 50036 A* • n -04 W6fdr 20.7 gals/sx 7.25 gals/sx -RE: Umiat Cleanup /00_ZOQ Subject: RE: Umiat Cleanup Date: Thu, 8 Jun 2000 08:30:00 -0800 From: "Meggert, Ed" <Ed Meggert@envircon.state.ak.us> To: 'Jack Winters' <jack winters@fishgame.state.ak.us>, 'Riki Lebman' <rlebman@jpo.doi.gov>, blair_wondzell@admin.state.ak.us, leonl@dnr.state.ak.us CC: Don _Meares@ak.blm.gov, garys@dnr.state.ak.us, "Meggert, Ed" <Ed_Meggert@envircon.state.ak.us>, tama_Stevenson@labor.state.ak.us, Lloyd.h.fanter@poa02.usace.army.mil, Wayne.M.Crayton@usace.army.mil, "De Ruyter, Tom" <Tom DeRuyter@envircon.state.ak.us> Riki ... This delay concerns me. While I've heard estimates that the erosion rate may be such that we have more than 1 year before the well is breached this is an unknown. I understand the physical constraints but would strongly encourage all involved entities to address whatever obstacles, real or perceived, are impeding this process.Thanks.ed -----Original Message ----- From: Jack Winters (mailto:jack winters@fishgame.state.ak.us] Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2000 3:32 PM To: 'Riki Lebman'; blair wondzell@admin.state.ak.us; leonl@dnr.state.ak.us Cc: Don_Meares@ak.blm.gov; garys@dnr.state.ak.us; emeggert@envircon.state.ak.us; tama stevenson@labor.state.ak.us; Lloyd.h.fanter@poa02.usace.army.mil; Wayne.M.Crayton@usace.army.mil Subject: RE: Umiat Cleanup Riki: I request that we all have a copy of the letter. It seems pretty odd that a project that was deemed an imminent environmental crisis earlier this year can now be delayed. Fiscal year 2001 begins in October 2000 for the feds. If this is the correct fiscal year, then work could proceed yet this coming winter, could it not? Or does this mean data collection for water sources etc. will not begin until after October 1, 2000 and real site cleanup in winter 2001-2002? There seems to be adequate time between now and October to resolve the issues listed below and begin site cleanup this winter. Jack -----Original Message ----- From: Riki Lebman [mailto:rlebman@jpo.doi.gov] Sent: Friday, May 26, 2000 2:21 PM To: blair_wondzell@admin.state.ak.us; leonl@dnr.state.ak.us Cc: Don_Meares@ak.blm.gov; garys@dnr.state.ak.us; emeggert@envircon.state.ak.us; jwinters@fishgame.state.ak.us; tama_stevenson@labor.state.ak.us; lloyd.h.fanter@poa02.usace.army.mil; Wayne.M.Crayton@usace.army.mil Subject: Re: Umiat Cleanup Hi Leon and Blair, I have received a letter from James Baker, the Project Manager for the COE, on the Umiat clean-up project. In the letter he lists the reasons the project will be delayed until fiscal year 2001. They are attempting to address the issues that were raised from the pre -app meeting that was held in March. Those include: access to the wells by overland or frozen river route, the need for gravel from the Colville floodplain or re -grading the existing pad during remediation, treatment alternatives, right-of-way entry with DOT and BLM, and erosion potential at the excavation site. Let me know if you would like a copy of this letter by fax or by mail. Questions could be directed to me or you can call James Baker at (907) 753-5665. 1 of 2 6/8/0012:58 PM RE: Umiat Cleanup Riki Lebman. Project Review Coordinator Division of Governmental Coordination Joint Pipeline Office 411 W. 4th Avenue Anchorage, AK 99517 (907) 271-4317 RLebman@jpo.doi.gov >>> Blair Wondzell <blair wondzell@admin.state.ak.us> 5/22/00 11:53:38 AM Leon, We at the AOGCC certainly agree with you. We have long had a policy of properly abandoning wells. Failure of the federal government to live up to their obligation in this area certainly does not help our efforts in getting companies to abandon some of the real old wells and does not improve the public's perceptions of NPRA drilling or of government agencies' (Federal and State) oversight of oilfield operations. Leon, if we can be of any help, please let me know. Sincerely, Blair Wondzell. Leon Lynch wrote: > Riki, as the DGC coordinator I am addressing this message to you to > express my concerns over cancellation of this project. As you know there > are some serious contamination issues associated with this project > including the potential discharge of contaminated material in to the > Colville River and the need to plug and abandon the two wells. The > longer we wait the more serious the erosion issue becomes. > My understanding is that the CORPS reluctance to lease land from DOT > the bioremediation cells played a role in the CORPS decision to drop > project. The proposed use fee appears to be a tiny percentage of the > overall cost of the project. If DNR were the land manger in this > situation our regulations would also require us to charge a fee for > use of state land. > In my opinion, the do nothing scenario should not be acceptable to > anyone and if we need to reconvene our working group we should. for the the 2 of 2 6/8/0012:58 PM Form 9-693 UNITED STATES i DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CONSERVATION BRANCH INDIVIDUAL WELL RECORD Sec. ------------------------- T - ------------------------T. --------------------------- R - --------------------------R. --------------------------- ------------------------ Mer. PUBLIC LAND: Ref. No_ __________________ =.> .�, �. Land office ------------------------------------------------------- State----------`=--------------=�===------------=---------------------- Serial No. / -- -- -- ----- - - -- 3 -- _ Count _�1 ;' ` `" 1- - - - - -I� Permittee orLessee---------------------------------------------------------- Field-------------------=---`------------------------------------------- Operator-------=--------------------------------------- District --------------------------------------------------------------- Nell No. --=-------------- ------ j---------- Subdivision ------------ Cor.------------X ------------X Sec. Location ____________ feet from N. S. line and ____________ feet from E. W. line of ____________'/4 ____________'/4 Sec. Drilling approved ----------------------------------- 19------ Well elevation ---------------------------------------------- feet Drilling commenced _' �'_ __ ,________- Total depth _______________ _____`_' --------------- feet Drilling ceased --------------------------------------- 19------ Initial production ------------------------------------------------ Completed for production _______________________ 19______ Gravity A. P. I. __________________________________________________ Abandonment approved ------------------------ 19------ Initial R. P. -------------------------------------------------------- Geologic Formations Productive Horizons Surface Lowest tested Name Depths Contents WELL STATUS YEAR .TAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. Nov. DEC. REMARKS II.6 WRIIAlIQIt PRIHt@fO ORICi 6-9849 0 0 F(Aprfl 1952) orm 99588 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 9999' 9999 i9999- -T. _. --- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY -- ------------ CONSERVATION DIVISION ------------------------1 INDIVIDUAL WELL RECORD ------ . N. P. R. Land office Serial No. --- .._ Lessee Date_ June _ 3,-_ 1959--- .- -- State Alaska Mer. Ref. No. Field Operator -- U. S. Navy District West Coast Region Well No. Umiat "rest_ We11__#1________________ *Subdivision ----------------------- —_ Location Lot.-d'2f2_14 N.i-Longi. 152"z9!" -'------------------- Drilling approved _— — _—____, 19—____ Well elevation — 810 K. B. -------9999—_ feet Drilling commenced —__ June ?2 19 A5__ Total depth —__ 6005 feet Drilling ceased t _G5 —____—, 19 A6__ Initial production — None Completed for production_-___-_—__-_—, 19_------ Gravity A. P. I.--_— -- ed AbandoY»,a Oct . .5—, 19 _k6_ _ Initial R. P. Geologic Formations Productive Horizons Surface Lowest tested Now Depths Contents WELLSTATUS --------------------------------- --------------- ------- YEAR JAN. FEB. MAB. APs. MAY JUNE JULY Au(;. SEPT. OcT. Nov. Dza. 1945 Drg-. Drg. - ISI __DSI DSI ISI 99--999999 99--9999-- W1 ---__- 1946 DSI - - 999 DSI 9-9999-- ISI -9999--- - DSI 9999-- --- DSSI -9999-- --Drg-.- deg. Org. Drg. Drg. Drg. Abd. Unsnrvyed----------_-_—_--------------------------------------------------------------------- --- ----------------- T_02-of_gr _ted_1309 t------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------15!sn_9-fiRet-w4-6a-a ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ---99 -- -saeks---- -------------------------- ------- -------- ----------- -----_ Geo _ 3 cal. Survey grof'essional Paper 34-B N--------------_---- R. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 18-38067-4 i. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Sharon, Mass. November 13, 1946. a Dr. Topa B. Reeside, Tr., 331 U. National Museum, Was ington, 25, D. C. Dear Do/tor Reeside I have at last been through the Umiat No. 1 well samples that were picked out and am sending a brief report, most of which is not of much help, I am afraid. "The material is certainly very poorly preserved except occasional specimens. A number of the species seem to be close to if not identical with those which Wickenden recorded from the "Upper Cretaceous, of the Prairie Provinces" in his paper (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 3rd ser., vol. 26, sect. IV, 1932, pp. 95-91, pl. 1). These are mostly from the Bear - paw formation of Alberta but some of them are from other formations. Identi- fications are usually somewhat doubtful as the specimens are not in good detail. Most of these things would indicate decidedly that it is of Upper Cretaceous age. The species of Robulus ranges from Navarro ,to at least lower Austin. // I hope the identifications will help samewhat although I do not know anything in detail about the vertical ranges of these species of W ckenden's. I have packed up the slides and if you think it all right will return them: to you. The bottled material of the various shallower wells iAll take some time, although from a glance at thea I think many of then are barren of identifiable forms. I am sending this with carbon copy so that.one can go to Payne without its having to be recopied. 1818-2011 few; none identifiable. 1820-2351 few forems: Massilina very compressed. Loxostomum. cushmeni Wickenden ? Gaudryina sp. Miliammina manitobeusis 'Wickenden, sp. 13. 1825-301 Massilina very compressed, and Gaudryina sp. 1830-351 Massiline very compressed Gaudryina cf. bearT)awensis Wickenden Miliammina. manitobensis 'Alickenden, sp. 14. 1835-401 Spiroplectammina mordenensis Nickanden ? Gaudryina le aa�uensis 'Wickenden ? Massiline very compressed. Hapdop hragmium kirki,Wickenden Trochammina sp. Robulus sp. 1940-451 Very poorly preserved; Gaudryina bearpawensis XTickenden ? 1845-501 Very poorly preserved; Massilina very compressed and Gaudryina sp. 1850-551 1 poorly preserved foram: Gaud.EXina bearDa-wensis V..ickenden? 1865-701 fex,-and very poor; none identifiable. 1875-801 almost nothing; none identifiable. 1905-101 very poorly preserved; none identifiable. 1910 -131 -core Numerous specimens but mostly unidentifiable and poor: Miliammina manitobensis Wickenden ? Gaudlyine bearpawensis Wickenden ? 2020-251 very few and poor; none identifiable. 2190-95" 1 specimen; not identifiable. 2355-601 only 1 specimen; poor, not identifiable. 2405-10? very poorly preserved specimens: Haplophragnoides fraseri 2405-,101 rNumerous --very poor - Haplophragmoides fraseri '�,fickenden ? eji ckenden 2545-501 Very few and poor; Gaudryina sp. and Haslophragnoides sp. 2840-451 1 specimen: Loxostoraun cusbmani Wickenden ? 2880-851 1 only; too poor to identify. 3210-15!, 1 only; probably Haplophragnoides fraseri AUckenden. 3215-201 Numerous but mostly too poor to identify; Milia -mina manitobensis Wickenden ? Gaudryina bearpawensis Wickenden ? 3220-251 Numerous but very poor; Robulus mfinsteri (Roemer). 3355-601 1 Haplophragnoides sp. 4585-901 very few; too poor to identify. 'A 4640-451 very few; too poor to identify. 4650-551 very few; too poor ,to identify. 4660-651 1 Haplophragnoides sp. 4675-801 Robulus mtInster! (Roemer). 4720-251 few; very poor; not identifiable. 4730-35t too poor to identify." 4750-551 Hapl;Dhragmoides fraseri Wickenden ? Others too poor to identify. 4780-851 1 Robulus mftsteri PAWT) ? 4800-051 2 specimens too poor A '6�A M -a enti fy. 4840-451- 1 Robulus mUnsteri (R6" Haplophragnoides sp.. 4870-751 1 Paeudoglandulina manifest (Reuss). Uniat Test Well INTo, 21 D MQRSCA U, S" GOOLOGUAL SUIRTIRT; UNICILOGN A70 2a =- 12 kI wa Slltetone, partly clayey, vevy sugiat2,y medim. grag, well indurated; Conchol-dal fractwre. 2 302-312,11 97 Ssaae ar, above 3 pe -322V 8; 1111 ORIV Box dropped In txa�sit, Cora not in order. Indlestions ire theA the lithology Is essentially as a-bovo, 51 &-adstone, fine to very fins gral-jj, yello% sligbtl7y cel eareous, wall induw;ated- wyue qp;rboaaceouz frao-mants- -petrolifexous odor� 2. S ,Tps as ebove,, Slightly more ",roae. A 21 8.'isv ",59 Fisandstone, very fiae grain- ts.=Cq Giltstono, lleftb IrIghly, argillaceous- porozity,, wall induzoated, 512 7 4-taght 10troliferov's odor. V ssnds'60ne fine to very fine grain, argm,11ace-oug, IlOn-calca"ZOOus, 1O1,xT-pOro§'1'ty, wall indurated- -Oetro'. 11ferous odor. 3.51 &-ne as top 1.50 2.751 aye as 11 above. 6 Sandstar-9 very Ifine grain, argillaceous, pale yal.-Lo &Teen -yellowy low pororilbr, well IndwateC, sor ear'Pone-coo-as fraguenti.; aandy siltalhono in 7=?-%st� nen-c-alcaroo-us. 7 M-355 331;stoneydark- grgy, all indv'rateC, coneholdal ft%aeture, 6 01,1355-365 Sandy silts -tons and mndslana, very fine grain, pale yellow-eTeen-YO110% o"I'lahtly Ca2Ca--."CO-u"z in parts; 100 porn if-Ity, wnll Ind-arale d, some carban'. -secous fragments, 9 365 -Wo? ftltsOonea; daek gray, wall lneluTatod:. conchoidal Tracture, 10 Z'110--377 A*653 Same av above. 11, 0755-385? 03 None 12 085-3877 Siltstono, highl,-)r argillacs=s,- non,-'calaaraovs., lrediwu to daek g;t"M J. JL 0. PIB Sands kris" medi-mu to very fa! pa3.,a �y yc vzn-ealo'aroous, vaarl-elu-' p 0: 0 3 1 tyi fe , dble to iira'r-ouz Odor. P M Coval...!a�t DeT)th LtiLv:2ve2j- Lb -4 11_�qa I Mill . a &Z 14 WOW 215, SaWstone, MOOM to very wine grained* Mshk YOM,;- green"Yellnuo moderately argAWPOUS, low to MeMUM Twrosity, cell indurated, petrollferous odor. laminae,, 15 095-4004 2175T &,oic tr-oe as nbovr-,, 400-408i 1.66T "lame 1-�-q abovi�" 17 WOW MW "33vair. t"' -pe, 'abcv(D. sligMy WgWav In color. is MAW 4.15, sands. toneo Mi OMM gray, fine to very fine evain, I 111Y at"T It. g, loll wall KNOW% Petroliferams aden Care-broaka Into bincyat-like pieces. 19 418-031 Q66T Same type as abovo, A type ao ab=v eitept yetroji%rous only jn� TOM. 0. 50 Silt AM, sligblly sandy, medium gTay, noEmea1cay- wraear,, vall ir.dJurate-A., 22 431-4449 MY 14 Same type as abevo. 0,50 Mnestonz* donsej slity in parta, poje to mpa�kl yellovv well Azuratel. OW colt shale, van-Caleareouz, medium gray, Uall 011� durated. Wdotone, Un ak vaer-y fine grair'* 324--ghLy SWI&ISCeOU0, lew Parvoity, vall indurated, patroliferons adar. 23 4 &.1- 4050 4,51 We V abovv,ji--ats a. -v 24 450-4652 Same a0va. 25 465 -AX -V 9.751 7,51 RIMCm sandy A parts, OWSY Q snak WHO in yarty, UU11 indurated, PAVOINUOUVOW, 1,257 Silt slaloy EaQhAy sandy, tO &A 9MA madarataly I adarated. 26 465�4753 INDIA siltnhs'10, arglllaeewas' '1{' 't-ealq. car a0us, dark to SNray, modara} ,,,'!,Tr indurated. 27 48,",- 67a 4"'3v SMACK10, fine to WAM gTain, weak Y0110th Olightly Willaesouss nun-calcaveous,, ,ned�iwa pornsit. Qdvratedv soma canonacenus matariall istarbedded csndy AW shale, day, to MUM gray, laminated to 420 thick. Sand in middle one foot V coral ban Petroliferovs Odor _.:2.1) �U IMICOMEM 487-492t 2.51 Interbedded silt abs -le and sandstone, vary fine grain, same type as above, 2.51 Faadstone, Ptni� to very Ti-ne grain, medium, gray slightly araillaeeou% non calcareous, ma&xm Mrosity well indurated, petraliferous odor. 29 4092-4991 71 Sandstone, medium to fine grain, weak yallow-grmeen- yellow, slightly calcareous In parts, maftum rorositin well Indurated, some Carbonaceous laminae, -pet o lfe,:- one odor. 0 - 130 499-509 7,31 0,41 Sandstones same as above. 6.91 Silt shale and 01-V shale, weals yellow to medium gray, non calla moderately indurated, vtwy flasileo sand' in lower 0,540 509-519 7.41 Tuterbedded silt sballe and MU&Y siltstone, laminated to thin beds, light to dark- gray* nom�Calcareo"a%,4 moderately indurated, some carboi=eous -,Vra6rants, 2.51 Sandstone, Iftne to very fine �°adns weak 781101A-greGn- yellow. non-cal-careous, woll indurated, car1bonaceoua, bra tints coramon, slip e ,ht r troliferous odor. 32 519-529 91,81 11,5f Same as 7,41 Woove. 3,,31 'Ilay and silt shale, dull yelloxi moderately in-dlur- atedl, very fissilot non calcareous. 4.8' -Sandstons,, fine grain, non -calcareous$ well ind-vaatel `y Abundant carbo-aaceous laminae and fr-qMento, strong ,3etroliferoua odor in marts. 33 529-539 None 34 539-1,544 None 35 54 41- -53,54 9631 511tstone and silt abAle, sandy in newts, some car- 'bonaceous fra�-,ents, slightly caleareousg, dark gr4yv moderately indurated, dips of 10 to 20 degreas show at t" of core. 35 37 55-411-562 None 38 562-572 10.2-10) Clay qhala and claystone, ell-&-tly calcareous, ma&Awi k r..ay, moderatelv ind-orated. JV darl 39 572-682 9.11 Clay u1mis and alqystoneQ slightly' cale=eous,, wea'111=1 ,'Jo dark gm7, moderately indurated; bottom 0 5.-YaGneg are siltatone, caleareouce medi4m to light grqr. 4.0 6026.609 5.61 511tstone and, cilt shale, ;,dth I-aterbadded cltqy shale 'in I'Syers 1/8 to 1 inch thick, midi -an to daWk �- qv- -ar ,511tstons is caleareous, modarataly inn ated. 41 630-640 91,31 Siltatona, medium gTay, non -calcareous, a -few OP—r- bonaceous fragpients, well induraul-ed, ftos of 10 to degraes amarent In some of the -30--G. MS. VLyala 1j •v t 7t � T)t �io 11 42 640-643 alit sil z tloaee 2h:. ll y in Da t 5 non iia.S. t ar oo'i so dark p3„"L! 3 1.71 S3ltstone, sandy, non eal.ear roue, medium to damek -v7, mo erately indur twig small pe°leaymde at 645 feet. weell indnrated, appears to be slightly cross -bedded IL fotj very thin am.cite pyrite vs;nlets in Lower half 3.51 Si l t shale, non -calcareous, medium to dark iWay, mod of the core. 43 680-690 :9121 Si.ltstone, non -calcareous,, dark gray, well indurated, the bass. a few carbonaceous fragments. 44 75()-760 9.71 Siltstone, non -calcareous, dark -ay, well indurata(l, well indurated; small amount of interbedded silt shp-Is, shaly to tbin bedded, clips not determinable. medium la dark g'ay,, slightly calcareous, in - 3.7$ Siltstone, sandy, slightly calcaileo s. light to medium 49 790-8001 9.251 Smadotone, fine rr'a1n, moderately argillacecrasp Cray, well indvra.ted, carbonaceous fragments, xPeny Glightly Galea Pous, medi.mi-norosi tyo well indnrstedp nyritized, betdin°' difficult to doterminep dips prob- strong petroliferous odor; breaks into biscuit -like ably, less than 5 dm pies. -5 760-771 1w° Core missing. 46 770-780 10. P" (7) V Sandstone, :'rota to medium grains alightly£n, l .aceous, el:ightly caleareouoa meditm porosity, gall indurated, some carbonaceous fragments, stiong petroliferous odor; care breaks into small biscuit -like rleees. 8.21 Clay shale, sl.i.rhtly calcarea -.s, dull yellow. soft and very fissils; serine interbedded silt shale 3n I to 2 mach Layers. 47 780.790 10.217) 3,31 Clay ohal.e and silt shale sntarbeddeds non—calcareous, medlvm to dark Vayp moderately in -derated, dins of approximately 3 3.egrees: abundant xrelecypod shells, 1.71 S3ltstone, sandy, non eal.ear roue, medium to damek -v7, weell indnrated, appears to be slightly cross -bedded on a small. scale 3.51 Si l t shale, non -calcareous, medium to dark iWay, mod ora- telt' indurated, slialy to thin bedded, a'biLi ant 'pel.ecypod fragmen Vs In top 2 feet, more sandy near the bass. I $ 1.81 s . jd�`wtonQm mediwzi grain, light t4 medium grayv 4.' li ght,4, argil.l.aceous, a on-cal.careons, medium to high porosity, well indurated; small amount of interbedded silt shp-Is, medium la dark g'ay,, slightly calcareous, in - derated, in 1/2 to 1 inch. beds, p trolifearous odor, 49 790-8001 9.251 Smadotone, fine rr'a1n, moderately argillacecrasp Glightly Galea Pous, medi.mi-norosi tyo well indnrstedp a few carbonaceous ftag r entay no wedding atmarent, strong petroliferous odor; breaks into biscuit -like A) ace a. 41) 800-810' 6.51 Saacistoneb eame as above,. 50 81-0-8201 1.54 Sandstono, medlun to fine grain, light gray, slightly ar gi.l.laceous, non-calea,eams, meth,° porosity, mod- erately to `ndwated, little or no petroliferous odor, boddiHaag not apparent; 'breaks into ormll bisvnit- Vance nieces; bawl pert ver7t fine grain sandstone, 21: ,htly calcareous, -A-- 0.51 Silt shale, sunt', medium to deark Vaya well indurated., non -calcareous. 4.054 Sandstone, sii)dler to to -j 1.21; di nn of 5 to 1-0 de gyeas; U-ja thin. clay layers 1/2 to V thicic iz: lower 'half of cors, irragiAarly intavbedaed- zrltis s =-. dstone. It Clay shale and siVI-1 sbale, deark gvay, a-andy In rcwisp rroderately to well ineluxated, -5. 1: Ut. th 10 DU Sandstone. shalt', SiRdlax to above. 192 B24-834-1 613; Sandstanss fine to medium grain, madium ��T5 Mr.— caloareous, low to medium -oorosity, well Induratedq, no 61-o5 determinable, beddlng not m-)-oarent; strong netroliferous odor and discoloration. 53 8S4--8431 7 Sandstone, fine to ve-xy fine grains pale to we&. yallow-,rpeen-ye1*11-our, moderate to 1--AgM7 argillaceouso non calcareous, low to medium -porositye well Inditrateda no bedding aMarent; potrollfeions odor In parto. 54 938-91(01 lo. 2T Sandstone, fine to very fine gTait, moderately to argillaceous, medium gray, low to medivam poro- sity, wall indurated, a few carboraceons laminae and fleaks, no beddine 9:�-narents di-ps of appro7dmately 5 leeTeea; slight, -notroliferons o&or. 55 948-9561 9.5% Saadstono, same as above, a few alliceous Ironstone nodulles scattered throup ,hzr.t. 56 956-9661. 91 Sandatona, Nina grain, medium gray to wpak gyaen- Y9"JOWI, hj&-1Y argjllaCeOUS% UOjj-7-1 Ye.ow,CalCareOS$, IOW well indnrated, carbonaceous fragiientst dips of aMro:0.mately 3 degrees, thick bedded to massive; strong netroliferous odor In -oarts, 57 966-969 2168 Smadstone, fine epair, bi ghly argillaceous, alightly calearoot,s, law nozosity, well Indurated$ some ear- bo.-aaceous fragments and I&minae, shaly to -thin bsAldedv Sao dips doterminable. 50 969-9791 91 811tstone to very fine grain sandstone, medium to dwk grays highly calear"ass, very hard, carbonaceous larainai, beds 1/4" thick to massiva, dips 5 to 10 degrees in parts, appears to be zone crooz beddlnb,- rxite nodule 1/2" in diameter at 979 feet. 979-98til B.751 1. Pt Sandstone, very fine grain, light to mediwfi p ,ray,, non -ca thinly laminated with carbon-aceous andcoa',ly. layers. sbaly, tiome pyrite rGolacement of Vragments, well indwated, cross bed6lng axwwent withir. core, dins of 5 to 8 degrees. 0.51 Silt shale, sunt', medium to deark Vaya well indurated., non -calcareous. 4.054 Sandstone, sii)dler to to -j 1.21; di nn of 5 to 1-0 de gyeas; U-ja thin. clay layers 1/2 to V thicic iz: lower 'half of cors, irragiAarly intavbedaed- zrltis s =-. dstone. It Clay shale and siVI-1 sbale, deark gvay, a-andy In rcwisp rroderately to well ineluxated, -5. -6- 60 986-996, J1 3,75P Sandstone, nedium to fine light to medium grW, moclerately 'perordty' indm-natsd, brepIrs Suilo -Diecas, bedding to detwmmiae; a few ix- regular clay &ad silt shale beds 1/211 thick, and some siltatone pellets-, petroliferous odor in lower balf. 2,51 clay shale and silt shale, interbedded, non-calear- eou% dark gra�v, moderately indurated, some carborta- ceous fragments. 2.751 Sandstone, very fine grain, walk yell opreen-yollovt moderately arglllaeeous4 non-calcareous, well inclur- a ated, numerolao carbonaceous micaceous laminae, breake into small biscuit-like pieces; dips of lamirwz 5 to 10 degrees® 61 996-9981 2f Sandstone* very-fine grain, highly arnllacaous, hiGhly calcareous, low r-orosit7t light Vaq, well indurated, bedding not deterominable, a-nneaxa to be massive, grades to sandy limestone in '0v1ror part, 62 998-1000$ 2,41 Snzdy limestone, similar to Above, aarbonaoeous letminae in to7,) 611. 63 1000-10051 4.15t Sandy limestone, came as above, vxWc grean-yellow-. 64 1005-10151 9.61 1.5v Same an above. .2.51 Sandstone, very-fine grain, highly calear",us, low parosit.y, well Ladurzated, calcite veft'lets 1/1160 thick, breaks into biscuit-like pieces, no bedding apparent. 5,61 Sandstone, similar to above, slightly calcareous, weak petrollfaro-as odor, massive, a-arbonaceoue fr&&- ments, 65 lolr>-10251 100 Sandstone, very-fine grain, light gray to weak green- yellow, h4ghly argillaceous, rlightly calcareous in parts, low porosity, well Indiwated, some carbonaceous fragments, bedcli.V.. diffltcult to deterurine, massive to bisvait-like pieces; sliest of odor(?). 66 1025-1034t 9.11 Note: 3= dronna;, oncen in tr"ansit, correct poo-It-.1can of core in boiaoubtful, Sandoto,ae, Voey-fine gr-ain, light gxay to weak gres'n- yellow, slightly to Mealy calear,-,.ious, low noro4_'Lty, vvIl Inlurated, abundant carbonaceous fragments;. asiAd.9-1 li-mesto-io, ln;eak yello-wo abundant carbonaceous frag�_ moits; ahaly sazistonst dips of 2 to 4 dee,-sas; car - bonaaeoras micace-ous laminae, probably aros9bedded, a few striated calcite laminae. 67 1034-1044" 9.61 Sandstoaa, very-fine grain, medium gTay, bigbly ar- gillacei-as, non cal caxeousA c6 3I Indurate&, low pazosit,r, earbonaceous fragments amd laminae, mica- ceous, I lajainat,,-d to massive beds, dips of 4 to 7 depTees In upper part, of core, di-na of less than. A. degrees in lower -partof core, -6- fore ITI, ,7. e_76h Recovery DescrimNion fib 1044-1045 0.43 Sandstone, finoz to very -fine grain, light gTay to weak green -yellow, moderately argillaceous, low porosity, non -calcareous, well indurated, some car- bonaceous Laminae, no bedding amarent. 69 1045-1.055 9.31 6,53 Sandstone, very fine grain, medium gray to weak green -yellow, .highly argillaceous; non -calcareous, low porosity, well indurated, a few carbonaceous fragments and laminae, macaceousR massive, 2.81 Sandy sil.tstone, carbonaceous fl,.eeks and laminae, slightly to moderately calcareous, medium gray, we'll in.dura.ted, ' massive-, more carbonaceous in lower 0.52 70 1055M1065t 101 Sandy si.ltstons, medium to dark gray, abundant carbonaceous material, non -calcareous, moderately induratad, massive to shaly in -oarts dins apnrox. 5 degrees; more sandy in middle 11. 71 1065--1066' 1.01 Same as 1.01 above. 72 1209-12111 1.5: Si? t sone, medium gray, a few carbonaceous fragments,, non-calcareouss. moderately indurated, massive dips probably 5 degrees or less. 73 1429-1.4:39$ 10% Siltsto.ae and silt shale, slightly sandy, carbon- aceous :material rare, non -calcareous, medium -dark gray, moderately indurated, bedding shaly to 6®8=' thick. Dips irregular, probably less than 5 degrees, One pelecypod fragment at lower and of core. 74 1618-16231 5F Sandy siltstone, mottled sand and silt in parts, car- bonaceous material rare, non -calcareous, medium -dark gray, well indurated, massive. 75 1850-16550 5.510) Olay shale and salt shale, non -calcareous, medium gray, moderately indurated, dips approx. 3 degrees. 76 214521501 W Clay sh.Ae, dark gray, fissile, nor -calcareous, poorly •indurated;; beds dip 4 degrees or less, 77 2408-24131 51 Silt sh=ale, mecUum-dark gray, fissile, non ca? ca:r- eourl, moderately indurated, buff I-Airlike incluslono long, common beds clip 5 degrees or less. 78 2413-24181 49 Saime as above. "Y9 2631-26411 91 xnl;arbedded clary shale 1/3" thick and sandy, miraceou4, laminated silt shale 1 thick, medium= gray, no -a -calcareous, moderately indurated. beds dip ap-oroximately 5 degrees, some cross -bedding; poorly -preserved. -nelacyzaod and ammonite fragment in upper 41. -7- Coxe yiaa Death RecoveKy Descrintion 80 2784-2794$ 7.89 Similar to above clay shale and silt shale with minor shale amounts of sandy silt shale in very thin layers and lenses. One small pelecypod (Inoceramus ?) at top of core, 81 3000,-30079 61 Siltstone, slightly shaly, medium gray, non calcar® eoue, micaceous, moderately indurated, small amount of tiny carbonaceous fragments scattered throughout, bedding obscure probably dips less than 5 degrees. Dental.ium round at 30049. 82 3267-869 8.99 Siltstone, medium grey, slightly sandy in parts, non- calcareous, ?oncalcareous, some carbonaceous dant fragments, moderately indurated, poorly develoned shaly beddangs beds dip about 3 degrees. 83 W-1-506 79 Siltstone, medium grayy shalt', very fine grained., . sandy micaceous layers and lenses 1,8-1/411 thick are common-oarticularly in lower half of core, non-ncal- oarsous, a few carbonaceous fragments moderately Indurated, beds dip 5-10 degrees also considerable cross bedding. 84 3606-1.69 9B Similar to above but with a few clayey laminae and very few sandy layers, beds dip 4-8 degrees. 85 3616-31.9 01 86 3621-26' 2.39 Siltstone and very Fine grained micaceous sandstone interbedded, medium gray, sandy parts slightly cal- caseous, mbdera,tely indurated, beds dip 515 degrees, cro;ssbedding common. 87 3737-479 1.95 Similar to abo-ure; less sanely, beds dip 5 degrees or less. 88 3747•-50$ 0.5t Similar to abovel interbedded thin sandstone and siltstone, crosssbedded, 89 3877-87" 5.69 Siltstone and sandy silt9tone with some thin beds of very fine grained sandstone, medium to dark may, non -calcareous, modetately indurated, beds dip about 5 degrees with a Pew as high as 10 degrees, sorae crossbedding, 90 4087-974 7.29 Siltstone, clayey, medium gray, non -calcareous, moderately indurated, tiny carbonaceous fragments 'present, rock massive with laminar banding, beds dip 1520 degrees. Some highly polished surfaces, (slickenssided ?) parallel or nearly parallel to bedding. 91 4220-32o 696" Predominantly silt stone, grading at times, and to a lesser degree, to clayotone and silt shale, con- siderable onsiderable carbonaceous material in small grains -8- core 260. Doh Recov r Descri-otion 91 continued admixed, non -calcareous, darn gray, well indurate& micaceous, slickrnsides common.. Dips 20325 degrees. Microfossils absent. 92 4433-44431 71941 Silt shale, fissile, grading to clay stone and silt - stone somewhat massive, carbonaceous material admixed to a lesser extent than In previous core, non -calcar- eous, dark gray, well indurated, micaceous. Dips 1-2 degrees. Hicrofossils rare. 93 4610.201 912►1 Silt shale, rarely carbonaceous, non -calcareous, dark gray, well indurated, micaceous, interbedded with thin laminae, light to medium gray, argillaceous silt - stone. Dips 4-6 degrees. Microfossils rare. 94 4787-,920 9161' Silt shale and silt stone grading sporadically to clary shale and clay stone, non -calcareous, medium to dark gray, well indurated, micaceous, dips 1-2 degrees becoming 3.-5 degrees with depth. Slicker- siding at high angle with minor lateral movements Microfossils rare. 95 4985951 8094' Siltstone to siltshale and clay shale, rarely car- bonaceous, non -calcareous, medium to clank gray; micaoeous, well indurated, fissile to shale to sub - conchoidal fracture. beds slightly crossbedded in upper portions, dips 1522 degrees, well defined, in lower -portions. Common striated, slickensided sur- faces along vertical joint planes and along bedding planes. Argillaceous gouge material along inter- stices of striations. Microfossils very rare. 96 '5185-941 6184' Predominantly clay to silt shale, few very fine silty sandstone beds, inonealcareous, finely micaceous, medium to dark gray, well indurated, dips 2s3 degrees, Microfossils absent. 97 5385950 Be Silt to clay shale, non -calcareous, micaceous, median to dark gray, well indurated, dips 3-5 degrees, streaked with very thin streaks and interbedded with .. than laminae of sandstone, light gray, moderately argillaceous, moderately indurated, micaceous. Micro - fossils absent. 98 5585.55950 8$94! Predominantly silt shale, considerable resinous to black tar like carbonaceous material admixed, nor- calcaroous, medium to dark gravy, well indurated., dips 2-4 degrees, interstratif ed with thin laminae and streaks of sandstone, very fine, light to medium gray, moderately argillaceous. Microfossils very 99 5785950 81910 PredoWLnantly clay shale, silty in part, black tam like, coaly or carbonaceous plant remains admixed, pyritised plant remains in part, micaceous, non -cal- - 9- Gore aro. Depth Recovery Descri-otlon 99 continued careous, medium to dark gray, well indurated, dips 8-10 degrees, streaks and laminae of light gray, very fine moderately argillaceous sandstone. Mic:rofoss- ils absent. 100 5883m5903t 412" Predominantly clay shale, silty, carbonaceous laminae of tar like material abundant, carbonized plant remains throughout, micaceous, non -calcareous, medium -dark gray, well indurated, fine lamina; of silt and very Fine, light to medium gray sandstone. Dios 8-10 d.egeeas, Microfossile very ra{a. 101 6052-729 1796" Silt to clay shale, carbonaceous in part, non: cal- careous, pyritized material admixed, finely micaceous,, medium to dark gray, well indurated, dins 2-5 degrees«, interstratified with thin sandstone laminae, very £inao very light to light gray, non to slightly calcareous, finely micaceous. Microfossils absent. 102 6185-62001 14x6" Silt shale, carbonaceous in hart, non to very slightly calcareous, micaceous, medium to dark gray, well indurated, dips; 2-5 degrees, interstravi- fied with thin sandstone laminae, very finer light gray, non to slightly calcareous, mioaceous6 Microfessils absent. LoggE d by: W. 11. Lockwood R. M. Chapman A. S. Keller This log re-edited for distribution with new scale graphic log of Umiat T. Wt, No. 2 - May 20, 1949 A. Samuel Keller, Geologist UMIAT TEST WELL NO. 1 CRETACEOUS Seabee Formation: 9'-915' Ninuluk Formation: 915'-1010' Chandler Formation, Kilik tongue: 1010'-1309' Grandstand Formation: 1309'-2010' Chandler Formation, Killik tongue: 2010'-2085' Grandstand Formation: 2085'-2840' Topagoruk Formation (Torok): 2840'-5650' Oumalik Formation (Torok): 5650'-6005' TABLE - WELL: �� l%) /Ii J�f`�' .s:% Cc'r�".!: L 1, REFERENCE: (.' 0 r: i rr..' , (._ �j Compilation of information, based on "lithologic descriptions" from the literature, regarding "calcareous" and/or other materials recognized, which represent constituents of interest with regard to potential development of secondary dissolution porosity. "Calcareous" here refers to materials which exhibit readily discernible reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid. r� Presumably, this technique would most likely only result in the recogni- tion of such carbonate minerals as calcite, aragonite, and possibly, highly - ferrous dolomite [c.f. Dickson, (3(); Nash and Pittman, '(',6)J, while less - reactive carbonate phases (dolomite, siderite, ankerite) would not be de- i i tected. Hence, the "calcareous" horizons reported in this table represent a minimum, in terms of carbonate minerals possibly present within the strati - graphic intervals tested. TEST WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA ` ® I 1 MJ tj 5 stone primarily in grain size, although some is slightly darker. Clay shale is medium dark gray, slightly to very silty, slightly micaceous, and noncalcareous, with a small amount of carbonaceous material. Claystone differs from the clay shale by having irregular or con- choidal fracture and being slightly less micaceous. The top of the formation is placed below the lowest occurrence of Trochammina rutherfordi Stelck and Wall of the Ninuluk formation and above the coal; the base is marked by a thin but persistent bed of sandstone. GRANDSTAND FORMATION Almost all of the oil produced in the Umiat field came from the 660- to 760 -foot Grandstand formation (Early and Late Cretaceous?), a sequence of marine sandstone. The light- to medium -light -gray very fine- to fine-grained sandstone beds are 5-100 feet thick and composed of subangular to subrounded grains of clear and white quartz, with some gray chert and dark rock fragments, rare grains of muscovite, biotite, pyrite, and carbonaceous material. The rock is slightly silty and argillaceous, and very little of it is calcareous. The sandstone beds are commonly mas- sive, but a few have laminae of siltstone and claystone. Porosity ranges from less than 1 to 20 percent, and permeability from less than 5 to almost 500 milli- darcys. The uppermost sandstone is 50-75 feet thick and is found throughout the area. The lower sand- stone, much greater in total thickness, is massive in some wells and contains clay shale beds in others. These two beds of sandstone contain most of the oil in Umiat field and are referred to in this report as the upper sandstone bed and the lower sandstone bed. The upper and lower sandstone beds are separated by 300 feet or more of medium -dark -gray slightly to very silty slightly micaceous and noncalcareous clay shale, with some silty or carbonaceous partings and fair shaly cleavage. It contains some thin beds of sandstone. Siltstone is also present as laminae or thin beds in the sandstone and clay shale; it is medium gray and commonly argillaceous. The top of the Grandstand formation is characterized by the abrupt appearance of the Verneuilinoides borealis fauna of Bergquist (see p. 199) in a 2- to 40 - foot bed of clay shale. The same fauna is also present in most of the shale beds between the sandstones of the Grandstand formation and in the underlying Topa- goruk formation; it is sparsely represented in the sand- stone beds themselves. This foraminiferal assemblage is largely arenaceous and suggests a shallow -water marine environment. The base of the formation is picked arbitrarily at the base of the lowest thick sandstone. TOPAGORDK FOi-MATIOY The clay shale of the marine Topagoruk formation (Early Cretaceous) is medium dark gray, slightly to very silty, noncalcareous, and partly micaceous; it is indistinguishable from that of the Grandstand forma- tion. A few thin beds of very fine-grained very silty argillaceous noncalcareous sandstone are present in the upper part, and both siltstone and sandstone form laminae and irregular Ienses in the shale. The silt - stone and sandstone of the Topagoruk formation are likewise similar to those of the Grandstand formation, but the sandstone is finer grained, siltier, and more argillaceous. The Topagoruk formation had no shows of oil or gas. It is about 2,800 feet thick, and particu- larly the upper part contains a large number of Foram- inifera typical of the Verneuilinoides borealis fauna. An Albian ammonite, Gastroplites sp., and very rare crinoid ossicles have also been found in this formation. OUTYL&L K FORMATION Only about 400 feet of the Oumalik formation (Early Cretaceous) has been penetrated in the Umiat area (in test wells I and 2), and its total thickness is unknown. It is composed of marine clay shale with very rare thin beds of siltstone and sandstone. The clay shale is slightly darker and harder than that of the Topagoruk formation and contains fewer silty laminae; it is medium dark to dark gray, very slightly silty in part, and noncalcareous. The sandstone is light brownish gray and very fine grained, and it is composed of angular clear quartz, much of which has a brownish tinge; the small amount of silty argillaceous interstitial material is also brownish gray. Silt, clay, mica, chert, and other interstitial material are less common than in the sand- stone of the overlying Topagoruk and Grandstand formations. The Verneuilinoides borealis faunal as- semblage is absent; a very few microfossils are present that are not found in the overlying formations. UMIAT TES^ T' WELL 1 Location: Lat 6�-23�152N.' Ong g 1 '45" W. Elevation: Ground, 801 feet; kelly bushing, 810 feet. Spudded: June 22, 1945; shut down September 19, 1945, and re- opened June 2, 1946. Completed: October 5, 1946, dry and abandoned. Total depth: 6,005 feet. The first deep test in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 was originally scheduled to be located at Cape Simp- son, but this plan was changed after the Umiat anti- cline was found to have several hundred feet of closure, in contrast to the area of unknown structure at Cape Simpson. The site: for Umiat test well 1, on a ridge between two branches of Seabee Creek, was picked on the basis of geologic and topographic reconnaissance mapping by a Navy party under Lt. W. T. Foran in 76 EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 1944. In August 1944 Navy Construction Battalior Detachment No. 1058 set up a base camp at Barrow, and during the winter of 1944-45 a National 50 drilling rig, with a 96 -foot cantilever -type mast, and other rotary drilling equipment were hauled by sled train to the drill site. In December 1944 a small group of Seabees established a temporary tent camp at the east end of Lake Umiat to support drilling operations. The present Umiat camp, about a mile southwest of the lake, was used as a base of operations for field work and drilling in the southern part of the Reserve until the exploration program was suspended. The well was spudded in June 22, 1945, and shut down for the winter on September 19, 1945, at a depth of 1,816 feet. On June 2, 1946, drilling was resumed by Arctic Contractors. The test was abandoned on October 5, 1946, at a total depth of 6,005 feet. In the summer of 1946 more detailed geologic mapping of the anticline by a U. S. Geological Survey field party showed that the well was several hundred feet south of the axis and about 5 miles west and several hundred feet below the apex of the anticline. Approximately 900 feet (9-915 feet) of the marine Seabee formation was penetrated in drilling Umiat test well 1. Sandstone makes up more than half of the upper 250 feet of the formation; below that depth only a few thin sandstone beds, less than 15 feet thick, were found. Oil odor and stain were reported from a few sandstone beds, but a formation test recovered only a trace of oil. The clay shale and claystone above 341 feet are medium light to medium gray, with shaly, irregular, or conchoidal fracture; laminae of silt are common. The unit between 341 and 535 feet is also clay shale, but it is much darker (medium dark gray), and much of it is fissile. (Bentonitel partings are common, and 3 beds of bluish -w to bentonite about 1'M, 3, and 5 feet thick, are present in the ower part of the shale; biotite flakes are common. Inocer- amus cf. I. labiatus and Borissiakoceras sp., diagnostic of the Seabee formation, were in the cores from these beds. A 15 -foot fine-grained sandstone bed marks the top of the shallow -water marine Ninuluk formation, which is present between 915 and 1,010 feet. In this hole the formation is composed of nearly equal amounts of sandstone, siltstone, and shale in beds 3-20 feet thick. The siltstone has crossbedded clay shale laminae, and the clay shale has slightly crossbedded laminae of siltstone. A trace of oil was reported in the uppermost sandstone bed. The Killik tongue of the Chandler formation occurs between 1,010 and 1,309 feet and between 2,010 and 2,085 feet. The repetition is caused by a reverse fault at 2,010 feet which duplicated not only a small part of the Killik tongue but almost all of the Grandstand formation as well; the vertical displacement is 775 feet. Oil saturation was reported in the thin sandstone at the base of the tongue. The top of the Grandstand formation at 1,309 feet is marked by a 20 -foot bed of clay shale containing the uppermost occurrence of the Venmuilinoides borealis fauna. Below the shale is 50 feet of sandstone, with interbedded sandstone and shale beneath. At 1,530- 1,560 feet is a sandstone which cannot be identified in the other Umiat wells; it is represented in them by a shale sequence containing a few thin sandstone beds. The thickest sandstones, however, ranging from 10 to 80 feet in thickness, occur between 1,735 and 2,840 feet; they are separated by thin beds of shale. The section including the thick sandstone beds between 1,735 and 2,010 feet is repeated below 2,010 feet by the thrust fault mentioned above. Porosity of the sandstone ranges from 6.2 to 20 percent, and permeability, from less than 1 to 63 millidarcys. (See table on p. 91.) Oil shows were reported in several beds, and gas was detected once, but tests recovered fresh water with only a trace of oil. Below 2,840 feet, however, the Topagoruk formation has only a few thin sandstone beds, although sandstone and siltstone Iaminae, crossbedded in many places, are common. The high dips recorded are partly caused by crossbedding, but some high dips are in beds that show no sign of crossbedding and consequently are presumed to be the true dip. The contact between the Topagoruk formation and the underlying Oumalik formation is not easily recog- nized in this hole. The similarity between the shale of the two formations and contamination of the ditch samples from overlying beds obscure any break. The Topagoruk formation extends through the core at 4,200-4,204 feet. A few specimens of the pyritic Lithocampe sp., diagnostic of the Oumalik formation, were found in ditch samples between 5,780 and 5,830 feet, and a heavy -mineral sample from 5,995 feet con- tained some augite, typical of the Oumalik formation. The intervening 1,500 feet, however, was not cored and is represented by ditch samples which show only a gradual change in the characteristics of the shale and sandstone. The base of the Topagoruk formation is therefore tentatively placed at about 5,650 feet. DESCRIPTION OF CORES AND CUTTINGS A slowly increasing lag in return of the ditch samples to the surface in Umiat test well 1 caused a discrepancy in depths of litbologic changes as shown in the ditch samples and in the electric log. This difference in depth increases from about 5 feet at 1,200 feet to about 15 feet near the bottom. TEST WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA In this and the following Wells, the litbologic descrip- tions are based on an examination of ditch samples and cores. All depths are measured from the top of the kelly bushing or the derrick floor. The material was described dry, and colors were determined by com- parison with the Rock Color Chart (Goddard, 1948). Clay ironstone is a yellowish -gray to grayish -yellow and grayish -orange dense hard argillaceous rock with con- choidal fracture; it is sideritic and usually reacts slowly with cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Abundance of microfossil specimens mentioned at the beginning of each core description is defined as follows: 1-4 very rare, 5-11 rare, 12-25 common, 26-50 abundant, and over 50 very abundant. Lithologic description (Where no core is listed, description Is based on cutting samples) Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks -- 7 82-92 92-96 96-97 97-102 102-105 105-110 110-115 115-117 117-132 77 3 in., sandstone, greenish -gray, very fine-grained, very silty and argilla- ceous, noncalcareous. 1 in., sandstone, light -gray, fine- grained, very silty and argillaceous, very calcareous with abundant bio- tite; s iT gTiiiy""T7 ntonitic matrix; mas- sive. Grains angu ar to subangular clear and white quartz, with some gray chert, dark rock fragments, cal- cite, and reddish (hematitic clay?) grains. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 4ft 6 in., sandstone, light- to olive -gray, very fine- to fine-grained, very silty and argillaceous, moderately to very calca_;eous, very slightly bentonitic, massive; common carbonaceous par- ticles, pyritegrains, and biotite flakes. Grains angular to sub- angular, with the same composition as in core 4 above. A rounded frag- ment of medium -light -gray noncal- careous conchoidally fracturing clay - stone, larger than diameter (2% in.) of core, has lighter -colored laminae dipping approximately 900. 6 in., claystone, medium -light -gray, noncalcareous, with conchoidal frac- ture; also a few fine laminae of light - gray clay. Recovered 3 ft 10 in.: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -light -gray, noncal- careous, with irregular fracture; faint laminae of light -gray clay and a few laminae of light -gray silty clay toward base. Dip approximately 5°. NO sample. Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 11 in., clay shale with laminae as above; grades into unit below. 3 in., interlaminated clay shale, silt - stone, and very fine very silty argillaceous light -gray calcareous__ sandstone. Laminae id p -9'. Grades into unit below. 3 in., sandstone, light -gray, very fine- grained, very silty and argillaceous, caalca�reog, Thin streaks of clay shale dipping as much as 121 give a slightly crossbedded appearance. 2 ft 1 in., interbedded claystone, medium -light -gray, with conchoidal fracture; with silty laminae and sand- stone as above. Siltstone, light -olive -gray, argillaceous, very slightly calcareous • with a small amount of lig`Ei o .'live -gray very fine- grained very silty and argillaceous very slightly calcareous slightly mica-' ceous sandstone""as m 'sandstone de- scribed in core 7 above. Clay shale, medium -gray, very slightly silty, noncalcareous; with a very small amount of siltstone. Sample contami- nated with cement. No sample. Clay shale, with a small amount of silt - stone, as in sample described above. Recovered I I ft 8 in.: Microfossils absent. 2 ft, claystone with irregular laminae of silt; dip V. 9 ft 8 in., sandstone, light -olive -gray, fine- to very fine-grained, very silty and argillaceous, noncalcareous to 0-9 Kelly drive bushing to ground level. 9-11 C1ay, grayish -orange; with some angular to subangular very fine grains of orange, white, and clear quartz and rock frag- ments. Top of test well in Seabee formation: amp a rom ground at ng si e. ----- 11-22 Sandstone, light -olive -gray, fine- to me- dium -grained, silty to very silty, argillaceous, slightly to very call reou_s, hard; composed of subang uiar to- sub - rounded grains of clear quartz, white, light -gray and dark -gray chert, and some dark rock fragments, with rare grains of hematitic (?) and sideritic clay and subhedral biotite grains. Lower part of unit contains white silty, argillaceous calcareous nite which contains abun ac nn grains o ar rock fragments. Some medium -gray non - calcareous shale present in lower part. ----- 22-26 Clay shale, medium -gray, very slightly silty, noncalcareous, with rare minute biotite flakes and a small amount of sandstone as above. ----- 26-31 Sandstone as above, with a small amount of clay shale. 1 31-41 Recovered 7 ft 8 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -light -gray, noncal- careous, nonmicaceous to slightly micaceous, with subconchoidal frac- ture; abundant laminae and thin beds of argillaceous to slightly sandy siltstone, slightly lighter gray than the claystone, totaling a third of the rock. Laminae have sharp contacts and are commonly very regular. Dip 10°-13°. 2 41-55 Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone with siltstone as above; silt - stone decreases to a fourth of the rock, with depth. 3 55-65 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone with some siltstone laminae as above that total less than 10 per- cent of core. 4 65-82 Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 8 ft, claystone as above, with rare silt - stone laminae. 2 in., sandstone, light -greenish -gray, very fine-grained, calcareous with a j�-in, lamina of me' Mum `flight -gray clay shale in center; dip 25°. Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks -- 7 82-92 92-96 96-97 97-102 102-105 105-110 110-115 115-117 117-132 77 3 in., sandstone, greenish -gray, very fine-grained, very silty and argilla- ceous, noncalcareous. 1 in., sandstone, light -gray, fine- grained, very silty and argillaceous, very calcareous with abundant bio- tite; s iT gTiiiy""T7 ntonitic matrix; mas- sive. Grains angu ar to subangular clear and white quartz, with some gray chert, dark rock fragments, cal- cite, and reddish (hematitic clay?) grains. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 4ft 6 in., sandstone, light- to olive -gray, very fine- to fine-grained, very silty and argillaceous, moderately to very calca_;eous, very slightly bentonitic, massive; common carbonaceous par- ticles, pyritegrains, and biotite flakes. Grains angular to sub- angular, with the same composition as in core 4 above. A rounded frag- ment of medium -light -gray noncal- careous conchoidally fracturing clay - stone, larger than diameter (2% in.) of core, has lighter -colored laminae dipping approximately 900. 6 in., claystone, medium -light -gray, noncalcareous, with conchoidal frac- ture; also a few fine laminae of light - gray clay. Recovered 3 ft 10 in.: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -light -gray, noncal- careous, with irregular fracture; faint laminae of light -gray clay and a few laminae of light -gray silty clay toward base. Dip approximately 5°. NO sample. Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 11 in., clay shale with laminae as above; grades into unit below. 3 in., interlaminated clay shale, silt - stone, and very fine very silty argillaceous light -gray calcareous__ sandstone. Laminae id p -9'. Grades into unit below. 3 in., sandstone, light -gray, very fine- grained, very silty and argillaceous, caalca�reog, Thin streaks of clay shale dipping as much as 121 give a slightly crossbedded appearance. 2 ft 1 in., interbedded claystone, medium -light -gray, with conchoidal fracture; with silty laminae and sand- stone as above. Siltstone, light -olive -gray, argillaceous, very slightly calcareous • with a small amount of lig`Ei o .'live -gray very fine- grained very silty and argillaceous very slightly calcareous slightly mica-' ceous sandstone""as m 'sandstone de- scribed in core 7 above. Clay shale, medium -gray, very slightly silty, noncalcareous; with a very small amount of siltstone. Sample contami- nated with cement. No sample. Clay shale, with a small amount of silt - stone, as in sample described above. Recovered I I ft 8 in.: Microfossils absent. 2 ft, claystone with irregular laminae of silt; dip V. 9 ft 8 in., sandstone, light -olive -gray, fine- to very fine-grained, very silty and argillaceous, noncalcareous to W EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 10 132-142 142-143 143-163 11 163-183 12 183-203 13 1 203-221 moderately calcareous slightly ben- �omtf__c__,•, wit common flakes of blot., Grains angular to subangu- lar white and clear quartz, with gray chert and dark rock fragments; pyrite and carbonaceous particles rare, Sandstone is thassive. A W in. unit 4 ft below top of core con- tains abundant flakes of carbonized plant remains; bed of medium -light - .gray claystone Y4-1 in. thick, with conchoidal fracture, is present 1 in. below carbonaceous unit. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 3 ft 6 in., sandstone as above; grades into fine- to medium -grained at base; noncalcareous. 1 ft 2 in., sandstone as above, fine- to very fine-grained, with thin lenticular beds of medium -light -gray claystone totaling 20 percent of the rock. 4 in., sandstone as above, with abun- dant carbonaceous flakes 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter, giving appearance of very fine laminae. Dip 9°. 1 ft 6 in., sandstone as at top of core. 3 in., sandstone with carbonaceous flakes as in 4 -in. unit above. Dip 6°. 2 ft 9 in., sandstone as above; grades from very fine grained and noncal- careous at top to fine to medium grained, slightly calcareous, at base. No sample. Recovered 17 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very rare. 13 ft, claystone, medium -light- to medium -gray, noncalcareous, con- choidal fracture; rare laminae of light -gray clay and light -olive -gray siltstone, very thin to one-half in. thick, some lenticular. Dip approx- imately 6°. Inocerarnus shell, one- fourth in. in diameter, 9 ft below top of core. 4 ft 6 in., sandstone, light -olive -gray, fine- to very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, very slightly bentonitic. Grains angular to subangular, same composition as those in core 9. Sand- stone is massive. Recovered 18 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, fine-grained, slightly calcareous in part; basal 3 ft very cats care_ous. Recovered 12 ft: Microfossils absent. 9 ft 6 in., sandstone as above. Irregu- lar beds of medium -light -gray clay - stone, Yz-1 in. thick, dipping 20° or less, present 4 ft below top of core, and between 5 and 6 ft below top of core. 1 ft, interlaminated sandstone as above, slightly calcareous to noncalcareous, and clays node ass above. A Y4 -in. bed of sandstone has abundant carbona- ceous flakes on bedding planes. 1 ft 6 in., claystone, medium -gray, with rare light -gray claystone lami- nae; conchoidal fracture. Laminae dip 5°. Recovered 13 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as in core 12 above, very fine- to fine-grained, noncalcareous, massive, with rare beds and lenses (as much as 2 in. thick) of medium - gray claystone. Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) 14 221-232 15 232-252 16 252-265 17 265-285 18 285-292 19 292-302 20 302-312 21 312-316 22 316-326 Remarks Recovered 7 ft 4 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, noncalcare- ous; with conchoidal fracture; with abundant laminae of light -gray -clay and silt and thin beds (2 in. maxi- mum) of very fine-grained non - calcareous sandstone, especially in bottom 2 ft. Beds commonly len- ticular; dip V-15'. Recovered 18 ft: Microfossils very rare. 2 ft, interlaminated claystone, silt - stone, and sandstone as above. 9 ft, sandstone, light -olive -gray, very fine- to fine-grained; slightly aaL- car in part; with very rare thin 'beds (1 in. maximum) and laminae of medium -gray clay shale. Sand- stone is massive; laminae dip 9°-15°. 7 ft, interbedded sandstone and clay - stone as above. Beds 2-10 in. thick, approximately three-fourths claystone. Basal 2 ft have odor of gas or distillate when freshly broken and produce slight coloring in ether. Recovered 11 ft: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, medium -gray, noncalcare- ous; has irregular fracture; with rare beds (Y-6 in. thick) of light - olive -gray very silty and argillaceous noncalcareous slightly bentonitic sandstone with abundant bio iTe &-fe-1. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, noncalcare- ous, fractures irregularly; with very rare laminae of light -gray silty clay. Cleavage conchoidal to irregular. Recovered 6 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 4 ft 4 1n.,LbgutQRite light -bluish -gray, very silty, nonca areous; with abun- dant minute flakes of biotite; irregu- lar to conchoidal fracture. Fish- bone fragment present 1 ft below top of core. 2 ft 2 in., claystone, medium -gray, silty, noncalcareous, slightly benton- itic; with conchoidal to Ti oMy fracture; biotite flakes very rare; rare streaks of light -gray bentonitic claystone. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone as in core 18 above. A 2 -in. streak of light -olive -gray siltstone containing rare patches of carbonized plant remains 3 ft below top of core. Minute light -brown shiny balls of clay were noted in a sample washed for microfossils. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous; blocky fracture. Becomes less silty, slightly darker, with depth. Clay balls noted, as in core 19. Recovered 3 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray; becomes slightly darker at base; irregular fracture; a 2 -in. unit is very well indurated, slightly calcareous 1 ft above base of core. ay balls as in core 19. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, medium- to medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous; irregular to blocky fracture. Lower part has rare silty_ micaceous laminae and poor shalt'`cleavage. TEST WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 326-336 336-346 346-356 356-366 366-370 370-374 374-377 Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent 8 in., clay shale, medium- to medium dark -gray, nonealeareous; irregula fracture. Clay balls as in core 1! were noted in a composite sample from this core. 1 ft, claystone, light -olive -gray, vera silty, Blighty calcareous micaceous with rare pyre e, b oc y racture. 3 ft, clay sh a as at to of core. 2 ft 8 in., ntomte light -greenish• gray, slightly si ty, with scatterec small flakes biotite. Rare cross - bedded laminae and small scattered irregular bodies of light- to medium - gray claystone are present. Laminae flat lying to 10° dip. 11 in., claystone, light -gray, very b2p. tomtit slightly silty. 3 in`, cf ystone as at top of core. Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 2 ft 4 in., claystone, medium -gray, non - calcareous; conchoidal to irregular fracture; slightly darker, with very poor shaly cleavage, in part. Faint silty laminae toward base dip 8°-10°. 1 ft 4 in., interbedded sandstone, light - gray, very fine-grained, very silty and argillaceous, noncaleareous to slightly calcareous very slightly tenttonitic; vn si o s ne, similar toe�san sand- stone, and claystone as above. 4 ft 10 in., claystone, medium -gray and medium -dark -gray, noncalcareous, with conchoidal to irregular fracture. Top of dark fissile shale. No recovery, bit plugged. No recovery, bit plugged. No recovery, bit plugged. No recovery, bit plugged. Note: Ditch samples described below were taken from the depths from which no cores were recovered. 346-350 ft: Siltstone, medium -gray; probably contamination from the hole above this sample; ditch samples immediately below consist of medi- um -dark -gray fissile shale. 350-374 ft: Clav shale, medium -dark - gray, site; fine partings of light- colore bentonite I are abundant and seem to-5-e-re-MMIMble for the fissility. Recovered 3 ft: Microfossils abundant. 2 im, sandstone, light -gray, very fine- grained, silty, very 2aleareous, non- bentonitic. 2 ft 10 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, fissile; dip 9°; cleavage caused by partings of white bentonite, with abundant flakes of bi tete. Rare beds of light -bluish -gray bentonit Ys -1 in. thick. Contacts o non entonitic clay shale with bentonite are sharp. Iera � and fishbone fragments tTirougfiou Note: 5 ft of additional core, identical lithologically with core 29, may reppre- sent part of cores 25 to 28. It is labeled "core 24, bottom 5 ft" but this is incorrect, because the full re- covery of core 24 is present without this 5 feet of additional core. Lithologic description—Continued Core j Depth (feet) I Remarks 30 377-387 31 387-397 32 397-407 33 407-417 34 417-427 35 427-437 36 ! 437-447 37 447-457 38 457-467 • 39 467-477 79 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale, as in core 29 above, with I� Q�pr�.? and fish -bone fragments. Shaly cleavage poor except on ben- tonite partings. Rare beds of bluish - white entonite Y4-1 in. thick, with abundan ar grains, and light- bluish-grayIL entonit which lacks black grains, are present throughout the rock. Dip 7°. Several specimens of Inoceramus cf. I. labiatus Schlo- theim an orissiakoceras sp., and fishbone fragments between 379 and 387 ft. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. Clay shale as above, with rare ben- tonite j beds; dip 6°. Numerous specimens of I_nggera�mug cf. I. l¢bi- acus Schlotheim" , 4 specimens of a large fish scale (Tissotia sp.), fish- bone fragments, and 1 specimen of Borissiakoceras sp. were found in this core. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale as in core 31 above, but with poor shaly to conchoidal cleavage, and lacking partings and beds of bentonite. Ince% j cf. I. labia - us c o eirn-J.-cf.I. pictus Sowerby, Borissiakoceras sp., fishbone frag- ments and scales present. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, very slightly bentonitic, with abundant minute bio i e a es. Bentonite laminae very rare; one lam- ina contains abundant minute eu- hedral pyrite crystals. Very poor shaly to conchoidal cleavage. Fish- bone fragments abundant, Inocera- mus of. I. pictus Sowerby present. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. Clay shale as in core 33 above, with very rare white be el=f laminae containing minute pyrite crystals and biotite flakes and very rare light - bluish -gray bentonite beds one-half in. thick. ip approximately 51. Tno�gzu- fragments present. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale with entomte as in core 34 above. In�ocer�z��e c . I. labiatus Schlotheim and fish scales present. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, like clay shale in core 34 above but more bentonitic and with blocky to subonc ofca fracture more common than shaly cleavage. Dip probably low. Fishbone frag- ments common; fish scales also pres- ent. Recovered 10 in.: Microfossils common. Claystone as in core 36 above. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils rare. Claystone as above, but very slightly micaceous in lower part;pcw present in faint partings and as a l - in. bed 3 ft above base of core. Fish- bone fragments and scales present. .Dip probably low. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone as above. Two 2 -in. beds of M EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 40 477-487 411 487-490 42 490-499 43 44 499-509 509-519 45 519-529 46 529-539 light -gray be nite with abundant biotite flakes 3 an ft below top of core; fishbone fragments present. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. 1 ft 2 in., claystone as above, with com- mon pyrite grains and abundant faint laminae of bentonite in bottom 2 in. Dip 9°. 2 ft 5 in., bentonite bluish -white at top; grades g ay at base; biotite flakes absent at top; increase from rare and minute in middle part of in- terval to abundant and larger (fine sand size) at base. Good conchoidal fracture at top grades to blocky and irregular at base. 6 ft 5 in., claystone as at top of core; fishbone fragments present. Recovered 3 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as in core 40 above. Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 4 ft 2 in., claystone, as in cores above, with laminae and thin beds of benton- ite in bottom 1 ft. 1 ft 4 in., bentonite, bluish -white, with biotite a es mer asing from rare to abundant with depth. Conchoidal: fracture at top grades to fissile at base; dip V. 1 ft 6 in., claystone as at top of core. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 3 ft 8 in., clay shale, medium-dark- Vray, noncalcareous, slightly benton- iti resembles claystone a Ove, except for shaly cleavage. Fish fragments rare. Dip 6°. A 1 -in. bed of light-bluish-gra3Abentqnit inches below top of core. 4 ft 8 in., claystone as in cores above. A 1 -in. bed of bluish-grayibentonitel 6 in. above base of claysto e�' — " 4 I ft 8 in., Ibentonite,, light -bluish- to light - greems g , with biotite flakes common to abundant. Friable, with conchoidal fracture. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 3 ft 4 in., bentonite as in core 43 above. 2 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous and sandy, noncalcar- eous, hard. 6 ft 6 in., claystone, medium -dark - gray, very slightly silty, micaceous, nonbentonitic, noncalcareous, slightly pyritic, irregular to poor conchoidal fracture. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Claystone as in core 44 above, with common pyrite grains. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 8 in., claystone as in core 44 above; basal 8 in. slightly silty; very good conchoidal fracture. 1 ft 8 in., clay shale, medium -dark- . gray, silty and micaceous, noncal- careous, with very poor shaly cleav- age that suggests a dip of approxi- mately 5°. 2 ft 6 in., claystone, like clay shale above, but with irregular fracture. Base of dark fissile shale. 4 ft 2 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, silty and argillaceous, micaceous, slightly coal Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 47 539-549 48 549-554 49 554-559 50 559-564 51 564-569 52 569-574 53 574-579 careous in bottom 6 in., nonbenton- i E, massive; grains angular, mostly clear quartz; some are white quartz and dark rock fragments. Pyrite rare; Inoceramus fragments rare. Strong oil odor and color in test with CCI,; oil showed on ditch, but no .gas detected. Recovered 5 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 5 ft, sandstone with oil stain as above. 6 in., claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncalcareous, ir- regular fracture. Slickensides on 1 -or 2 surfaces. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 3 in., claystone as at base of core 47 but somewhat siltier. 3 ft 6 in., sandstone with oil stain as in core 47 but calcareous. 1 ft 1 in., claystone, medium -gray, slightly silty, micaceous, noncalcare- ous, pyritic; irregular fracture. 2 in., sandstone as above, noncal- careous. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 ft 4 in., sandstone as at base of core 48; becomes slightly c 7 awjw at base; slight oil odor. 2 ft 8 in., claystone, medium -gray, non - silty to very silty, noncalcareous, pyritic, with sandy silt laminae and one 3 -in. bed of very fine-grained sand- stone 6 in. below top of claystone. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils rare. 4 ft 1 in., clay shale, medium- to medium -dark -gray, with laminae and thin beds of silt and very fine-grained sandstone; bentonitie partings con- tain abundan arge otite flakes. 6 in., interlaminated siltstone, sand- stone . and clay shale, micaceous; dip 7&. 5 in., Ibentonitea grayish -white, slightly silty, pa La_lcarrss, friable, with abundant fla es of light -brown to black biotite. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium- to medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty, with rare irregular laminae and thin beds (as much as 2 in.) of siltstone, slightly sandy, very micaceous, argillaceous, non - calcareous. A 3 -in. bed of sand- stone, very fine grained, noncalcare- ous, very silty and argillaceous, 8 in. above base; Inoceramus fragments at its base. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. 4 ft, claystone, medium -gray, slightly silty to nonsilty, noncalcareous, ir- regular to conchoidal fracture. 10 in., sandstone, medium -gray, very fine-grained, very silty and argilla- ceous, with faint slightly darker lam- inae. Dip 7°. 2 in., claystone as above. Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 1 ft, claystone, medium -gray, non - calcareous, irregular to conchoidal fracture. 6 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, sandy, argillaceous, noncalcareous, with faint micaceous laminae dipping 11°. �,. ,EST WELLS, UMLA. AREA, ALASKA Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) 64 732-740 65 740-750 66 67 68 750-760 760-765 765-770 Remarks 8 in., claystone, medium -gray, very silty, calcareous; grades into unit below. 8 ft 2 in., clay shale, medium -gray, slightly silty to nonsilty, noncalcare- ous; irregular to poor shaly cleavage; beds approximately flat lying. A 2 - in. section of medium -light -gray cal- careous siltstone, with irregular dip (as much as 10% 2 ft 9 in. above base of core. Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty to very slightly silty; irregular to sub - conchoidal fracture. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 8 ft 6 in., claystone as in core 64 above. Very rare particles of carbonized plant remains scattered throughout. A 2 -in. bed of medium -gray very ar- gillaceous calcareous siltstone 4 ft 6 in. below top of core. 4 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous, with scat- tered small fragments (maximum one-half in. in diameter) of ear- bonized plant remains. 8 in., sandstone, fine- to very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous, with carbonaceous partings dipping 3°-5°. Slight oil odor, slight indication of gas. Recovered 9 ft:. Microfossils absent. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, slightly silty, ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous; grains angular to sub - an arc ear quartz with some white quartz, white and gray chert, . and dark rock fragments. Biotite and muscovite flakes abundant; particles of limonite, coal, and carbonized plant remains common. Sandstone massive, uniform, except for a 6 -in. unit of sandy siltstone 2 ft below top. Slight oil odor. 3 ft 6 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous, noncalcareous, micace- ous; irregular fracture. A few lam- inae of sandstone in top 3 in.; rounded mass of medium -light -gray sand- stone 1. in. by 2 in. in diameter, is present 6 in. above base of core. No visible bedding in sandstone or silt - stone.. Sharp sand -silt contact; sand- stone calcareous; siltstone noncal- careous. Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, slightly to very silty, micaceous, noncalcareous; irregular fracture. A few irregular patches and lenticles (maximum one- half in. thick) of calcareous very fine- grained light -gray sandstone 1 ft below top of core which suggest "swirly" bedding. Dip of patches changes abruptly from 0°-30°; clay - stone -sandstone contacts irregular but sharp. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, very slightly calcareous 4 ft 10 in., clay shale, m' e-( m -gray, slightly silty, micaceous, noncalcare- 3 ft, claystone as above, slightly silty in part, with thin beds of micaceous siltstone totaling 20 gercent of the rock. Flat lying to 2 dip. 54 579-584 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncalcareous, con- choidalfracture. 55 584-591 Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as above. 56 591-601 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils abundant. Claystone as above. _ 601-604 No sample. 57 604-614 Recovered 9 it: Microfossils common. Claystone as above. 58 614-624 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. Claystone as above. ----- 624-625 No sample. ----- 625-640 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray; slightly silty, a rareou_s, partly b tonit ; or, small amour unn�0 in lowe�. 640-644 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, argillaceous, moderately calcareous bentonitic; small biotite Bakes co` m' A 59 644-654 Recov"' er" a 0 ft: Microfossils very rare. 6 ft 10 in., claystone as above, with 1 -in. bed of siltstone, slightly 9algLre- ous, micaceous, sandy and ar a- c oils, with slightly crossbedded lam- inae 1 ft below top of core. Lam- inae dip V-15°. 2 ft 5 in., claystone as above, with thin O -2 in. thick) beds of siltstone totaling a quarter of the rock. 9 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy and argillaceous, micaceous, noncalcareous. Pelecypod shell cast at 653;4 ft. 60 654-664 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils rare. Claystone as above, with rare Iaminae and thin (,'iz-41n.) beds of siltstone, medium -light -gray, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous, flat lying to 100 dip. - ----- 664-665 No sample. ----- 665-675 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, very argilla- ceous, with some silty clay shale. ----- 675-682 Clay shale with some siltstone in upper part. 61 682-692 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. 3 ft 4 in., claystone, medium -gray, silty, micaceous, noncalcareous; irregular fracture, uniform. 2 ft 1 in., claystone as above, but caL care ,,Q slightly more silty. 6 in., c ay shale, medium -gray, nonsilty, very slightly micaceous. 2 ft 1 in., claystone, medium -gray, silty, micaceous, noncalcareous to slightly careous• irregular fracture. 62 692-693 Recovered 1 t: ays-tone, medium -dark - gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous, hard. ----- 693-695 Siltstone. _____ 695-715 Clay shale, medium -gray, slightly to very silty; slightly bentonitic in part. 715-720 Siltstone, mediums -T fig t'-gtay, sandy, ar- gillaceous, slightly micaceous, slightly pyritic; composed of angular grains of clear and white quartz. ----- 720-722 Siltstone, very argillaceous, calces o�us. nonbentonitic, with a smallamount of clay shale. 63 722-732 Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 8 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- gillaceous, very Calc eous slightly micaceous; grades m o uni below. Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) 64 732-740 65 740-750 66 67 68 750-760 760-765 765-770 Remarks 8 in., claystone, medium -gray, very silty, calcareous; grades into unit below. 8 ft 2 in., clay shale, medium -gray, slightly silty to nonsilty, noncalcare- ous; irregular to poor shaly cleavage; beds approximately flat lying. A 2 - in. section of medium -light -gray cal- careous siltstone, with irregular dip (as much as 10% 2 ft 9 in. above base of core. Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty to very slightly silty; irregular to sub - conchoidal fracture. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 8 ft 6 in., claystone as in core 64 above. Very rare particles of carbonized plant remains scattered throughout. A 2 -in. bed of medium -gray very ar- gillaceous calcareous siltstone 4 ft 6 in. below top of core. 4 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous, with scat- tered small fragments (maximum one-half in. in diameter) of ear- bonized plant remains. 8 in., sandstone, fine- to very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous, with carbonaceous partings dipping 3°-5°. Slight oil odor, slight indication of gas. Recovered 9 ft:. Microfossils absent. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, slightly silty, ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous; grains angular to sub - an arc ear quartz with some white quartz, white and gray chert, . and dark rock fragments. Biotite and muscovite flakes abundant; particles of limonite, coal, and carbonized plant remains common. Sandstone massive, uniform, except for a 6 -in. unit of sandy siltstone 2 ft below top. Slight oil odor. 3 ft 6 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous, noncalcareous, micace- ous; irregular fracture. A few lam- inae of sandstone in top 3 in.; rounded mass of medium -light -gray sand- stone 1. in. by 2 in. in diameter, is present 6 in. above base of core. No visible bedding in sandstone or silt - stone.. Sharp sand -silt contact; sand- stone calcareous; siltstone noncal- careous. Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, slightly to very silty, micaceous, noncalcareous; irregular fracture. A few irregular patches and lenticles (maximum one- half in. thick) of calcareous very fine- grained light -gray sandstone 1 ft below top of core which suggest "swirly" bedding. Dip of patches changes abruptly from 0°-30°; clay - stone -sandstone contacts irregular but sharp. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, very slightly calcareous 4 ft 10 in., clay shale, m' e-( m -gray, slightly silty, micaceous, noncalcare- 82 EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks 73 950-955 ous to slightly ca s • irregular to poor shalt' cleavage. 770-780 Siltstone, with a small amount of clay shale; cement contamination in sample from 770 to 775 ft. ----- 780-785 Sandstone; medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, very calsareoUl. with some argillaceous silt. 74 785-800 Clay .shale, medium -gray; slightly silty in part. ----- 800-812 Clay shale, with siltstone, very small 75 960-961 amount of.sandstone. 69 812-817 Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -gray, nonsilty to ----- 961-965 slightly silty, nonealcareous, with some .micaceous partings. Shaly _____ 965-970 cleavage poor; rare silty laminae; dip 1°-5°, with faint crossbedding. _____ 817-845 Clay shale, medium -gray, silty, micaceous, ----- 980-990 nonbentonitic, with small amount of argillaceous micaceous nonbentonitic siltstone. ----- 845-865 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, slightly to very sandy, slightly micaceous, moder- ----- 990-1, 000 ately calcareous - 70 .865--870 Recover -ed -4 -ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 10 in., clay shale, medium- to medium - dark -gray, slightly micaceous, non - 76 1, 020-1, 025 calcareous; shaly cleavage poor; beds approximately flat lying. 6 in., claystone, medium -gray, very 77 1, 025-1, 027 silty, very micaceous, with lenticle of siltstone at base. ----- 1,027-1,055 2 ft 1 in., clay shale as at top of core; shaly cleavage poor at top, fair at base; beds flat lying to 5° dip. 1 ft 1 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, ----- 1,055-1,060 micaceous, noncalcareous, with &bun - 1, 060-1,075 dant laminae of medium -gray clay shale that dip .6°. -870-895 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, very argil- laceous, with clay shale increasing to 1, 075-1, 080 half of sample at base. ----- 895-920 Clay shale, medium- to medium -dark - 78 1, 080-1,085 gray, very silty in lower part. Small amount of siltstone between 905 and 920 feet. Clay ironstone at 900 feet; small chips of calcite,probably from a fThe veinlet, are rare. top of the Ninuluk formation is renecrea n ditch samples at -020 reef, and a e`e ec nc ogg; a INNUM coni Bred 71 920-925 more accura Recover`�ec t -F in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, light -gray, salt -and -pep- per, fine-grained, very slightly silty, nonealcareous. Grains subangular to angular clear quartz, with minor amounts of black chert and coal, 79 1, 085-1, 090 white quartz, and white and gray chert. Sandstone, uniform, with ir- regular fracture, no bedding. Trace of oil and gas odor. Inoce� ramus shell fragments at base. ----- 925-930 Sandstone, as in core 71 above. 930-945 Sandstone as above, and medium -gray ' silty clay shale. 72 945-950 Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty, noncalcareous; very slightly mica- ceous in part; subconchoidal frac-' ture. Basal 6 in. has abundant crossbedded (dip as much as 15°); laminae of medium -light -gray silt. Lithologic deacription—Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks 73 950-955 Recovered 4 ft 8 in.: Microfossils absent Siltstone, medium -light -gray, argilla ceous, noncalcareous, slightly mica ceous, with abundant erossbeddec (dip as much as 10°) medium -grafi clay shale laminae. Rare irregular laminae of very fine-grained sand stone toward base of core. 74 955-960 Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent Siltstone as above, with crossbeddec laminae and lenticles of clay shale. 75 960-961 Recovered 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, noncalcare- ous, nonsilty; irregular fracture. ----- 961-965 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, .noncalcareous, very sericitic. _____ 965-970 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous, slightly micaceous. _____ 970-980 Siltstone, with small amount of clay shale. ----- 980-990 Sandstone, light -gray, fine- to very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, very slightly calcareous very sericitic, nonbenton- i ic; composed of subangular grains of and clear white quartz with some gray chert and dark rock fragments. Small amount of clay shale at top of unit. ----- 990-1, 000 Clay shale and sandstone, as above. 1, 000=1, 020 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, finely micaceous, with a very small amount of siltstone. Top of Mllik tongue of Chandler forma on 76 1, 020-1, 025 s Recovered 2 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone as above, but with rare silty laminae dipping ap roximately 5°. 77 1, 025-1, 027 Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone as in core 75 above. ----- 1,027-1,055 Clay shale, medium -gray; slightly silty except in lower part; with rare thin beds siltstone. Fragments of carbon- ized plant remains on some shale chips. ----- 1,055-1,060 No sample. 1, 060-1,075 Clay shale, medium- to medium -dark - gray, very silty; grades to very argilla- ceous siltstone, in upper part; some in lower part nonsilty. 1, 075-1, 080 Siltstone, light -gray, very sericitic, mod- erately eg c r gus and clay shale. 78 1, 080-1,085 Recovered Microfossils absent. 6 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, sandy, argillaceous, noncalcareous with small fragments of carbonized plant remains scattered throughout. Irregular carbonaceous partings sug- gest 10°-12° dip. 4 ft 6 in., claystone, medium -gray, slightly to very silty, slightly mica- ceous, noncalcareous, with thin ir- regular beds (up to one-half in. thick) of siltstone, with small car- bonized plant fragments common throughout. Subconchoidal frac- ture. 79 1, 085-1, 090 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 6 in., claystone, medium -gray, very silty; grades to siltstone, medium - gray, very argillaceous, nonealcare- ous, micaceous, with scattered small carbonized plant fragments; irregu- lar to subconchoidal fracture. 1 ft 9 in., claystone, medium -gray, non - silty, nonmicaceous, noncalcareous, conehoidal fracture. 5 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, with abundant fragments (maximum `FEST WELLS, MAUT AREA, ALASKA Lithologic des(.ription—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks Lithologic description—Continued Core ( Depth (feet) I Remark's 83 1, 243-1, 253 84 1, 253-1, 258 85 1, 258-1, 268 86 1,268-1,278 87 1, 279% 288 88 1, 288-1, 293 89 1,293-1,295 a, 1 ft 9 in., siltstone, medium -gray, argil- laceous, noncalcareous, with irregular thin beds and laminae of clay shale. Laminae dip 3°-5°. Grades into unit below. 1 ft 3 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous, micaceous, with streaks of carbonaceous material or clay dipping as much as 5°. 2 ft, siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous, slightly mi- caceous, with streaks of light -medi- um -gray sandstone near top, and laminae and streaks of medium -dark - gray clay throughout; all dip as much as 10°. A few fine even laminae dip 5°-6°. Feacture irregular. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. 7 ft 6 in., clay shale, medium -gray, very silty, with abundant laminae of silt - stone in upper 2 ft; scattered irreg- ular siltstone streaks in lower part. Clay shale and siltstone both mica- ceous, noncalcareous and have irregular to poor shaly fracture. I ft 6 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very slightly cal r�pya, with abun- dant clay shale- taminae and partings dipping as much as 5°; slightly cross - bedded. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty, micaceous; subconchoidal to poor shaly cleavage. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 7 ft 6 in., claystone, dark -gray, noncal- careous, with conchoidal fracture. A 6 -in. bed of very fine-grained slightly q lcareo_us sandstone, uni- form excepto1• r=are small streaks of clay shale 3 in. below top of core. 1 ft, interbedded clay shale and very fine-grained sandstone; beds 2-3 in. thick - 1 ft 6 in., interbedded sandstone, very fine- to fine-grained, and argillaceous siltstone with abundant laminae and partings of clay shale and carbo- naceous clay shale. Dip ranges from 4° to 21°. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 ft, interbedded clay shale, medium - dark -gray, silty, noncalcareous; and medium -light -gray noncalcareous siltstone. A nodule of light -olive - gray noncalcareous clay ironstone three-fourths in. thick 21 in. below top of core. Grades into unit below. 8 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray; slightly silty in part, noncalcareous, irregular to poor shaly cleavage. Light -olive -gray noncalcareous clay ironstone nodules Inti in. thick at 2- to 3 -ft intervals through core. Recovered 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Core barrel plugged; recovery consists of small fragments of medium -dark - gray clay shale. No recovery. Recovered 1 ft 4 in.: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 1 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty. length 1 in.) of coaly plant remains. Beds fiat lying to 5° dip. 1 ft 4 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, silty, argil- laceous, noncalcareous, very seri- citic, with carbonaceous particles in streaks and patches dipping 5°-10°. 1, 090-1, 100 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, with medium -light -gray, slightly silty and argillaceous, noncalcareous, very sericitic sandstone, composed of sub- angular clear and white quartz, white and gray chert, and dark rock frag- ments. 1, 100-1, 105 Siltstone, light -gray, sericitic. 1, 105-1, 110 Siltstone and clay shale. 1, 110-1, 115 Clay shale. 1, 115-1, 120 Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, moderately 1, 120-1, 150 are us very sericitic. Clay, s a e medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, with very small amount of siltstone. 1,150-1, 155 Sandstone, very fine-grained, and clay shale. 1,155-1, 160 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, slightly ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous. 1, 160-1, 165 Clay shale, very silty. 1, 165-1, 195 Interbedded sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, slightly silty, argillaceous, moderately calcareous: medium -gray very argillaceous siltstone; and medium -dark -gray shale. 1, 195-1, 213 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, with small amount siltstone and sandstone in lower part. 80 1,213-1,223 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. 4 ft 6 in., clay shale, medium- to medi- um -dark -gray, slightly to moderately silty, with abundant siltstone laminae; medium light gray and calcareous in upper part. Irregular to poor shaly cleavage; dip of laminae 5°-7°; faintly erossbedded in part. Grades into unit below. 3 ft 6 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty, nonmicaceous, noncalcare- ous; conchoidal fracture. 1 ft, siltstone, medium -Light -gray, very argillaceous, noncalcareous, massive; irregular fracture. 81 1, 223-1, 233 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 9 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray; finegrained at top grading to very fine grained with depth; silty, argil- laceous, sericitic, noncalcareous, with clay laminae and carbonaceous part- ings in lower part. Laminae dip 3°-5°. 3 ft 3 in., siltstone, medium -gray, argil- laceous, noncalcareous, micaceous, with irregular laminae of clay shale and very fine-grained sandstone. Clay shale increases with depth; grades into unit below. 5 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray, very slightly silty, with scattered mica- ceous siltstone laminae, with small carbonized plant fragments scattered throughout. Poor shaly to sub - conchoidal fracture. 82 1,233-1,243 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 5 ft, claystone, medium- to medium - dark -gray, noncalcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty; subconchoidal fracture. 423224-58-2 Lithologic description—Continued Core ( Depth (feet) I Remark's 83 1, 243-1, 253 84 1, 253-1, 258 85 1, 258-1, 268 86 1,268-1,278 87 1, 279% 288 88 1, 288-1, 293 89 1,293-1,295 a, 1 ft 9 in., siltstone, medium -gray, argil- laceous, noncalcareous, with irregular thin beds and laminae of clay shale. Laminae dip 3°-5°. Grades into unit below. 1 ft 3 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous, micaceous, with streaks of carbonaceous material or clay dipping as much as 5°. 2 ft, siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous, slightly mi- caceous, with streaks of light -medi- um -gray sandstone near top, and laminae and streaks of medium -dark - gray clay throughout; all dip as much as 10°. A few fine even laminae dip 5°-6°. Feacture irregular. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. 7 ft 6 in., clay shale, medium -gray, very silty, with abundant laminae of silt - stone in upper 2 ft; scattered irreg- ular siltstone streaks in lower part. Clay shale and siltstone both mica- ceous, noncalcareous and have irregular to poor shaly fracture. I ft 6 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very slightly cal r�pya, with abun- dant clay shale- taminae and partings dipping as much as 5°; slightly cross - bedded. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty, micaceous; subconchoidal to poor shaly cleavage. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 7 ft 6 in., claystone, dark -gray, noncal- careous, with conchoidal fracture. A 6 -in. bed of very fine-grained slightly q lcareo_us sandstone, uni- form excepto1• r=are small streaks of clay shale 3 in. below top of core. 1 ft, interbedded clay shale and very fine-grained sandstone; beds 2-3 in. thick - 1 ft 6 in., interbedded sandstone, very fine- to fine-grained, and argillaceous siltstone with abundant laminae and partings of clay shale and carbo- naceous clay shale. Dip ranges from 4° to 21°. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 ft, interbedded clay shale, medium - dark -gray, silty, noncalcareous; and medium -light -gray noncalcareous siltstone. A nodule of light -olive - gray noncalcareous clay ironstone three-fourths in. thick 21 in. below top of core. Grades into unit below. 8 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray; slightly silty in part, noncalcareous, irregular to poor shaly cleavage. Light -olive -gray noncalcareous clay ironstone nodules Inti in. thick at 2- to 3 -ft intervals through core. Recovered 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Core barrel plugged; recovery consists of small fragments of medium -dark - gray clay shale. No recovery. Recovered 1 ft 4 in.: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 1 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty. EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) ( Remarks 90 91 92 93 1, 295-1, 305 11,305-1,315 1,315-1,325 1,325-1,335 94 1 1,335-1,345 3 in., clay ironstone, brownish -gray, hard, noncalcareous; conchoidal frac- ture. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils very rare. 5 ft, claystone, medium -dark -gray; slightly silty in part, noncalcareous, conchoidal fracture. 4 ft, sandstone, medium -light- to light - gray, very fine- to fine-grained, silty to very silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous; grain size decreases with depth; silt content increases. Clay shale streaks and partings increase from rare at top to abundant at base; dip as much as 5°. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 1 ft 3 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, with common siltstone laminae. 2 ft 9 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, fine-grained, argillaceous, silty, noncalcareous, with streaks of very fine-grained sandstone increasing with depth. Common streaks and part- ings of clay shale and carbonaceous material become abundant with depth. A 2 -in. bed of medium -dark - gray clay shale with faint medium - gray clay laminae dipping 4° 9 in. above base. Brownish -gray clay ironstone mass 1 in. thick, hard, with conchoidal fracture, above the shale. Sandstone saturated with light -grav- ity oil. 6 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty to nonsilty, noncalcare- ous, with poor shaly to conchoidal fracture. This clay shale_ is at top of Grandstan formation.— ation. - Recovere fcro oss very abun- dant. 2 ft 5 in., clay shale as in lower part of core 91 above. 11 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, with common very irregular thin streaks of clay shale throughout. 6 ft 8 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous; becomes very silty at top. Subconchoidal fracture grades to poor shalt' cleavage. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 2 ft 6 in., clay shale as in core 92 above; becomes silty at base; poor shaly cleavage grades to subconchoidal fracture. 2 ft, interbedded silty clay shale, silt - stone, and very fine-grained c are- .9UL sandstone; beds y4-2 in. t c , crossbedded, with dips as much as 15°. 5 ft 6 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, nonsilty to very slightly silty, noncalcareous; becomes fissile and dark gray with depth. Small coal fragments (up to one-half inch in diameter) at base. Olive -gray hard clav ironstone 1 in. thick, with con- choidal fracture, 2% ft above base. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous, slightly sericitic. Sandstone of angular to subangular grains of clear and white quartz with minor Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks grchert and dark rock fragments. Pyariy te and biotite absent; muscovite rare. Sandstone uniform, massive. Oil saturation, gas odor. 95 1, 345-1, 350 Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as in core 94 above, but with very rare streaks of carbonaceous particles. Bottom 7 in. has I- to 2 -in. layers of medium -gray nonsilty clay shale with subconchoidal frac- ture, interbedded with crossbedded sandstone dipping as much as 10°. Oil saturation, gas odor. 96 1, 350-1, 355 Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, micaceous, noncalcareous, uniform, massive; composition as in core 94 above. Oil and gas noted. 97 1, 355-1, 365 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as in core 96 above, but with 1 in. of medium -gray clay shale at top. Oil and gas noted. 98 1, 365-1, 375 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as in core 96 above. Oil and gas noted. 99 1, 375-1, 383 Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but with rare streaks of clay and carbonaceous particles, and streaks of very cal- careous sandstone. Oil and gas notes 100 1,383-1,393 Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 3 ft, siltstone, medium -gray, with abundant irregular intercalations of clay and some very fine-grained sand- stone. Grades into unit below. 4 ft 6 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous, slightly silty, with abundant siltstone intercala- tions and lenticles in upper part R decreasing to rare at base. are small fragments of coal or carbo- naceous material scattered through- out. A 1 -in. bed of medium -light - gray very fine-grained sandstone 1 in. above base. 101 1,393-1,403 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 2 in., sandstone, light- to medium - light -gray; fine grained at top to very fine grained at base; noncal- careous, with abundant intercala- tions and slightly crossbedded Jami - nae of silt and clay shale dipping 51-10°.. Grades into unit below. 5 ft 3 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous, slightly to very silty, with laminae and streaks of siltstone abundant at top, decreasing to rare at base. 5 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous; composed of angular and subangular clear and white quartz with very rare dark rock fragments, and scat- tered pyrite, muscovite, biotite, and coaly particles. I ft 2 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous, noncalcareous, slightly micaceous. Streaks of medium -light - gray very fine-grained sandstone as much as 1 in. thick in lower part. 102 1, 403-1, 409 Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils absent. 10 in., siltstone as at base of core 101 above. Core 103 104 `---NEST WELLS, U-liL3T AREA, ALASKA Lithologzc description—Continued Depth (feet) 1,409-1,414 1,414-1,424 105 1, 424-1, 434 106 1,434-1,444 Remarks 10 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, nonealeareous, with laminae of siltstone, clay, and rare carbonaceous particles dipping 5°-10°. 2 ft 2 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, noncaicareous, silty, with medium -gray siltstone laminae de- creasing from abundant to very rare with depth. Lenticles (one-eighth in. thick) of grayish -brown clay iron- stone at top and 7 in. below top of section. 2 ft 2 in., sandstone, light -gray, fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous; grades to very fine grained at base; fine clay intercalations in- crease from rare at top to about a third of core at base. Intercalations are flat lying to 10° dip. Note: Cores 100-102 have cyclic bed- ding, grading from shale to silt to sandstone from bottom to top. Top contact of each sandstone bed is sharp. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils rare. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, non - calcareous, sericitic; composed of angular to subangular grains of white quartz with some clear quartz; biotite and coaly or carbonaceous particles rare. Irregular intercala- tions of clay and patches of carbo- naceous material rare to common throughout. A 1 -in. bed of light - gray fine-grained sandstone 2 ft above base of core is underlain by 5 in. bed of silty clay shale. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, noncaicareous, with shaly cleav- age grading from poor at top to fair at base. Rare streaks and small lenses of slightly crossbedded silt - stone and silty clay shale in upper part. A 3 -in. section of light - yellowish -gray clay ironstone 4 ft below top of core. Beds lie approxi- mately flat. Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale. as above, with very rare small streaks of siltstone in upper part. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 ft 7 in., clay shale as in core 104. 11 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray. very fine- to fine-grained, argilla- ceous, silty, slightly to moderately S&L careous very slightly micaceous. aik`r mall irregular patches of dark - gray clay shale. 3 in., clay shale as above. 1 ft 2 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, argillaceous, with abun- dant streaks and laminae clay shale, some of which are broken and slightly distorted. 9 in., clay shale as above. 1 ft 4 in., siltstone as above with laminae and t% -in. beds of clay shale. 3 ft, clay shale as above, with irregular siltstone laminae dipping as much as 8°. Lithologic description—Continued 85 Core Depth (feet) I Remarks 107 11, 44-h1, 454 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, very slightly micaceous, noncaicareous, with poor shalt' cleavage or subcon- choidal fracture. Beds approxi- mately flat lying. Irregular silty laminae abundant in lower 6 in. 108 1,454-1,464 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils rare. Clay shale as in core 104 with scattered laminae and beds (Iess than 1 in. thick) of medium -gray siltstone. Some laminae crossbedded. Poor shaly to irregular cleavage suggests beds lie approximately flat; siltstone laminae dip as much as 8°, average 5°. 109 1,464-1,474 ----- 1, 474-1, 485 1, 485-1, 490 1, 490-1, 495 1, 495-1, 500 1, 500, 1, 505 ----- 1,505-1,520 _____ 1,520-1,530 ----- 1,530-1,580 1,580-1, 605 1, 605-1, 615 110 1, 615-1, 625 111 1,625-1,635 112 1,635-1,645 113 1, 645-1, 651 Recovered 5 ft 4 in.: Microfossils very rare. Clay shale as above but lack silt lami- nae. Fissile in lower part. Dip as much as 5°. Silts -tone, light -olive -gray, sandy, cal- careous; grades to very fine-grain" ee sa' nnastone in lower part; a small amount of medium -gray shale. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, micaceous. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, slightly silty, very calcar ous slightly micaceous, with a small amount siltstone and clay shale. Clay shale, very to slightly silty, with silt - stone, and a small amount of very fine- grained silty calcareous micaceous sand- stone. Sandstone as above, with siltstone and a small amount of clay shale. Clay shale, with a very small amount of siltstone and sandstone. Siltstone, light -olive -gray and very slightly calca_ r_ Wja to medium -light gray and no—ncalcareous. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine - to fine-grained, silty; slightly calcareous in part, slightly micaceous.�sma amount of medium -dark -gray clay shale and medium -light -gray siltstone in lower 20 feet. Clay shale, dark- to medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, with small amount of siltstone. Sandstone, very fine-grained, with some siltstone. Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty; fair shaly cleavage; beds approxi- mately flat lying. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. Clay shale as above; poor shaly cleav- age. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Clay shale as above. Recovered 6 ft:.Microfossils abundant. I ft 4 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, fine-grained, slightly silty, argilla- ceous, noncaicareous, slightly micace- ous, composed of subangular to sub - round grains of clear and white quartz, white and gray chert, and dark rock fragments. Streaks and patches of carbonaceous material dip V-5°. $6 EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) , Remarks ----- 1,651-1,675 1, 675-1,680 1, 680-1, 693 114 1,693-1,703 115 1,703-1,713 116 1,713-1,723 117 1,723-1,733 118 1 1,733-1,743 4 ft 8 in., clay shale as above with poor shaly cleavage. At 1,648 ft is a 1 -in. by 2 -in. mass of pale -yellowish -brown slightly calcareous clay ironstone; grades into surrou>Tding clay shale. Lower 1 ft of clay shale silty; con- tains patches of sandy silt and sand. Sandstone, medium -tight -gray, very fine- grained, very silty; grades into light - olive -gray argillaceous noncalcareous siltstone. No sample. Clay shale, medium -dark- to dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, with a very small amount of siltstone. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, nonsilty; poor shaly cleav- age to subconchoidal fracture. A 6 -in. section of medium -light -gray fine-grained sandstone with streaks of clay shale and rare patches of carbonaceous material at 1,696 ft; very slightly tale eo��s. silty, and argillaceous. m: -bed of very sandy medium -gray noncalcareous siltstone at base of core. Pelecypod shell fragments and Ye -in. nodule of pyrite in shale a few inches above sandstone. Beds approximately flat lying. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale as above, but micaceous and silty in lower 1 ft. Pelecypod shell fragments (Corbula! sp.) in lower half of core. Beds approximately flat lying. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, very silty, slightly mi- caceous. Pelecypod shells (Corbula sp.) in upper half of core. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 5 ft, clay shale as above, with scattered streaks and grains of pyrite. A 7 -in. bed of sandy siltstone with inter- calations of clay shale at 1,725 ft. Lower part has abundant intercala- tions of siltstone and fine-grained sandstone, with some carbonaceous streaks. Grades into unit below. 2 ft 4 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, fine-grained, with abundant inter- calations of clay shale, siltstone, and carbonaceous material in upper part; intercalations become rare with depth. Carbonized plant fragments in lower part of sandstone. 2 ft 8 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, slightly to very silty, with abundant intercalations of sandstone and siltstone, some of which are slightly crossbedded. Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils common. 3 ft 4 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncal- careous, with siltstone and sandstone intercalations in upper 6 in. 4 ft. 8 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, fine- to medium -grained, ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous, massive; composed of subangular to sub - rounded grains of clear and white quartz, with some gray chert and dark rock fragments. Carbonaceous Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks particles common in upper 2 ft, usually in small patches. Good odor and fair saturation of oil were noted. 119 1,743-1,745 Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: rsicrofossils absent. Sandstone as above. 120 1,745-1,755 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but bottom 4 ft has fair bedding -plane cleavage. Beds approximately flat lying. 121 1,755-1,765 Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but massive. 122 1, 765-1,772 Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. 123 1,772-1,782 Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above but with spotty oil odor. 124 1,782-1,792 Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above- a 2 -in. unit at 1,790 ft has abundant carbonaceous laminae dipping 5*; 1 in. below laminae is mass of light -brownish - gray bard noncalcareous clay iron- stone approximately 1 in. thick. 125 1, 792-1, 800 Recovered 2 ft 6 in.: 1blicrofossils absent. Sandstone as above. 126 1, 800-1, 810 Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very abundant. 1 ft 6 in., interbedded sandstone as above, and clay shale, medium -dark - gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous, with poor shaly cleavage, infiltrated with drilling mud. 3 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncal- careous, friable, with poor shal cleavage. Badly infiltrated with drilling mud. A 1 -in. bed of sand- stone with alternating crossbedded laminae of light -gray medium -grained and medium -light -gray fine-grained sandstone at 1,808 ft. 127 1, 810-1, 816 Recovered 2 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very abundant. Clay shale as above. ----- 1, 816-1, 818 No sample. 1, 818-1, 825 Sandstone, light - gray, fine - grained, slightly silty, noncalcareous, soft; com- posed of subangular to subround grains of clear and white quartz, with some dark rock fragments and pyrite. 1, 825-1, 830 Clay shale, dark -gray, slightly carbona- ceous, slightly micaceous, with sand- stone. 1, 830-1, 875 Sandstone, as between 1,818 and 1,825 ft, with very small amount of clay shale between 1,830 and 1,840 ft and 1,845 and 1,850 ft. 1, 875-1, 885 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, with some sandstone. 1, 885-1, 910 Sandstone, light -gray, fine-grained; be- comes very fine grained, calcareous tc noncalcareous downward;composseec of white and clear quartz, small amount of gray chert, and dark rock fragments 128 1,910-1,920 Recovered 4 ft: Microfossils vera abundant. Drilling mud with fragments of friabb medium -dark -gray clay shale a above. A 1 -in. fragment of medium light -gray medium -grained noncal careous sandstone at base of core. 1, 920-1, 970 Sandstone as in core 128 above, wit small amount of medium -dark- t dark -gray very slightly silty slightl micaceous clay shale which is mo: common between 1,940 and 1,955 ft. TEST WELLS, IIMIAT AREA, ALASKA Lithologic description -Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks Lithologic description -Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 135 2, 292-2, 297 136 2, 297-2, 302 137 12, 302-2, 307 138 2,307-2,309 139 2,309-2, 314 140 2, 314-2,318 141 2,318-2, 327 142 1 2, 327-2, 337 143 2, 337-2, 347 144 2,347-2,357 siltstone laminae and intercalations dipping to -150. Siickensides on a few surfaces in upper 1 ft. 2 ft, interbedded clay shale as above and medium -light -gray noncalcare- ous argillaceous sandy siltstone, with crossbedded argillaceous laminae dipping 10-200. Individual beds 1-6 in. thick; siltstone totals more than half of unit. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils abundant. Interbedded clay shale and siltstone as above; clay shale totals three-fourths of upper half of core, and siltstone makes up two-thirds of lower half. Two /%-in. beds of brownish -gray clay ironstone in siltstone at 2,296 ft and a 1 -in. bed at 2,296Y2 ft. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossfis common. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, �aennd argillaceous, very slightly cry d use micaceous, massive; compose of subangular grains of clear and white quartz, gray chert, and dark rock fragments, with some carbonaceous particles. Lower half of core has beds of medium -dark -gray silty clay shale 3�-3 in. thick, totaling a third of the rock. Irregular laminae of silt in clay shale, and clay shale in sandstone dip to -6°. Strong odor of oil and gas; core bled oil. Recovered 2 ft: Microfossils rare. 10 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, silty, noncalcareous, slightly mica- ceous, with intercalations of medium - gray siltstone. 1 ft 2 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, fine-grained, very slightly silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous. Fair bedding -plane cleavage suggests flat - lying beds. Strong oil and gas odor; cores bled oil. Recovered 2 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. Sandstone as above, but very fine- to fine-grained. Beds approximately flat lying. Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Beds approxi- mately flat lying. Recovered 6 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils very rare. 3 ft 6 in., sandstone as above, but more massive. Carbonaceous partings in 1 -in. unit at 2,339 ft dip 13°. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium-Ught- gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous, mica- ceous, massive. Rounded 1 -in. mass of fine-grained sandstone at 2,341 ft; argillaceous, micaceous laminae at 2,342 ft dip 15°-17°. Nearly verti- cal calcite veinlet in lower foot of core. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 2 ft, sandstone as above, with vertical calcite veinlets. 7 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, micaceous, 1, 970-2,020 Clay shale, medium- to medium -dark• gray, nonsilty to very silty, vera slightly micaceous. Some loose sane in ditch samples between 1,980 ane 2,010 ft probably contamination from overlying sandstone. rP_- vfault repeats beds of the Killik tongue e ween an 5 feet._ 2, 020-2, 030 Sand's o e, 'ghg t -gray, very ne-grained, silty, slightly calcareous, with clay shale and veryy mair amount of siltstone. 2, 030-2, 055 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty; grades to very argillaceous siltstone in lower part. 2, 055-2, 080 Clay shale, with increasing siltstone and a small amount of sandstone which increases somewhat with depth. 2, 080-2, 100 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray. T�op�of Grandstand formation where ibis repeated by au ing is at 2,085ft. 2, 100-2, 115 Clay sae wi an one, grit -gray, very fine-grained, very small amount of siltstone. 2, 115-2, 125 Sandstone as above, with some clay shale. 2, 125-2, 185 Interbedded sandstone, siltstone, and clay shale; some fissile carbonaceous clay shale at 2,145 ft. 2, 185-2, 250 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray; silty in part, with a small amount of siltstone and sandstone: 2, 250-2, 252 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, argillaceous to sandy, very calcareous with a very small amount of c ay shale and sandstone. 129 2,252-2,257 Recovered 4 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray; slightly silty in part, noncalcareous, with scattered, faint, slightly crossbedded laminae of silty medium -gray clay shale. Fair shaly cleavage dips as much as 10°. 130 2,257-2,266 No recovery; bit plugged. 131 2,266-2,271 No recovery; bit plugged. 132 2,271-2,276 No recovery; bit plugged. _ 2,276-2,277 No sample. 133 2,277-2,287 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils rare. 1 in., clay shale and dark -brownish - gray clay ironstone. 8 in., sandstone, medium -gray, fine- grained, noncalcareous, with abun- dant intercalations of dark -gray micaceous clay shale. 10 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, very slightly silty, noncalcareous. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium-grav, very fine-grained, very silty, argil- laceous, noncalcareous, micaceous, with some intercalations of clay shale in upper 6 in. Common silt - stone laminae and carbonaceous partings dip 3°-8°. A 6 -in. unit at 2,281 ft contains abundant lenticles and intercalations of medium -dark - gray clay shale. 1 ft 9 in., sandstone as above, but with intercalations of medium -dark - gray clay shale increasing with depth from 2 to 20 percent of the rock. 1 ft 2 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, noncalcareous, with irregular fracture. Slickensides on some surfaces. 134 2,287-2,292 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils common. 3 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray, silty, noncalcareous, with cpmmon Lithologic description -Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 135 2, 292-2, 297 136 2, 297-2, 302 137 12, 302-2, 307 138 2,307-2,309 139 2,309-2, 314 140 2, 314-2,318 141 2,318-2, 327 142 1 2, 327-2, 337 143 2, 337-2, 347 144 2,347-2,357 siltstone laminae and intercalations dipping to -150. Siickensides on a few surfaces in upper 1 ft. 2 ft, interbedded clay shale as above and medium -light -gray noncalcare- ous argillaceous sandy siltstone, with crossbedded argillaceous laminae dipping 10-200. Individual beds 1-6 in. thick; siltstone totals more than half of unit. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils abundant. Interbedded clay shale and siltstone as above; clay shale totals three-fourths of upper half of core, and siltstone makes up two-thirds of lower half. Two /%-in. beds of brownish -gray clay ironstone in siltstone at 2,296 ft and a 1 -in. bed at 2,296Y2 ft. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossfis common. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, �aennd argillaceous, very slightly cry d use micaceous, massive; compose of subangular grains of clear and white quartz, gray chert, and dark rock fragments, with some carbonaceous particles. Lower half of core has beds of medium -dark -gray silty clay shale 3�-3 in. thick, totaling a third of the rock. Irregular laminae of silt in clay shale, and clay shale in sandstone dip to -6°. Strong odor of oil and gas; core bled oil. Recovered 2 ft: Microfossils rare. 10 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, silty, noncalcareous, slightly mica- ceous, with intercalations of medium - gray siltstone. 1 ft 2 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, fine-grained, very slightly silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous. Fair bedding -plane cleavage suggests flat - lying beds. Strong oil and gas odor; cores bled oil. Recovered 2 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. Sandstone as above, but very fine- to fine-grained. Beds approximately flat lying. Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Beds approxi- mately flat lying. Recovered 6 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils very rare. 3 ft 6 in., sandstone as above, but more massive. Carbonaceous partings in 1 -in. unit at 2,339 ft dip 13°. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium-Ught- gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous, mica- ceous, massive. Rounded 1 -in. mass of fine-grained sandstone at 2,341 ft; argillaceous, micaceous laminae at 2,342 ft dip 15°-17°. Nearly verti- cal calcite veinlet in lower foot of core. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 2 ft, sandstone as above, with vertical calcite veinlets. 7 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, micaceous, M 88 • EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description -Continued Core I Depth (feet) I i Remarks 145 2,357-2,365 146 2,365-2,370 2,370-2,390 2, 390-2, 425 ----- 2, 425-2 430 ----- 2,430-2,435 2,435-2,440 ----- 2,440-2,445 ----- 2,445-2,455 ----- 2,445-2,500 ----- 2,500-2,515 2, 515-2, 537 147 2,537-2,542 148 2, 542-2,547 149 2,547-2,557 150 1 2,557-2,563 noncalcareous, with subconchoidal fracture. 3 ft 5 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, slightly calcareous, mi- caceous, with argillaceo` -u-s Ta"minae dipping 1°-17°. Rare 1 -in. clay - stone beds in lower part. Grades to siltstone at base. 4 ft, claystone, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, noncalcareous; irregular fracture. Rare laminae and thin beds (1 in. or less) of medium - gray siltstone; 3 -in. bed of siltstone with argillaceous laminae in basal 1 ft of core. Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as above, with rare inter- calations of siltstone. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Claystone as above. Interbedded clay shale, slightly to very - silty, siltstone, and small amount of sandstone. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, silty, very finely micaceous; rare fragments of dark - gray to gravish-black clay. Clav shale as above with some very slightly calcareous siltstone and sand- stone. No sample. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, very silty, argillaceous, very slightly calcareous with some clay shale and silt ons n6 Siltstone, sandy, similar to the sandstone above, with a small amount of clay shale. Siltstone, grading to very fine-grained sandstone, and clay shale. Siltstone, grading to sandstone, with some clay shale; siltstone decreases with depth as clay shale increases to make up all the rock. Clay shale, with some siltstone and light- grav very fine- to fine-grained silty ar- gillaceous sandstone composed ofsub- angularto subrounded grains of white and clear quartz with some gray chert and dark rock fragments. Mica very rare. Sandstone, as described between 2,500 and 2,515 ft above. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous to very slightly 94amwl very slightly micaceous, massive, uni- form. Sandstone composed of sub- angular grains of clear and white quartz, white and gray chert, and rare dark rock fragments. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 8 ft 6 in., sandstone as above, massive, uniform. 1 ft 3 in., clay- shale, medium -dark - gray, silty, poor shaly cleavage, with rare siltstone laminae. 3 in., sandstone as above. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. Sansdtone as above; lower 1 ft 9 in. has common carbonaceous laminae dip- ping 10°-15°; irregular subangular Lithologic description -Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks mass of medium -dark -gray silty clay stone 2 in. in diameter at top o laminated unit. A'Win. bed of silts medium -gray claystone at 2,562 ft and irregular mass of clay ironstone approximately 34 in. thick, at base 151 2, 563-2, 568 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils common. I ft 2 in. sandstone, very fine-grained and medium -dark -gray silty clay- stone intermingled in irregular masse and thin beds. Rare carbonaceou partings in sandstone dip as mucl as 15°. 3 ft 10 in., sandstone, very fine-grained massive, uniform as in core 150. 152 2, 568-2, 573 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine grained, as above, but with commo: laminae of micaceous clay shale ani carbonaceous partings dipping P 10°, with some slight crossbedding Most laminae even and subparalle: some irregular and undulating. 1 -in. bed of medium -dark -gray clay stone at 2,570 ft and 2 -in. bed a base of core. 153 2, 573-2, 575 Recovered 5 ft: It4icrofossils very abun dant. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, ver slightly silty and micaceous, noncar careous; very poor shaly cleavag dips less than V. 2, 578-2, 585 Interbedded sandstone, very fine -grainer silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous, an medium -dark -gray clay shale. ----- 2,585-2,595 Clay shale, dark -gray, nonsilty to slightl silty, very finely micaceous, with sma amount of very fine- to fine-graine sandstone. _____ 2,595-2,600 Sandstone, fine-grained, with very sma amount of clay shale. ----- 2,600-2,625 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, and ver small amount of sandstone. 2, 625-2, 635 Sandstone, light -gray, very fine- to fins grained, slightly silty, very slightl calcareous, with common carbonaceot par' ticTes` m lower part; with mediun dark -gray clay shale. ----- 2, 635-2, 660 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilt to very siltyy. 154 2,660-2,670 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, vex fine- to fine-grained, argillaceou silty, very slightly micaceous, nm calcareous to slightly calcareou massive, uniform. Sandstone ot su angular grains of white and clef quartz with some chert and dax rock fragments. Rare scatter( grains of limonite. 155 2, 670-2, 680 Recovered 1 ft 6 in. (bit plugged) : Mier fossils absent. Sandstone, as above. 156 2, 680-2, 682 No recovery; bit plugged. 157 2,682-2,688 Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but very grained, with common interealatio: and Iaminae of medium-dark-grf clay shale between 2,684 and 2,685 1 158 2, 688-2, 695 Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above but with fE bedding plane cleavage suggesting dip of approximately 5'. Aare fain ly crossbedded silty laminae in uni i 2-3 in. thick. •T'ES'T WELLS. L7MIAT AREA, A1,ASKA Lithologic description -Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 159 1 2, 695-2, 705 160 1 2, 705-2, 715 161 1 2, 715-2, 718 162 2,718-2,728 163 1 2, 728-2, 733 164 1 2, 733-2, 743 165 1 2, 743-2, 748 166 1 2, 748-2, 758 1672, 758-2, 759 ----- ____ 2,759-2,765 2,765-2,775 ----- 2,775-2,795 2, 795-2, 800 2,800-2,810 _ _ 1 2,810-2,820 168 2,820-2,825 169 1 2, 825-2, 833 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but slightly coarser and more massive in upper 3 ft. Two la -in. streaks of limonitic clay 1 ft below top of core dip approximately 5°. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but massive except for bottom 2 ft. Scattered inter- calations of limonitic clay between 2,706 and 2,707 ft. Recovered 3 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, with a 3a -in. bed containing abundant coarse sub- angular grains of coaly material and hematitic clay. No recovery. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above but with common subparallel laminae of clay shale, dip- ping 10°-15° between 2,730 and 2,732 ft. A %-in. lamina of light -brownish - gray clay ironstone at 2,731 ft. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, massive, uniform. Medium -dark -gray claystone laminae and intercalations in lower 3 ft - laminae, commonly micaceous and carbonaceous, dip 3°-15°. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Siltstone, medium -gray, argillaceous, very micaceous, noncalcareous. Sandstone and silty clay shale laminae and intercalations in lower half of core; laminae dip 10°-15°. Recovered 4 in.: Not sampled for micro - fossils. Claystone, medium -dark -gray, very silty, noncalcareous. Recovered 2 in.: Not sampled for micro - fossils. Claystone as above, but less silty. Clay shale, with a small amount of silt - stone and sandstone. Siltstone, medium -light -gray, with a small amount of sandstone and clay shale. Clay shale, with some siltstone in upper 5 ft, and a very small amount of sand- stone and siltstone decreasing toward base of unit. No sample. Clay shale with a small amount of silt - stone at top. Sandstone, very fine-grained, as in core 168. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, very micaceous, very slightly calcareous, massive, uniform. Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. 5 ft, sandstone as above, but with faint argillaceous laminae in lower part dipping 3'-8*. A Y4 -in. bed of clay ironstone at 2,528 ft. Grades into unit below. 7 in., siltstone, medium -gray, sandy, argillaceous, noncalcareous, with car- bonaceous particles and intercala- tions ntercala ,tions of dark -gray clay shale; rare patches of pyrite. 2 ft 5 in., sandstone as above, but very calcareous, hard. Lithologic description -Continued Core Depth (feet) I Remarks 170 171 2,833-2,843 2,843-2,853 172 2, 853-2, 858 173 2, 858-2, 865 174 2, 865-2, 875 175 2, 875-2, 885 ----- 2,885-2,890 ----- 2,890-2,950 2,950-2,955 2, 955-2, 981 176 2,981-2,986 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 5 ft 8 in., sandstone as above, with common intercalations of medium - dark -gray clay shale, and carbo- naceous micaceous laminae dipping 8°-10°. 4 ft 4 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, with intercala- tions and beds (less than 2 in. thick) of medium -gray sandy siltstone. Top of Topagroruk formation at approximate v ,840 ft. Recovere"�TO-fi. -Microfossils absent. 8 ft 3 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous, partly sandy, micaceous, noncalcareous, with intercalations of medium -dark -gray micaceous clay shale and medium -light -gray mica- ceous sandstone. Clay shale com- mon in beds ;4-1in. thick between 2,845 and 2,849 ft. 'Grades into unit below. 1 ft 9 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, very argilla- ceous,silty, micaceous, noncalcar- eous. Upper part has faint car- bonaceous partings dipping approxi- mately 10°. Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils rare. 1 ft, siltstone as above. 6 in.,claystone, medium -dark -gray, very, silty, micaceous, noncalcareous, with irregular fracture. Irregular silty intercalations in upper part. Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils very rare. Claystone as above; very rare pyritized and carbonized plant fragments scattered throughout. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. 8 ft 11 in., claystone as above, slightly to very silty. 1 ft 1 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argil- laceous, slightly Weareous, mica- ceous, with faint carbonaceous, mica- ceous partings and clay shale laminae dipping V-12'. Fracture irregular. Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils very rare. 4 ft 6 in., interbedded sandstone and claystone as above; beds 3�-6 in. thick, about half sandstone and half claystone. 3 ft 6 in., claystone as above but only slightly silty and micaceous. Clay shale, sandstone, and siltstone. Clay shale, medium -dark- to dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, with rare silt - stone in upper 25 ft. Clay shale, with siltstone, medium -light - gray, sandy, argillaceous, noncal- careous. Clay shale, with rare siltstone. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, very slightly ca�lcarreo�, slightly micaceous, massive; uniform. Sand- stone composed of subangular grains of clear and white quartz with gray chert and dark rock fragments and carbonaceous particles. Spotty oil saturation and odor. CI 90 EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) 177 2,986-2,996 178 2,996-3,001 179 3, 001-3, 011 180 3,011-3,016 ----- 3, 016-3, 020 ----- 3, 020-3, 085 181 182 3,085-3,095 3,095-3,160 3,160-3,210 3,210-3,225 3,225-3,250 3,250-3,345 3, 34:x3, 350 3,350-3,395 8,395-3,405 3, 405-3, 415 183 1 3, 415-3,425 184 3,425-3,430 ----- 3,430-3,465 3,465-3,497 185 3,497-3,507 Remarks Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, with vertical calcite veinlets. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, with vertical calcite veinlets; bottom 1 ft lacks veinlets, but has carbonaceous partings dipping 10°-12°. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, massive, uniform, lacks veinlets. No recovery. Clay shale with some siltstone. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray; grades to dark -gray with depth. Small amount of siltstone from 3,030 to 3,040 ft and from 3,050 to 3,055 ft; elsewhere very rare. Sandstone, medium -light- to medium - gray, very fine-grained, slightly cal- careous with a large amount of clay- s M_i upper part. Clay shale, with rare brownish -gray silt= stone. Clay shale, with siltstone, brownish -gray; very sandy in part, calcareous. Clay shale, slightly to ver" yslily. Clay shale and medium -gray, very argil- laceous siltstone. Clay shale, slightly to very silty, with rare siltstone. No sample. Clav shale with rare siltstone. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 5 ft, Claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty and sandy, non - calcareous, micaceous, with scattered patches and streaks of pyrite and car- bonaceous particles. Irregular frac- ture. 5 ft, siltstone, medium -gray, very sandy, argillaceous, noncalcareous, micaceous, with patches of medium - dark -gray clay. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils veru abun- dant. 6 ft, claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, noncalcareous, micaceous. Irregular fracture. 4 ft, siltstone, medium -gray, very argil- laceous, very slightly pyritic, non - calcareous, with intercalations of medium -dark -gray Claystone. Irreg- ular fracture. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Claystone, medium -dark -gray, very silty, micaceous, noncalcareous, mas sive, uniform. Irregular fracture. Small patches of carbonized plant re- mains scattered throughout. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as above. Clay shale, with rare siltstone, medium - light -gray; slightly calgareolls in part. Siltstone, very sandy; grades to sandstone in upper part; becomes darker, very ar- gillaceous; not sandy in lower part. Amount of clay shale increases with depth. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. Claystone and siltstone, interbedded, medium -light -gray, slightly argilla- ceous, sandy, noncalcareous. Beds 1-6 in. thick and about half siltstone and half Claystone. Rare faint Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) 186 8,507-3,512 187 3,612-3,622 188 1 3,522-3,532 ----- 3,632-3,640 3, 640-3, 650 ----- 3,650-3,725 3, 725-3, 835 ----- 3,835-3,845 3,845-3,985 3,985--4, 070 _ _ _ _ 4,070-4,075 _ _ _ _ 4,075-4,080 _ 4,080-4,085 189 4, 085-4, 090 190 4,090-4,095 191 4,095-4,104 192 4,104-4,114 4,114-4,155 4,155-4,176 193 4,176-4,181 194 4,181-4,190 Remarks slightly carbonaoeous laminae dip 10 . Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as in core 183 above, with scattered thin siltstone intercalations. Recovered 10 ff- Microfossils common. Claystone and siltstone, interbedded, as in core 185 above, with beds 1-12 In. thick. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, slightly to very silty, with scattered medium -gray siltstone in- tercalations. Very poor shalt' cleav- age suggests a dip of 1°-5°. Clay shale, mediurk=gray, with very m - da small amount of very argillaceous siltstone. No sample. Clay shale, with argillaceous medium- light- to olive -gray, slightly ealcareb siltstone which makes up percent of the rock. Siltstone at bottom of unit is brownish gray, noncalcareous. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty; abundant fine particles of pyrite in shale at 3,820 ft. Very rare siltstone. Sandstone, brownish -gray, very fine- grained, very argillaceous, silty, with siltstone that is similar but finer grained and medium -dark -gray clay shale. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, partly silty, finely micaoeous. Clay shale as above, but with rare silt - stone at 3,985-3,995, 4,030-4,040, and 4,065-4,070 ft. Siltstone, medium -gray, sandy, very slightly calcareous, with small amount of clayshale. No sample. Clay shale with small amount siltstone. Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils common. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - silty to slightly silty, noncalcareous, very poor shaly cleavage, with rare intercalations and laminae of me- dium -gray siltstone. Laminae slightly crossbedded and dip 3°-10°. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale as above. Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils abun- dant. Clay shale as above. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. Clay shale as above. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, with very small amount of siltstone decreasing to rare with depth. Fragments of calcite veins in lower part; a few pieces of gray- ish -black shale found in botton 10 ft. Clay shale and sandstone, interbedded, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, argillaceous, silty, slightly calcareous- Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very abundant. Claystone, medium -dark -gray, noncal- careous, slightly micaceous; slightly silty in part, with irregular fracture. Laminae and intercalations of very argillaceous siltstone are rare. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale, like claystone above; very poor shalt' cleavage and silty laminae suggest a dip of 18°-20°. *,EST WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA 9 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Deoth (feet) I Remarks 195 4,190-4,200 196 4,200-4,204 ----- 4,204-4,225 ----- 4,225-4,255 ----- 4,255-4,260 ----- 4,260-4,280 ----- 4,280-4,285 ----- 4,285-4,355 4,355-4,380 ----- 4,380-4,395 ----- 4,395-4,490 ----- 4,490-4,560 ----- 4,560-4,710 4,710-4,815 4, 815-5, 005 ----- 5,005-5,070 5,070-5,150 ----- 1 5, 150-5, 365 ----- 5,365-5,400 5,400-5,565 ----- 5,565-5,580 ----- 5,580-5,990 197 5, 990-6, 005 6,005 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale as above; very poor shaly cleavage and laminae dip 10°-25°. Recovered 4 ft: Microfossils abundant. Clay shale as above; cleavage and laminae dip 10°-20°. Clay shale, with a small amount of silt - stone and rare sandstone. Clay shale with very small amount of siltstone; a few fragments of shale are black. Clay shale and argillaceous siltstone, inter- bedded, with some sandstone. Clay shale, with rare siltstone. Siltstone with some clay shale. Clay shale, partly very silty, with rare siltstone In upper part of unit. Clay shale and medium -light -gray, very fine-grained sandstone. Clay shale, with small amount of silt - stone and silty sandstone. Clay shale, slightly harder, darker, and more fissile than that above. Clay shale as above, with a very small amount of medium -gray very argilla- ceous slightly alcareous siltstone, at 4,490 to 4,500 an 4, 20-4,540 ft. Crinoid ossicles were found at 4,500 and 4,525 ft. Clay shale, hard; rare siltstone only at 4,595-4,615, 4,625-4,635, and 4,670- 4,690 ft. Clay shale as above, with argillaceous siltstone, and a few fragments of very fine-grained sandstone at 4,715 ft and 4,770 ft. One or two fragments have bituminous (?) partings. Clay shale, with rare siltstone. Bottom 15 ft, slightly darker than shale above. Clay shale as above, with some siltstone; some of shale is very silty. Clay shale, nonsilty to very silty, with rare siltstone and a very few pieces of medium -brownish -gray noncalcareous sandstone, with much dark -brown clear quartz, in dark silt matrix. Clay shale, partly silty, with different amounts of argillaceous siltstone, rang- ing from ;io to % of the rock. A crinoid ossicle was found at 5,150 ft. Clay shale, partly silty, with small amount of siltstone and very rare medium -light - gray very argillaceous silty sandstone. Clay shale and rare siltstone. Clay shale and slightly sandy siltstone. Clay shale, rarely very silty, with siltstone making up 10 percent or less of the rock. Few pieces of medium -gray very fine- grained sandstone make up 5-10 percent of the rock between 5,800 and 5,810 ft. Rare pieces of brownish -gray very fine- - gramed sandstone at 5,6655,675 ft. crinoid ossicles at 5,740-5,750 and 5,800-5,810 ft. To of Oumalik for- mation at 5,650 ft. Recovere ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, slightly silty, with abun- dant very fine, very uniform partings of micaceous silt, 356-1 in. apart, which give varvelike appearance and very good bedding -plane cleav- age. Laminae dip V. Total depth. CORE ANALYSES 91 The following table shows the porosity, permeability, and carbonate content of core samples from Umiat test well 1. Most of the effective porosity and air permeability data were determined in the U. S. Geo- logical Survey laboratory in Fairbanks, Alaska, using the Washburn -Bunting porosimeter and the Hayward permeameter; some samples were also tested by Paul D. grynine. Tests were also made by Dowell Incorporated of Tulsa, Okla. Carbonate -content tests and sieve analyses (see p. 92 for the latter) were made in the Fairbanks laboratory. Analyses of core samples from Umiat test well 1 EffectiveAir perme- Content of car - Depth (feet) porosity (per- ability (mil bonate minerals cent) lidarcys) (percent by weight) 89------------------------------- 118------------------------------- 13_24 16.8 i7 S 120------------------------------ - -- - - 9.8 124------------------------------- 130------------------------------- - 16.2 135----------------------------- 139------------------------------- 7.5 17.2 15.6 166------------------------------- 171------------------------------- ---------------- 4.8 5.2 177------------------------------- 187------------------------------- <5 17.5 15.2 537------------------------------- �------------------------------ ---------------- 17.5 543------------------------------- 549------------------------------- 9.5 13.7 554------------------------------ 748------------------------------- ---------------- 10.7 12.1 751------------------------------- 10.8 10.8 754------------------------------- 924------------------------------ -----------21"$ 20.0 1,224----------------------------- 1,3361---------------------------- 8.6 17.7 1,339------------------------------ ------------- 9.3 1,3462 ---------------------------- 1,346 1----------------- --------- ---------------- 20.0 1,348------------------------------ 4.0 12.2 9.4 1,352------------------------------ 1,3551-- - — 2.5 117 1,�------------------------------ 1,3581---------------------------- 3.7 11.1 10.6 1,360------------------------------ <5 10.8 1,363------------------------------ 11.4 ---------------------------- <1 13.9 ,3631 1,3661 ---------------------------- ---------------- 12.3 1,368------------------------------ <1 11.6 1,372 °---------------------------- 1,372 1---------------------------- --------------- 9.5 1,374------------------------------ 1,3791--------------------------- .09 10.2 14.4 1380- - — - - 12.6 1:-,39-2 ---------------------------- 1,7401 ---------------------------- --------------- 15.9 1,742--------------- -------------- 1,746----------------------------- 36.6 15.6 17.8 1,746 1--------------------------- 1,748 — 14.4 18.3 17.6 1,752 ° - — 1,753------------------------------ -------------- 21.9 1,757------------------------------ 1,757 1--------------------------- --------------- 18.9 14.9 1,760 ----------------------------- 1,762------------------------------ ---------------- 10.4 1,765----------------------------- 1,768------------------------------ 13.4 10.9 1,7-i3----------------------------- 1,_116----------------------------- ---------------- 9.1 9.7 1,780------------------------------ 7.7 1,783----------------------------- - --------------- 8.9 1 -- - - - - 9.0 1-796---------- ----------------- ---------------- 8.6 ----------1i ----------------- 13_24 8.9 Il-------- --- -- - 19------------------------------ I81--------------------------- lo--------------------------- 111------------------------ 14------------------------------ - -- - - 7.7 10.J 15.i 15.7 16 8 11 1------------------------ 121-------------------------- )01---------------------------- - --------------- - 19.i 14.: See footnotes at end of table. 14.4 13_24 16.0 6.25 16.97 5.0 ---------------- 8.8 ---------------- 7.5 ---------------- 5.75 ---------------- 36.19 <5 ---------- <5 ---------------- <9.9 25.2 -----------17.23 17.3 ---------------- <5 26.31 <5 -----------21"$ <5 ----------- - 2- <4 ------------- 87.5 ---------------- <5 ---------------- 1.2 4.0 ----- - 2.5 ---------------- 5.2 3.7 <5 ---------------- <5 ------------5.2 ------------8.1 <1 ---------------- <5 ---------------- <1 8.8 <1 8-3- 27. a ----------- .09 ------------8.3 <6.5 ---------------- <1 ---------------- <6 36.6 62.6 ---------------- 14.4 14 59.5 ---------------- 50.0 ------------ - 14.9 5- 35. o ---------------- 25.8 ---------------- 13.4 3.5 .41 ---------------- 1.2 5.6 <s --------------- <5 ---------------- <5 ---------------- <S ---------------- <5 -------------- <5 ---------------- <4 ---------------- <5 B ---------------- <5 ------------ ----------------------3.8 ---------------- ----------- ------------- i.- i ---------------- 11.0 ---------------- ---------------- 25.2 5.61 <1 5.5 United States Department of.the Interior Geological Survey Washington Geological Investigations Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 Alaska. Report No. 9 RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS INDICATED BY THIN-SECTION . ANALYSES OF SAND CORES FROM UMIAT.TEST NO. 1 By Paul D. grynine (Svmmary of X -Ray Study of Umiat Samples) by T. r. Bates 1947 st 'Previous reports on investigations by the Geological Survey in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska No. l Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Killik, Chandler, Anaktuvuk, and Colville Rivers. (1946) No. 2 Magnetic survey of part of Naval Petroleum Reserve - No. 4 by airborne magnetometer. (1946) No. 3 Stratigraphy and structure of the Umiat anticline..'(1947) No. 4 Stratigraphy and structure of the area of Maybe Creek. (1947) No. 5 Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Kurupa, Colamnagavik, Killik, and Colville Rivers. (1947) No. 6 Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Meade and Kuk Rivera and Point Barrow. (1947) No.. 7 Progress report on taxonomic and stratigraphic study of macrofossils. (1947) No. 8 Microfossil assemblages of, and correlation of, Umiat No..l and Umiat Core Test No. 1. (1947) CONTENTS A General Petrography . . . . .. 1 Mineral Composition . . . . . . 2 Reservoir Properties. 5 Economic Evaluation- . . . ._. 7 Methods of work and Value of the Q,antitative.Da.ta of the Enclosed Tables and of the Present Report'. 9 Summary of X-Ray Study of Umiat Samples � 11 ANALYSES OF SAND CORES FROM UMIAT TEST NO. 1 By Paul D. Krynine General Petrogr phv - The collection of eighteen specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of the Umiat Rwell of the Alaska Naval Oil Reserve consists of rocks of _the low rank graywacke class, which is a petrographic series character- ized mineralogically by the presence of quartz, an abundance of chert fragments, a very large amount of micas, either as looses discrete flakes or as aggregates represented by fragments of pebbles of low rank metamorphic rocks such as phyllites, slates, and some schists; and, finally, by the relatively low amount of feldspar ancllkaolinite. Texturally the graywackes are characterized -by --relatively moderate grain.size, extreme angularity of til grains, and very -poor sorting. All graywackes carry generally a rather high amount of a "clayey fraction" which in reality.consists of finely shredded micas. These basic descriptions apply in full to the entire suite of IImiat cores. However in the case of the Alaskan Upper Cretaceous the picture is complicated by a rather heavy influx of volcanic ash which introduced a fairly large amount of montmorillonite into these graywackes. Depending upon the relative proportions of combined coarse grained detrital quartz, detrital chert, and rock fragments as against the com- bined -amount of fine grained micas and clay minerals, the graywackes may be represented either by sandy, silty or shaly members., Again depending upon the relative presence or absence of chemical cements,, these gray- wacke sands, silts, and shales may be either calcareous, siliceous, phosphatic and so on. In the Umiat #1 collection,no clear cut shales are present. Twelve specimens are sandstones; these sandstones are all normal graywackes, some of.which are very faintly calcAreous. The balance of the specimens are siltstones. A' distinctive characteristic of the -Umiat suite is the abundance, of montmorillonite which has been detected in 16 out of 18 samples.. Texturally, the Alaska samples are extremely angular,'poorly sorted and fine grained, averaging only from.0.06 - GAS mm. for the diameter of the average sand ag grain particle (sot to be confused with t the mean"or median diameter which is the halfway mark of a mechanical analysis between pebbles and clay). Only two specimens are relatively . _h coarse. These are samples 1739 and 2702. In describing the texture of a sediment the following textural elements are to be considered: grains, matrix and cement. The terms grains and matrix are relative rather than absolute. In the present. study, the term matrix is used for reference uses only and all quantitative evaluations are made by contrasting all the large and small clastic particles of all sizes above 0.03 mm. in diameter against the finer grained particles belonging either to the clays, micas, or chemical cements. These fine grained particles are termed interstitial matter and hence can be considered as representing both the cement and the finer grained portions of the matrix. This interstitial matter is divided into a clay -mica portion and chemical cement portion. Apparent- ly there is'a direct x°( ation between the reservoir properties of the rock and the absolute amount,of clays and micas within the interstitial matter as modified by the distribution pattern of these fine grained materials. Mineral Composition All the Umiat samples, likeall other Upper Cretaceous Alaska rocks, are low rank graywackes, high in fragments of low and medium rank metamorphic rocks and pieces of chert and relatively poor in discrete loose grains of quartz. Although the amount of the uncombined silica according to an X -Ray analysis ranges from 40 to 92% and averages around 75%, only 35% or so of this its represented by detrital quartz. Chalcedony as detrital chert e fragmnts forms another 15%, whereas fragments of quartz bearing metamor- phic rocks (slates and phyllites) form 20 to 30,% of the rock. These rock fragments are made up of pieces of slates and phyllites (including very many carbonaceous and graphitic varieties), or pieces of fine-grained quartzitic schists and quartz -mica schists. All of these rock fragments are very high in small flakes of muscovite, sericite, chlorite, and some illite. .When these rock fragments get broken, they release a large amount of very small discrete..parti.cles of quartz and finely shredded flakes of the micas mentioned above. Hence, without changing at all the. mineral composition of a -rock, as expressed in terms of mineral species, and of their absolute amounts, it is possible to change radically the relative.proportions existing between grains and matrix in the different specimens of the suite. Other detrital,mineral members of the Alaskan suite are large flakes of mica (muscovite, biotite, and chlorite) with a considerable proportion of'these larger chlorite flakes being intrastratally altered biotite. Finally the Umiat specimens contain a very low amount of feldspar, Y� i M 1 ranging from mere traces up to 8o and averaging around 3 or 4�.. The feldspar is mostly plagioclase and belongs to the andesine class, although a good bit of it is somewhat more sodic (oligoclase).• Very small amounts of orthoclase and microcline are present in about one sample out of four. As companions to the discrete feldspar.particl•e, there occur traces of volcanic pebbles, almost exclusively of andesitic character which are found in very small amounts (from mere traces up to I or 2%) in practically every sample. This detrital suite of minerals is reinforced by an authigenic suite of mineral species, partly produced by chemical precipitation (carbonates) and partly by diagenetic and post-diagenetic recrystallization and alteration of pre-existing clay minerals and � particles of volcanic glass. I= I These authigenic minerals are: 1. I 1 to which is most abundant and to a very large extent forms the basic bonding agent of the Alaskan, rocks. Most of the illite was formed authigenically, presumably j at the expense of some unknown pre. -existing clay mineral. ;! The illite lines and coats most of the. channels and pores and growths around sand grains and may even attack and �{ replace quartz. 2. 2aorite, also much of it formed in place (replacing biotite?), and rather similar in its distribution pattern if to illite. 3. Kaolinite, very rare, possibly partly of detrital origin. Occurs as nests or may be intergrown with illite and w montmorillonite. 4. Montmorillonite, presumably produced by alteration of a volcanic a.ndesitic glass. Montmorillonite occurs partly as large nests of fibrous, radiating crystals, or as isolated shreds, intergrown and interspaced with authigenic illite. Montmorillonite is rather abundant, and is present in all but two of the examined specimens. It ranges in amount between half a percent and five per - bent and averages around two percent in,most rocks of the suite. This amount is ample enough to cause plenty of trouble due to hydration and swelling if improper drilling methods are used and may decrease the amount of recoverable oil by 25, 50, and even possibly 90% In many cases it is well nigh impossible to distinguish between, -.detrital illite or chlorite produced by the breakage of slate pebbles,and the authigenic varieties growing in -,4-• r the rock. This,. however, does not affect to a very appreciable degree the interpretation of the pore pattern. In addition to these clay minerals and bydromicas the Umiat specimens carry small quantitles of carbonates (calcite and dolomite) in amounts r,jnging from mere traces up to`5% and at a few places very limited amounts of phosphatic material (collophane). Reservoir Promertie€ The. porosity and permeability of a rc--k are a function of the texture of the reservoir and the reaction between the surfaces of the solid phase of -the reservoir with the fluids that move.through it. Under the microscope the porosity of 8 reservoir rock can be seen to consist of two elements; 1. A visible porosity.represented by opening orop res that can be picked out without undue difficulty in a. thin section under the microscope. `.:his visible porosity is' in all cases smaller than the porosity obtained by physical tests, at times considerably so., 2. A capillary or "invisible" residual porosity which is represented by"flattish voids and planes of discontinuity between grains rather than by discrete openings. This capillary porosity Is difficult to observe visually, but it forms the difference between the visible porosity and total measured physical porosity. In very few sands does this capillary or residual porosity shrank below a minimum of the order of 5%. Total effective porosity depends upon the size of the 'pores, their density per unit volume of the rock and the type of connecting capillaries (long, short, relatively wide, relatively narrow, free and clean; coated or lined with clay minerals). The visible porosity is determined by the grain size of the sand particles and the.amount of interstitial material present within these pores. As a whole within a given grain size of sand, variations in this type of porosity are due to changes in the amount of chemical cements. In the Umiat collection it is found that in all specimens* that appeared to be good (or at least fair) reservoir.rocks, the amount of visible porosity was always in excess of 5% and in some cases went as high as 1O,"o. It was also found that in the same. potentially favorable reservoir rocks the 'average poke size was in excess of 45 micron', although some unfavorable rocks had an average pore size that may have reached a similar figure. f j the rock. This,. however, does not affect to a very appreciable degree the interpretation of the pore pattern. In addition to these clay minerals and bydromicas the Umiat specimens carry small quantitles of carbonates (calcite and dolomite) in amounts r,jnging from mere traces up to`5% and at a few places very limited amounts of phosphatic material (collophane). Reservoir Promertie€ The. porosity and permeability of a rc--k are a function of the texture of the reservoir and the reaction between the surfaces of the solid phase of -the reservoir with the fluids that move.through it. Under the microscope the porosity of 8 reservoir rock can be seen to consist of two elements; 1. A visible porosity.represented by opening orop res that can be picked out without undue difficulty in a. thin section under the microscope. `.:his visible porosity is' in all cases smaller than the porosity obtained by physical tests, at times considerably so., 2. A capillary or "invisible" residual porosity which is represented by"flattish voids and planes of discontinuity between grains rather than by discrete openings. This capillary porosity Is difficult to observe visually, but it forms the difference between the visible porosity and total measured physical porosity. In very few sands does this capillary or residual porosity shrank below a minimum of the order of 5%. Total effective porosity depends upon the size of the 'pores, their density per unit volume of the rock and the type of connecting capillaries (long, short, relatively wide, relatively narrow, free and clean; coated or lined with clay minerals). The visible porosity is determined by the grain size of the sand particles and the.amount of interstitial material present within these pores. As a whole within a given grain size of sand, variations in this type of porosity are due to changes in the amount of chemical cements. In the Umiat collection it is found that in all specimens* that appeared to be good (or at least fair) reservoir.rocks, the amount of visible porosity was always in excess of 5% and in some cases went as high as 1O,"o. It was also found that in the same. potentially favorable reservoir rocks the 'average poke size was in excess of 45 micron', although some unfavorable rocks had an average pore size that may have reached a similar figure. f The capillary residual porosity,. although depending on the series of multiple factors as mentioned above, can be related to the amount of finely shredded micas and clay minerals that tend to plug these capillaries. This capillary residual porosity has been estimated as absent (none); as present but ineffective;.aa low (small.), as fair and as good (large). In the Umiat collection, it was found that in all potentially good or fair reservoir rocks the combined amount of interstitial clays and micas (which control the residual interstitial porosity) did not exceed 7% of the entire rock. This figure, by the way, seems to be a common basic denominator in practically alb graywacke types of oil sands. As a whole a:l favorable reservoirs averaged 5% or less of interstitial clays and micas. The permeability of a reservoir can basically be reduced to the ratios that exist between widths -and lengthe of capillaries and their relation to the larger pores.. In graywackes in general and the UmiF:t specimens in particular, the effective width of the capillaries depends upon the amount of' wall space which is coated by hydromicas and clay minerals, particular- ly illite. and chlorite. Clean, relatively uncoated capillaries favor a much easier movement of fluids than corted ones. Favorable fluid yield is to be expFcted when the coatings, on sand grains (and hence on channel walls sink below the 60% mark. Permeability is not a permanent static value but may change, de- pending upon the reactions that take place as time goes by between -the contained fluids and the wall surfaces of the pores. Certain minerals as quartz and chalcedony are almost completely inert, Others like carbonates and phosphates, may or may not react with fluids and be either leached out, thus increasing both porosity and especially permeability or, conversely, may act as centers of crystallization for chemical precipitation, thus decreasing both porosity and permeability. Finally, the highly subdivided clays and micas may react strongly with fluids. of a different salinity, producing swelling and possibly decreas- ing porosity somewhat and permeability considerably. In order.of reactivity and propensity toward swelling, these minerals are: montmorillonite, kaolintte, illite, chlorite, and sericite-muscovite. The reaction and possible damaging action of these clay minerals upon permeability when fresh water is introduced into a reservoir depends not only upon the type of mineral and its amount but, it also depends to an even greater extent upon how this mineral happens to be distributed within the rock. . For instance, relatively solid aggregates of fine micas and clay minerals have a very limited swelling action. .:This means that as the majority of the clays and hfydromicas are locked up, , within the low rank metamorphic pebbles, such as slates and phyllite., such.a graywacke is not going to be affected by fresh water'hydration to any sizeable extent even if it contains rather large percentages of these susceptible minerals. In the Umiat suite the chief offender, montmorillonite occurs both as a �;. ggregates and as disseminated fibers, and hence will have a -rather high plugging action. Economia Ev nation �` As a whole the samples from the Umiat #1 !Kell 'are not good reservoir rocks. Of the 18 specimens present in the collection 12 are sands and of these only one -can be'.considered to be a very good reservoir ('1739). another isa good one (2321), and four are at best only fair (1379,'1746, 2690, and 2702). the trouble mainly lies in a low "visible" effective porosity combined with. a'rather inadequate _ residual ("invisible") porosity which tends to lower permeability and in all probability also should considerably lower fluid yield* In the case of relatively unconsolidated rocks these drawbacks would not be so serious because during fluid movement a readjustment of sand particles would tend to shift channels and open new ones but.; in the case of highly cohesive rocks such as the Umiat specimens (or -the_ Bradford sand) the original pore and capillary network must carry the entire fluid load without much hope of additional development of new openings during fluid flow. In,this connection the results of the acidizing tests done on specimens 1379 and 1746 by the Dowell Company deserve some discussion. In.the case.of acidizing the constituents of a rock are leached out (carbonates) thus opening new channels and at the same time diminishing cohesiveness and thus allowing fora readjustment of the sand particles within the rock. _ Also a further decrease in cohesiveness may be produced if certain minerals either contract or expand during acidizing, thus shattering the rock. However, in the case of sizeable expansion this shattering effect, may be more than offset by the plugging of channelways by the expanding minerals, In the case of samples 1379 and 1746 the amount of carbonate in— volved-is nvolved-is very small (three percent) and since in addition these carbonates are concentrated in small nests instead of being evenly distributed in the rock', it follows that the effect of acidizing was very slight in so far as opening new voids by leaching is concerned.' However the effect of this acidizing on the montmorillonite-.was considerable. Furthermore there is no assurance that the observed effect of acidizing'in the laboratory on these samples may not have been exactly the reverse of what may happen in nature underground. In nature montmorillonite which is in equilibrium with connate water, will expand if the acidity•(or salinity) of -an introduced new solution that is brought in contact with it is less than that of connate water. This will produce plugging, decrease permeability and diminish considerably ultimate yield of the total amount of recover- able oil. Such a loss in extremely unfavorable cases may reach as much as 90%. This is what happens in the California oil fields when fresh water enters the producing wells. Exactly the same kind of _ reaction is to be expected from the Umiat cores. But if the acidity (salinity) of the new solution is greater than that of the connate water, then montmorillonite may be expected to con -- tract rather than expand and, theoretically at least, under certain conditions of this type acidizing may thus increase permeability, However in the laboratory, when a dried core is acidized expansion rather than contraction may take place. Furthermore since under expert mental conditions the core is not under strong confining pressure, then such expansion may -not only produce plugging,'but it can also shatter the rock and push it apart along lines of weakness such as bedding planes._ Thus the rplugging may be offset by the opening -of new channels, of the general type known as 111oose streaks".. This process is illustrated in Figure 2 and it must be stated that such laboratory reactions probably do not bear the slightest resemblance in so far_as final permeability figures are concerned to what would happen under- ground, in a confined space and in the presence of connate water.of a certain PH. For this reason the alleged permeability increases pro- duced by the Dowell acidizing process cannot be considered to be representative of what similar acidizing would be underground in the presence of connate water and under strong confining pressure. A. petrographic.exa.mination of specimen 1379 and 1746 both before and after the acidizing fails to disclose the opening of sizeable new "visible" porosity. As a matter of fact, the -reverse seems to be true. In specimen 1379 the visible porosity drops after acidizing from 5.5% to 2.5% and in specimen 1746 from 4.5% to 3.5%. ' The size of the average pore does not seem to change much although in specimen 1379 it seems to decrease very slightly from O.C4 mm. whereas in specimen 1746 it seems to increase a trifle over the original 0.05 mm. There is, however, a considerable decrease in cohesiveness due to the shattering effect produced by expansionof certain clay minerals_, and particularly montmorillonite. This has increased the permeability in specimen 1379 from zero to 5.6 and and in specimen 1746 from 16.3 and (or 9.7 and in the check sample) up to'71.0 md. This increase to due to shattering and slipping of the rock along zones of weakness, as shown in Figure 20 in an open. u.ncon- fined space. This shattering has offset the loss in volume' produced by the expansion of the montmorillonite and opened a new capillary network of the "residual" porosity type. However, as mentioned before, there is not the slightest chance that all of these phenomena will take place underground in the same way and on a similar scale, ` Hence it is recommended that additional acidizing tests be carried under conditions.of strict petrographic control and according to a pattern that would make legitimate extrapolation possible. On"Figure 1 is given. a series of typical pore patterns as represented by specimen 1739 (misprinted -as 1736) which is the most favorable reservoir rock of the entire collection, In this specimen the pores are open, the residualcapillary network is well developed and can be easily picked under the microscope, and the walls of the channelways are relatively free of linings and coatings of protruding Mite and clay flakes. In the normal unfavorable Umiat specimen the pores become -smaller aid the connecting channelways not only are spaced further apart but also are almost solidly lined with coatings of hydromicas and clay minerals. Methods of Work and Value of the Quantitative Data Qf the Enclosed Tables ,and of the -Present Report The Umiat collection was examined petrographically under a micro- scope in thin sections and all the percentages represent an average arrived by estimation of the mineral content of eight to fifteen fields of view$ depending upon the distribution of a given mineral. As a whole it is believed'that all final mineral values over 10% are correct within 2 - 5%, all values between 2 and 10% are correct within 2%"and all values under 2% are correct within 1%. These are conservative estimates and it is believed that the real errors are less. In the estimates of -pore wall linings, all percentages may carry an error of . 10p, or even 15%. The X -Ray work was done both on a crushed sample and on .a concen- trate of the finest fraction, the so-called "pan" size or grade fraction that passes the 325 mesh sieve of -the mechanical analysis, meaning a material that is less than 0.044 mm. in diameter, Hence the X -Ray values for this grade size represent the composition of the finest matrix and most of the cement and "are fairly well correlated with the composition k of the interstitial matter. The composition of the entire rock was ob- tained either by having all ST Ray values recomputed on a 100 basis,, i.e., ignoring some unknown lines$ which were not determined for lack x# of time and which definitely coo not belong to clay minerals or to possible chemical cements. It has been found empirically that X -Ray work frequently has a tendency to show abnormally high amounts of quartz T and especially feldspar. It is believed that the quantitative data of the X-Ray diffraction pattern are of the correct order of magnitude, but it is difficult to give the possible quantitative margins of error for the computed percentages. Hence the Quantitative data of the X-Ray diffraction pattern is to be used as a guide only and the correct percentages-of the rock'as a whole, have been recomputed and interpreted on the basis of the thin section petrographic data, using the X-Ray values for orientation purposes, J I= Summary Of %-Ratr :udy o UmS•_ p� by T. F. Bates d 191194$�. a� a Rh9WR the apBr-9ximata percentages ©f mineral cons.? HL, a.a 4tPT:!4: mei ty qugg#%tilve • - speG�r. fete �- methods using as X -Ray - •R- - . 4 gs §09 P figwpx qs are given for each sample: - in row A x 917eR cog 9ges based on X -Ray analysis of the raw sgmple; row i. g4gea percentages obtained from that part of the original sample which passes through a 325 mesh sieve after gentle crushing; and row C .gives figures obtained by recalculating some of -the data from the minus 325 fraction in terms of percentage in the sample as a whole. The recalculations are based on the assumption.that all of the montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, and chlorite was concentrated in the -325 mesh sample by the simple fractionation process. Such an assumption is, of course, not correct in that some of the material remains in the 325 mesh fraction in the form of large, unbroken aggregates and also as a coating on coarser quartz grains. For this reason the figures obtained by recalculation are appreciably lower than those obtained by X -Ray study of the raw sample and the latter are probably more accurate. Specimens -with high content of montmorillonite are (in order of decreasing percentage of this mineral): 2990, 1379B, 1371, 2983, 30029 2881, 2298° Thus, there is a concentration of montmorillonite at the 1370-1380 foot level, the 2300 foot level, and the 2980-3000 foot level. Very possibly this indicates increased these horizons. percentages of volcanic ash at Distribution of illite follows a similar trend though concen- tration at these levels is not as pronounced as in the case of montmorillonite. The -325 fraction of sample 2990 contains appreciably more kaolinite than the fine fractions of other samples. Microscopic observation indicates that the figures for chlorite are probably too low -in all cases. X-Ray Spectrometer Data oh Alaska Samples Sample Percent- Montmor- Kaolin- I11- Seri- Chlor- Cal- Dolo- Feld - age i.11oni.te ite. ite cite ite cite mite spar Quartz 41371 A. 100 (No determination) _ • Be 16.8 23.80 2.28 7.96 4.28 4.58 3.26 1.18 4.26 48.50 • C. R* 3.85 0.37 1.33 0.79 1379B A. 100 7.38 - 10.36 - 2.61 2.69 0.96 4.34 71.60 R. 20.4 20.55 23.77 - 4.42 3.14 1.78 4.47 41.90 C. R 4.18 - 4.83 0.90 1739 A. (No determination) Be 7.3 14.63 9.69 8.22 - 2.43, 0.9-0 0.65 4.78 58.72 C. R 1.06 .70 .60• .18 1746B A. 100 - O.S3 0.52. 1.39 '2.20 1.55 2.04 91.80 Be - - 2.82 1.86 2.73 2.03 .94 5.38 85.10 C (No determination) 2298 A. 100 - - 7.0 1.74 2.00 2.70 - 8.13 77.6 Be 10.1 15.56- 7.13 12.81 2.26 4.09 3.53 - 7.53 47.15 C. R 1.73 0.79 1.40 0.49 2321 A. 100 - 8.62 0.95 1.23 2.39 1.28 5.12 80.50 B. _ -5.0 9.69' 2.42 10.75 1.90 3.23 4.17 - 8.42 59.35 C. R _ 0.48 1 0.12 0.53 0.16 2690 A. 100 - - 6.75 0.75 2002 1.35 - 8.46 80.70 Be 13.1 6.88 2.58 12.60 2.22 3.94 3.15 109 10.73 51.05 C. R 0.90 0.34 1.65 0.52 .2702 A. 100 - - 13.90 1.88 3.18 6.78 74.30 Be 5.5 19.11 5.32 9.08 3.03 _ 2.38 2.63 1.24 6.21 51.15 C. R 1.02 0.28 0.48 0.13 2881 A. 100 - 13.32 - 2.40 2.40 0053 7.20 74.20 Be 7.3 24.33 3.11 7.32 1.83 3.80 2.24 2.16 8.64 46.60 C. R 1.77 0.23 0.54 0.28 2983 A. (No determination) B. 11.0 27.07 4.99 10.17 1.79 3.38 3.73 0.42 7.03 41.35 ' C. R 2.98 0.55 1.12 0.37 2990 A. 100 11.36 - 11.83 - 1.97 2.77 .1.50 SAS 61.90 Be 14.4 31.10 9.25 3.94 0.98 3.43 4.01 1.62 7.70. 88.05 C. R 4.48 1132 0.57 0.49 - 3002 A. 100 - 7.25 1.80 2.51 1.51 3.69 9.45 73.80 Be 1062 22.81 4.80 11.62 - 2.97 1.22 3.38 6.77, 46.45 C. R 2.34 0.50 1.20 0.30 ' 3497 A. 100 - - 12.0 - 1.68 3.51 3.50 8.40 70.3 Be 9.8 _ - 12.22 - 2.26 2.83 5.58 9.64 67.50 C. R 1.20 • 0 UMIAT 1346 1371 _ 1379 1739 1746 1752 1757 TEXTURR Average diam. .07-.14..08-.15 .06-.20 .12-025 .08-115 .08-115 106-.15 Mean diem. .04 .05 .08 .15. .11 .OJ = .07 Grains: matrix: cement 75:25:1 63:35:2 71:20:4 8817:5 88:9:3 -83:15:2 70:25:5 GUINS Quartz 37% 35% 29% 42% 35� 40% 23% Chert 18% 5% 20% 41% 42% - 5%% 17% Feldspar 2% .. 2% '4% 2% 2% 3% x Micas flakes (large) 3% 5% 1_2% x 2% 1% 2% Micas: types M -2,B 1 M-32Ch-2 M,Bh M,B M M M,Ch RF: slates, Phyllites 20%' 15% 24% 2% 9% 8% 35% RF: quartzites, schists 10% 20% 10% 8% 4%-- 6% 12% RFi volcanics x x 2(AN) .- l(AN) l(AN) l(AN) Accessories x Z94 2,Ti - Z - Viscellaneous Ph - Ph - 2Ph Ca(fos.) Ca(fos IIdTTJ'ESTITIAL MATTER Chlorite 3% 1%. 2% 1% x 1% 2% Sericite x 2% x x x x x Ilute 3% 3% 2% .2% x 2% 2-3% Mont mori ll.onite 2-4% 3-4% 4% 1% ? 3-4%1: 1-2% Kaolinite 12% 3% x x x 2% :' x SiO2 cement .05w 1% x 1% x_ x 2% Carbonates - 1% 3% - 3 2%-' 2% POCK TYPE dirty dirty dirty clean clean dirty f1i.rty sand sand sed - sand sand sand sand RESERVOIR PROPERTIES Row good a reservoir- Poor No good Poor Very good Fair Fair No good Porosity 13.7% 8.1% 20..4% 16.9% 22.7% 14.5% 12.8% Permeability 2.55 and 0.1 and -cl and 62 and 9.? and 25.8 and 0.4 m Pore size 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.04 Visible porosity 3% 41% 3.5% 10% 4.5% 5% 2% Residual porosity no good no good no good good fair fair no good Bonding Ch -ill ill Ch -ill- Si -ill , Ch ill- Si Wall space coating 65% 85% 75% 35% .50% 50% 55% Fgdration (swelling) strong strong str&g. :coder. low strong . strong U M I A T N0. 1 , ►9. 1739 1746 1752 1757 •.20 .12-.25 OA - . . .15 .08 .15 .06-.15 �8 . .15 . .11 .09 .07 0:4 8817:5 88013 83:15:2 70:25:5 2298 _ 2311 2321- 2690 2702 2881 "2983 2C .02-.08 .07-.15 .09-.15 .09-.12 .10=.16.06-.14 .03-.07 .0', .04 _.08 .09 .09 .10 .08 .04 86:10:4 78:20:2 70:25:5 78:20:2 80:16:4 67:30:3 61:35:4 601 42% 41% 35% 42% 40% 30�' 23% 17% 36% 12% 36% 50% 55%` 35% 25 52Q 3 9 2% 2% 3% x 5 10% 11% Q� /D 16% 12% 7% 2. n x M2 2% 1% 2% 10%� 6 2% % 2% % 2% % �� 5% 2% 6 2%, 8� M35h M1B6�Ch " Ch-3,M,B YgCh M, B, Ch M „p Ch vs Ch . T) 8% 4% 6% 8% 18 15% 14% 11% 27% 12% L - 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 112% (AN) - - 2% 3% f Z - x x 2;AN,B) x - 2Ph Ca(fos.) Ca(fos.) Ph - Ph(1) Ph Ap;G G _Ap,Ca . Pt 1% xx x 1% x 2% 1%+ 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1 2% 1% x ? 2% 3=4% T x 2-3% 1-2% 1% + 5 + 1% 6% x 2% r 4% - 4% x 10% 1% R% 2, 10x x "2% t x 1% 1� x 1% 1% 2% 3% 4� 1% - x 3 x 2% 2% " 2% 1%. x 1% x 2% 1% 2% 1. 3% _ 3%. 2% 2% 4% 3% 4; i clean send clean sand dirty dirty silt dirty dirty dirty. clean dirty coarse sand sand sand- sand sand sand sand silt sil Very good 16,9% Fair 22.700 Fair 14.5% No good 12.8% no good very low'14.8.% poor good 15.8% fair 14.2% fair very poor no good no 62 and 0.09 9.7 -md 25.8 and 0.4 and none 18.6md 11.Omd 12.3 nd 13.W low 2.4 _md low 8.7% R.2 c 0.05 and ;l 10% 0.05 4.5% 0.05 5% 0004 2% 0.05 �C 1% 0.04 4% 0.045 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.0 good 3i -ill fair Ch fair no good, ill- very, low lox 6% fair 5% Pair "fair 7% 3% inefF. . 1% ineff. 1% inef. 35% 50% 50% Si 55% ill' 85 ill 65% ill " 50% si-ill 60%' ill 65% Ca ill 80% ill ill :coder. lgnr strong strong strong meld. mod. 1, ipod. mod. _strong__ 85% str_ong___stroa 85% i N 0. I . 2298 2311 2321 2690 2702 i 2881 2983 2990 3002 3497 3507 .02-.08 .07-.15 .09-.15 .09-.12 .10=.16 .06-.14 .03-.07 '002-.08 .03-.08 .04-.09 .02-.08 .04 .08 .09 1 .09 .10 .08 .04 .03 .04 .05 .03 86:10:4 78:20:2 70:25:5 78:2012 80:16:4 67:30:5 61-:35:4 00:35:5 60:30:5 75:2065 60235:5 36% 36% 50% 55% 35% 2599 5200, 32% 43%. 45% 33% 12 10 11 9% 16 12 7 21% _ 9% 13% - 8% 5% ± 3% 5% 9% 7%- 5% 5% 4% 40. 4% 6% 10% 3 6% 2% 2% 2% cp -2% 6% 4` 3% 5% , M,B,Ch Ch-3,M,B M,Ch MsB,Ch M Ch,I!,B MgCh M.9 Ch Ch, M Ch ChpM 16% 18% 14% 17% 21% 29% 12% 11% 16% 4% 19% 8% 18% 6%. 4% Il% 7% 3p 6p 4% 6% 7% - - 2% x x 2(ANoB) x ., x x x Ti - - - -. App G G Ap,Ca - - G,Z Z Ph - Ph(1) Ph - - - Ph Pyi - - 1%+ 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% + 1% x r_ - x 1% 2% 1% x x 5%+ 6% 2% 4% 4% 16% B% 10% 6% 10% 9% . 1% x x 1% 1% 2% 3% 4% 2% - x 1% 1 x x x x 1% 1% x ^' 1%._ x 1% x 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% x 3% - 3%• 2% 2% 4A 3% 4% 7% 9% 11% silt dirty dirty dirty. sand clean sand dirty sand coarse silt silt silt sandy silt silt sand- sand no good poor - good fair_ fair very poor no good no goo@ Vo good no goad no good very lour _ 14.8% . 15.8% 14.2% 13.3%\ low 8.7% 8.2% 7.4% 9%" loan none 18.6md 11.0md 12.3 Md 2.4 _md low 4(0.05 mci �1 and <1 and ' 'Ll and low 0.05 0.04 0.045 0.04 0006 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0:04 0.03 cl% 4% '6% 5% ?%- 3% 1% 1% - 1% 9ery loar lour fair fair "fair iriefF - inaff. 3 __ ff ineff. -ineff. lneff ill- ill ill sinill ill Ca ill ill ill ill ill ill 85� 65% 50% 60%' 65% 80% 85% 85% 90% 85% 95% strong mod., mod. r¢od. mod. strong strong strong strong mod. mod. • U (*1 Tqf �.�f W.-tR Y 40 -2o� EXPLORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO. 4 AND ADJACENT AREAS, NORTHERN ALASKA, 1944-53 TEST WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA By FLORENCE RUCKER COLLINS ABSTRACT The Umiat anticline, in the southeastern part of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, northern Alaska, was first mapped in 1944, and has been tested by drilling 11 holes; 7 of which pro- duced some oil. Umiat test well 1, a 6,000 -foot hole west of the producing area, was the first exploratory test drilled. It was spudded by United States Navy personnel in 1945, as part of the petroleum exploration program in the Naval Petroleum Reserve. Like other wells on the anticline, it was drilled through rocks of the Colville and Nanushuk groups and the Topagoruk and Oumalik formations, all of Cretaceous age. Umiat teat well 2, the deepest hole (6,212 feet), was located structurally high on the anticline but produced no oil. Umiat test well 3, the shallowest well (572 feet), produced only a small amount of oil, and drilling in the area was discontinued for nearly 2 years. The introduction of cable -tool rigs in 1950 resulted in five oil wells, which produced primarily from sandstones of the Grand- stand formation. The use of oil -base mud in the drilling of a sixth oil well corroborated the theory that water -base mud re- duced permeability and prevented oil production in Umiat test well 2. Two holes which produced only water were located north and south of the productive area, in structurally low locations. This report includes geologic and engineering data obtained in drilling 11 tests; much of the material is presented graphically. INTRODUCTION Between 1944 and 1953 the United States Navy conducted an extensive exploration program in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, northern Alaska, in order to arrive at an estimate of the possible petroleum reserves of the region. The United States Geological Survey, as a cooperating agency, studied the geology of the area both in the field and laboratory; Arctic Contractors, under contract to the Navy, drilled test wells and core tests in many localities throughout the Reserve (fig. 7). The Umiat area is located in the southeastern part of the Reserve on the north side of the Colville River, west of the bend where the river changes its easterly course and flows north into the Arctic Ocean. It is within the Northern foothills section of the Arctic foothills physiographic province. The area has a maximum relief of about 500 feet that consists of discontinuous erosion -resistant sandstone ridges alter- nating with valleys in less resistant rocks. The Colville River and its valley are the only large stream and extensive lowland in the area. The ground is permanently frozen below the tundra to a depth of about 900 feet, except under the Colville River flats where the permafrost is approximately 770 feet thick. The Umiat anticline is about 10 miles long and 3 miles wide, trends east, and has more than 800 feet of closure. It is the highest part in a structural trend ex- tending many miles beyond the limits of the closed anti- cline. Its limits were defined by field and photogeologic mapping. Two seismic profiles across the anticline, run by United Geophysical Co., Inc. in 1946 show a reversal of dip and suggest the presence of faults in the shallow reflecting horizons. Drilling has revealed evidence of reverse faulting in several holes, with duplication of as much as 775 feet of beds. Near the axis of the anticline, no reflections were recorded from beds below 1,500 feet. Magnetometer and gravity surveys of the Reserve show a magnetic anomaly of unusual intensity coinciding roughly with the Umiat anticline and with a small gravity low in the same area. Eleven wells were drilled on Umiat anticline between 1945 and 1952 to determine the production possibilities. Umiat test wells 1 1 and 71 were too low structurally to produce oil; sandstones in Umiat test well 11, on the downthrown northern flank of the anticline, contained water. Umiat test well 2, although located near the crest of the anticline, was a dry hole, probably because it was drilled with fresh -water drilling mud which se- acted with the argillaceous material (predominantly montmorillonite) in the sandstone, making it imperme- able to oil. The other wells all produced some oil from the Grandstand formation, with a very minor amount I Since some of the earlier Umiat wells were drilled, their names were changed for easier reference: Umiat test well 3 was originally Umiat core test 1, and Umiat test wells 4, 5, 6, and 7 were known as Umiat (Ruby) test wells 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. 71 EXP*TION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVIW. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 166" 164° 160° 156° 152° 146° Distance west (feet) EXPLANATION Pom1 Barrow C Barrow Admiralty - C 1------------------------------ 47,999 # C T l 12 .Bay E A 2------------------------------ 16,317 Gas well R -06 SIMPSONOUJIEL N 3------------------------------ 16,783 A xth 7 ' mBay 4------------------------------ 16,037 + 5-------.----------------------- 16,143 Abandoned well RiTea kpuk eoy�"O 6'------------------------------ 17,714 e 9p 7------------------------------ 18,936 + 8 +9 AtigarU 10 8---------------------'-=------- 70' Dry hole / TESHEKPUKPoint LAK SECTION 9------------------------------ 27,432 T l CC F,.n reek A R C ' O A ' T A L 70° 22„422: .. 12 . L A I N p :R O V I N C• 11----------------------------- 18,364 18,734 NAVAL PETROLEUMi3 �••.R.SERVE NO 4 a WHITE HILLS •• , 14 ,s SECTIO • r 1 f00THlLLS 16 19 IVLF' UMIAT OILFIELD, FOOT 23 :2 0oL1, I SEC7-10N NORTHERN HILLS; 24 C E t N O C Cdvilk River V •• :L.1.........' PS t.......... A 8 SOUTHERN ! ... TOOTH/[LS {S' ... t SECTION....C E 66°p ...)^ R 0 68, E R 0 0 K. S A N- C E . 164° 0 50 100 150 200M1LE8 152• 1 SOUTH BARROW TEST WELL 1 7 SIMPSON TEST WELL 1 13 OUMALIK TEST WELL 1 19 WOLF CREEK TEST WELL 3 2 SOUTH BARROW TEST WELL 2 8' TOPAGORUK TEST WELL 1 14EAST OUMALIK TEST WELL 1 20 GUSIK TEST WELL,1 3 SOUTH BARROW TEST WELL 3 9 EAST TOPAGORUK TEST WELL 1 13 SQUARE LAKE TEST WELL 1 21 GUBtK TEST WELL 2- : 4 SOUTH BARROW TEST WELL.4 10 FISH CREEK TEST WELL 1 16 TfTALUK TEST WELL1 22 KNIFEBLADE TEST WELL t 5 AVAK TEST WELL 1 11 KAOLAK TEST WELL 1 17 WOLF CREEK TEST WELL 1 23 KNIFEBLADE TEST WELLS 2 AND 2A B -NORTH SIMPSON TEST WELL 1 12 MEADE TEST WELL 1 16 WOLF CREEK TEST WELL 2 24 GRANDSTAND TEST WELL 1 25 UMIAT TEST WELLS 1-11 FIGURE 7, --Index map of northern Alaska showing locations of test wells and oil fields. from sandstones in the overlying formations. The oil is green, has an API gravity of about 360, and contains a high precentage of naptbenes, gasoline with a pour point of—80°F., and diesel fuel. Ulniat test well 8 produced a moderate amount of gas. All of the test wells have been shut in or abandoned. Because maps of the area lacked accurate horizon- tal and vertical control when the wells were drilled, the latitude and longitude used in this paper have been calculated from the position of Umiat test well 2 as plotted on the Umiat special topographic map published in 1948 by the U. S. Geological Survey. The well sites shown on figure 8 have been located, with the aid of aerial photographs and accurate measurements by Arctic Contractors, on the same base. The following table gives the distance in feet between an arbitrary point of origin (shown on fig. 8) about 4 miles east and a little south of Umiat and the well sites. This coordinate system was established by Arctic Contractors to -locate the wells accurately in relation to each other. , Eleva- tions of the wells have been accurately determined with respect to each other, although they are only approxi- mate in relation to sea level. This report presents detailed geologic and engineering data obtained in drilling the 11 Umiat test wells. Technical data were compiled from reports made for the U. S. Navy by Arctic Contractors, United Geo- physical Co., Inc., The Schlumberger Well Surveying Distance of test wells from an arbitrary point (see fig: $) measured along west and true north coordinates Umiat test well Distance west (feet) Distance north (feet) 1------------------------------ 47,999 14,901 2------------------------------ 16,317 10,048 3------------------------------ 16,783 11,304 4------------------------------ 16,037 11,728 5-------.----------------------- 16,143 10,145 6'------------------------------ 17,714 7,986 7------------------------------ 18,936 6,890 8---------------------'-=------- 20,433 15,627 9------------------------------ 27,432 11,112 10----------------------------- 22„422: 169'137 11----------------------------- 18,364 18,734 Corp_., and the U. S. Geological Survey. Results of special studies by the United States Bureau of Mines and the National Bureau of Standards are also included. The help of many engineers, geologists, and geophysi- cists connected with these organizations is gratefully acknowledged: Cores and cuttings were examined by Thomas G. Roberts and the author, and unless otherwise noted porosity and permeability were also determined in the U. S. Geological Survey laboratory, in Fairbanks, Alaska. Additional core analyses were made by Paul D. Krynine, and heavy -mineral studies were made by R. H. Morris. Microfossils were identified by Harlan R. Bergquist. The stratigraphic distribution of fossils in the test wells of northern Alaska will be presented aWELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA 0 73 From Umiat Special Topographic Map, U. S.Geological Survey FiGuss 8.—Map of the Umiat area showing location of the Umiat test wells. by him in another chapter of this professional paper. Reports on thermal investigations were made by Max C. Brewer. STRATIGRAPHY Eilcept for unconsolidated Quaternary sediments, the` rocks drilled in the Umiat area are Cretaceous in age' (see fig. 9); the Cretaceous nomenclature used in this report is discussed by Gryc, Patton, and Payne (1951) and by Gryc and others, (1956). The rocks consist almost entirely of. clay shale and sandstone, with rare bentonite, clay ironstone, and coal in the upper part of the sequence; some of the formations contain diagnostic microfaunal assemblages. Forma- tion boundaries are based on Iiihologic and paleontologic evidence and on correlation of beds between wells. QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 'Unconsolidated sande � and gravel present in many test wells are probably alluvial deposits of the Colville River and Bearpaw Creek; they are Recent(?) in age. Both sand and gravel consist of subround to rounded grains of yellow, white, and black chert and clear quartz, in beds from a few feet to 80 feet thick. The sand and gravel are absent in Umiat test well 1 and others that are located away from stream valleys, CRETACEOUS ROCKS COLVILLE GROUP TULUVAH, TONGUE .OF THE PRINCE CEEE% FORMATION The youngest Cretaceous rocks found in the sub- surface of the Umiat area are a part of the Tuluvak tongue of the Prince Creek formation (Late Cretaceous) which was penetrated only by Umiat test well 11. The formation is dominantly a nonmarine sequence, is about 500 feet thick (22-545 ft), and contains 5- to 40 -foot beds of sandstone and siltstone, with interbedded shale, coal, and bentonite. The sandstone is light gray rand' consists of"Very fine angular grains of 'clear and white quartz with some silt and clay; many beds are slightly to. very nentonitic. The siltstone is similar in composition to` the sandstone. Most of the shale is medium light gray, _ and bentonitic; claysione with conchoidal fracture is also present. White of yellowish - white bentonite beds afew inches thick are common; the largest 'beds, 7 feet and' 5 feet thick, occur at 488 and 502 feet, respectively. The coal is black and shiny, and has blocky to shaly fracture; beds a few inches to 3 feet thick are common in the upper 100 feet and between 300 and 500 feet. Marine deposits are rare; but some beds of shale (70-80, 146-156, and 420-430 ft) contain a sparse 74 EXPLOIWN OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE *, ALASKA, 1944-53 FwunE 9.—Cretaceous rocks in the Urniat area, northern Alaska. microfauna indicative of a shallow -water marine en- vironment. In Umiat test well 11, these beds are the only representative of the Schrader Bluff formation, which is the marine equivalent of the nonmarine Tuluvak tongue. SEABEE FORMATION The marine Seabee formation (Late Cretaceous) is about 1,500 feet thick in Umiat test well 11, the only hole in which the formation is complete. The upper part consists of 190 feet of bentonitic medium -gray clay shale underlain by a 55 -foot bed of fine-grained silty slightly bentonitic medium -light -gray sandstone. The shale contains Foraminifera and rare minute frag- ments of fishbones. These beds are probably equiva- lent to the sandy Ayiyak member, the uppermost part of the Seabee formation, of the outcrop. The 300 feet of shale immediately below the 55 -foot sandstone unit is similar to that overlying the sandstone but is in turn underlain by shale which is darker, harder, and nonbentonitic. About 1,000 feet below the sandstone is a 200 -foot unit consisting of a series of medium - light -gray very fine- to fine-grained sandstone beds 5-55 feet thick and separated by thin beds of clay shale. This in turn is underlain by 300 feet of medium -dark - gray clay shale, and at the base is another, 230 -foot group of sandstone and siltstone beds separated by thinner beds of clay shale. Both sandstone and silt - stone are characterized by scattered plates of biotite which may be common to abundant. The sand grains are subangular clear quartz with a small amount of white quartz and other rock fragments, and the sand- stone is commonly "dirty," containing a large amount of silt, clay, and micaceous particles. Bentonite is more common than in the underlying Nanushuk group, though less abundant than in the Tuluvak tongue. Specimens of an ammonite, Borissiakoceras sp., were found in the lower part of the Seabee formation in Umiat test wells 1 and 11; cores between 400 and 600 feet above the base of the formation contained Inoceramus cf. L labiatus Schl6theim. Minute fish- bone fragments are typical of the Seabee formation, and some Foraminifera are also present in the lower part of the formation. NANUSHUK GROUP NDFUIUX FORMATION The shallow -water marine Ninuluk formation (Late Cretaceous) is represented by about 100 feet of medium - light -gray fine-grained sandstone, underlain by about 20 feet of siltstone and clay shale. One or two thin beds of clay shale divide the sandstone section in most of the Umiat test wells; in Umiat test well 1, however, this unit consists partly of siltstone. The clay shale beds are also somewhat thicker than they are in the more easterly wells. Clay ironstone is present in the sandstone in some wells; the lower shale and the upper- most part of the formation contain Trochammina rutherfordi Stelck and Wall in Umiat test wells 6 and 10. MITT TONGUE OF THE CHANDLER FORMATION The Killik tongue of the nonmarine Chandler form- ation (Early and Late Cretaceous) is 2.60-280 feet thick in the Umiat area. It consists of interbedded silty sandstone, siltstone, clay shale, and claystone in beds 5-25 feet thick, with thin beds of coal and rare bento- nite in the upper part. The sandstone is medium light gray, very fine to fine grained, silty, argillaceous, sericitic, and rarely calcareous. It is composed of angular to subangular grains of white and clear quartz, with rare dark rock fragments, and common carbona- ceous particles. The siltstone differs from the sand- TULUVAK TONGUE OF THE PRINCE CREEK FORMATION I ¢ a 0 0 cr W � a W J S E A 8 E E CL a N v F 0 R M A T 1 0 N 0 W j a N I N U L U K FORMATION KILLIK TONGUE OF THE CHANDLER FORMATION a ¢ F d0:Y W O W = 3 Za = Qan J GRANDSTAND FORMATION Z I Z z W T 0 P A G 0 R U K 3 F 0 R M A T 1 0 N 0 J 0 U M A L I K FORMATION FwunE 9.—Cretaceous rocks in the Urniat area, northern Alaska. microfauna indicative of a shallow -water marine en- vironment. In Umiat test well 11, these beds are the only representative of the Schrader Bluff formation, which is the marine equivalent of the nonmarine Tuluvak tongue. SEABEE FORMATION The marine Seabee formation (Late Cretaceous) is about 1,500 feet thick in Umiat test well 11, the only hole in which the formation is complete. The upper part consists of 190 feet of bentonitic medium -gray clay shale underlain by a 55 -foot bed of fine-grained silty slightly bentonitic medium -light -gray sandstone. The shale contains Foraminifera and rare minute frag- ments of fishbones. These beds are probably equiva- lent to the sandy Ayiyak member, the uppermost part of the Seabee formation, of the outcrop. The 300 feet of shale immediately below the 55 -foot sandstone unit is similar to that overlying the sandstone but is in turn underlain by shale which is darker, harder, and nonbentonitic. About 1,000 feet below the sandstone is a 200 -foot unit consisting of a series of medium - light -gray very fine- to fine-grained sandstone beds 5-55 feet thick and separated by thin beds of clay shale. This in turn is underlain by 300 feet of medium -dark - gray clay shale, and at the base is another, 230 -foot group of sandstone and siltstone beds separated by thinner beds of clay shale. Both sandstone and silt - stone are characterized by scattered plates of biotite which may be common to abundant. The sand grains are subangular clear quartz with a small amount of white quartz and other rock fragments, and the sand- stone is commonly "dirty," containing a large amount of silt, clay, and micaceous particles. Bentonite is more common than in the underlying Nanushuk group, though less abundant than in the Tuluvak tongue. Specimens of an ammonite, Borissiakoceras sp., were found in the lower part of the Seabee formation in Umiat test wells 1 and 11; cores between 400 and 600 feet above the base of the formation contained Inoceramus cf. L labiatus Schl6theim. Minute fish- bone fragments are typical of the Seabee formation, and some Foraminifera are also present in the lower part of the formation. NANUSHUK GROUP NDFUIUX FORMATION The shallow -water marine Ninuluk formation (Late Cretaceous) is represented by about 100 feet of medium - light -gray fine-grained sandstone, underlain by about 20 feet of siltstone and clay shale. One or two thin beds of clay shale divide the sandstone section in most of the Umiat test wells; in Umiat test well 1, however, this unit consists partly of siltstone. The clay shale beds are also somewhat thicker than they are in the more easterly wells. Clay ironstone is present in the sandstone in some wells; the lower shale and the upper- most part of the formation contain Trochammina rutherfordi Stelck and Wall in Umiat test wells 6 and 10. MITT TONGUE OF THE CHANDLER FORMATION The Killik tongue of the nonmarine Chandler form- ation (Early and Late Cretaceous) is 2.60-280 feet thick in the Umiat area. It consists of interbedded silty sandstone, siltstone, clay shale, and claystone in beds 5-25 feet thick, with thin beds of coal and rare bento- nite in the upper part. The sandstone is medium light gray, very fine to fine grained, silty, argillaceous, sericitic, and rarely calcareous. It is composed of angular to subangular grains of white and clear quartz, with rare dark rock fragments, and common carbona- ceous particles. The siltstone differs from the sand- T WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA 75 stone primarily in grain size, although some is slightly darker. Clay shale is medium dark gray, slightly to very silty, slightly micaceous, and noncalcareous, with a small amount of carbonaceous material. Clay stone differs from the clay shale by having irregular or con- choidal fracture and being slightly less micaceous. The top of the formation is placed below the lowest occurrence of Trochammina rutherfordi Stelek and Wall of the Ninuluk formation and above the coal; the base is marked by a thin but persistent bed of sandstone. GRANDSTAND FORMATION Almost all of the oil produced in the Umiat field came from the 660- to 760 -foot Grandstand formation (Early and Late Cretaceous?), a sequence of marine sandstone. The light- to medium -light -gray very fine- to fine-grained sandstone beds are 5-100 feet thick and composed of subangular to subrounded grains of clear and white quartz, with some gray chert and dark rock fragments, rare grains of muscovite, biotite, pyrite, and carbonaceous material. The rock is slightly silty and argillaceous, and very little of it is calcareous. The sandstone beds are commonly mas- sive, but a few have laminae of siltstone and claystone. Porosity ranges from less than 1 to 20 percent, and permeability from less than 5 to almost 500 milli- darcys. The uppermost sandstone is 50-75 feet thick and is found throughout the area. The lower sand- stone, much greater in total thickness, is massive in some wells and contains clay shale beds in others. These two beds of sandstone contain most of the oil in Umiat field and are referred to in this report as the upper sandstone bed and the lower sandstone bed. The upper and lower sandstone beds are separated by 300 feet or more of medium -dark -gray slightly to very silty slightly micaceous and noncalcareous clay shale, with some silty or carbonaceous partings and fair shaly cleavage. It contains some thin beds of sandstone. Siltstone is also present as laminae or thin beds in the sandstone and clay shale; it is medium gray and commonly argillaceous. The top of the Grandstand formation is characterized by the abrupt appearance of the Verneuilinoides borealis fauna of Bergquist (see p. 199) in a 2- to 40 - foot bed of clay shale. The same fauna is also present in most of the shale beds between the sandstones of the Grandstand formation and in the underlying Topa- goruk formation; it is sparsely represented in the sand- stone beds themselves. This foraminiferal assemblage is largely arenaceous and suggests a shallow -water marine environment. The base of the formation is picked arbitrarily at the base of the lowest thick sandstone. T FORMATION The clay shale of the marine Topagoruk formation (Early Cretaceous) is medium dark gray, slightly to very silty, noncalcareous, and partly micaceous; it is indistinguishable from that of the Grandstand forma- tion. A few thin beds of very fine-grained very silty argillaceous noncalcareous sandstone are present in the upper part, and both siltstone and sandstone form laminae and irregular lenses in the shale. The silt - stone and sandstone of the Topagoruk formation are likewise similar to those of the Grandstand formation, but the sandstone is finer grained, siltier, and more argillaceous. The Topagoruk formation had no shows of oil or gas. It is about 2,800 feet thick, and particu- larly the upper part contains a large number of Foram- inifera typical of the Verneuilinoides borealis fauna. An Albian ammonite, Gastroplites sp., and very rare crinoid ossicles have also been found in this formation. OUNIALIH FORMATION Only about 400 feet of the Oumalik formation (Early Cretaceous) has been penetrated in the Umiat area (in test wells 1 and 2), and its total thickness is unknown. It is composed of marine clay shale with very rare thin beds of siltstone and sandstone. The clay shale is slightly darker and harder than that of the Topagoruk formation and contains fewer silty laminae; it is medium dark to dark gray, very slightly silty in part, and noncalcareous. The sandstone is light brownish gray and very fine grained, and it is composed of angular clear quartz, much of which has a brownish tinge; the small amount of silty argillaceous interstitial material is also brownish gray. Silt, clay, mica, chert, and other interstitial material are less common than in the sand- stone of the overlying Topagoruk and Grandstand formations. The Verneuilinoides borealis faunal as- semblage is absent; a very few microfossils are present that are not found in the overlying formations. UMIAT TEST WELL 1 Location: Lat 69°23152" N., long 152°19'45" W. Elevation: Ground, 801 feet; kelly bushing, 810 feet. Spudded: June 22, 1945; shut down September 19, 1945, and re- opened June 2, 1946. Completed: October 5, 1946, dry and abandoned. Total depth: 6,005 feet. The first deep test in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 was originally scheduled to be located at Cape Simp- son, but this plan was changed after the Umiat anti- cline was found to have several hundred feet of closure, in contrast to the area of unknown structure at Cape Simpson. The site for Umiat test well 1, on a ridge between two branches of Seabee Creek, was picked on the basis of geologic and topographic reconnaissance mapping by a Navy party under Lt. W. T. Foran in 76 EXPLOITION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVIO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 1944. In August 1944 Navy Construction Battalion Detachment No. 1058 set up a base camp at Barrow, and during the winter of 1944-45 a National 50 drilling rig, with a 96 -foot cantilever -type mast, and other rotary drilling equipment were hauled by sled train to the drill site. In December 1944 a small group of Seabees established a temporary tent camp at the east end of Lake Umiat to support drilling operations. The present Umiat camp, about a mile southwest of the lake, was used as a base of operations for field work and drilling in the southern part of the Reserve until the exploration program was suspended. The well was spudded in June 22, 1945, and shut down for the winter on September 19, 1945, at a depth of 1,816 feet. On June 2, 1946, drilling was resumed by Arctic Contractors. The test was abandoned on October 5, 1946, at a total depth of 6,005 feet. In the summer of 1946 more detailed geologic mapping of the anticline by a U. S. Geological Survey field party showed that the well was several hundred feet south of the axis and about 5 miles west and several hundred feet below the apex of the anticline. Approximately 900 feet (9-915 feet) of the marine Seabee formation was penetrated in drilling Umiat test well 1. Sandstone makes up more than half of the upper 250 feet of the formation; below that depth only a few thin sandstone beds, less than 15 feet thick, were found. Oil odor and stain were reported from a few sandstone beds, but a formation test recovered only a trace of oil. The clay shale and claystone above 341 feet are medium light to medium gray, with shaly, irregular, or conchoidal fracture; laminae of silt are common. The unit between 341 and 535 feet is also clay shale, but it is much darker (medium dark gray), and much of it is fissile. Bentonite partings are common, and 3 beds of bluish -white bentonite, about 1Y, 3, and 5 feet thick, are present in the lower part of the shale; biotite flakes are common. Inocer- amus cf. I. labiatus and Borissiakoceras sp., diagnostic of the Seabee formation, were in the cores from these beds. A 15 -foot fine-grained sandstone bed marks the top of the shallow -water marine Ninuluk formation, which is present between 915 and 1,010 feet. In this hole the formation is composed of nearly equal amounts of sandstone, siltstone, and shale in beds 3-20 feet thick. The siltstone has crossbedded clay shale laminae, and the clay shale has slightly crossbedded laminae of siltstone. A trace of oil was reported in the uppermost sandstone bed. The Killik tongue of the Chandler formation occurs between 1,010 and 1,309 feet and between 2,010 and 2,085 feet. The repetition is caused by a reverse fault at 2,010 feet which duplicated not only a small part of the Killik tongue but almost all of the Grandstand formation as well; the vertical displacement is 775 feet. Oil saturation was reported in the thin sandstone at the base of the tongue. The top of the Grandstand formation at 1,309 feet is marked by a 20 -foot bed of clay shale containing the uppermost occurrence of the Verneuilinoides borealis fauna. Below the shale is 50 feet of sandstone, with interbedded sandstone and shale beneath. At 1,530- 1,560 feet is a sandstone which cannot be identified in the other Umiat wells; it is represented in them by a shale sequence containing a few thin sandstone beds. The thickest sandstones, however, ranging from 10 to 80 feet in thickness, occur between 1,735 and 2,840 feet; they are separated by thin beds of shale. The section including the thick sandstone beds between 1,735 and 2,010 feet is repeated below 2,010 feet by the thrust fault mentioned above. Porosity of the sandstone ranges from 6.2 to 20 percent, and permeability, from less tha161 to 63 millidarcys. (See table on p. 91.) Oil shows were reported in several beds, and gas was detected once, but tests recovered fresh water with only a trace of oil. Below 2,840 feet, however, the Topagoruk formation has only a few thin sandstone beds, although sandstone and siltstone laminae, crossbedded in many places, are common. The high dips recorded are partly caused by crossbedding, but some high dips are in beds that show no sign of crossbedding and consequently are presumed to be the true dip. The contact between the Topagoruk formation and the underlying Oumalik formation is not easily recog- nized in this hole. The similarity between the shale of the two formations and contamination of the ditch samples from overlying beds obscure any break. The Topagoruk formation extends through the core at 4,200-4,204 feet. A few specimens of the pyritic Lithocampe sp., diagnostic of the Oumalik formation, were found in ditch samples between 5,780 and 5,830 feet, and a heavy -mineral sample from 5,995 feet con- tained some augite, typical of the Oumalik formation. The intervening 1,500 feet, however, was not cored and is represented by ditch samples ' which show only a gradual change in the characteristics of the shale and sandstone. The base of the Topagoruk formation is therefore tentatively placed at about 5,650 feet. DESCRIPTION OF CORES AND CUTTINGS A slowly increasing lag in return of the ditch samples to the surface in Umiat test well 1 caused a discrepancy in depths of litbologic changes as shown in the ditch samples and in the electric log. This difference in depth increases from about 5 feet at 1,200 feet to about 15 feet near the bottom. WEST WELLS, UML4T AREA, ALASKA 0 In this and the following wells, the lithologic descrip- tions are based on an examination of ditch samples and cores. All depths are measured from the top of the kelly bushing or the derrick floor. The material was described dry, and colors were determined by com- parison with the Rock Color Chart (Goddard, 1948). Clay ironstone is a yellowish -gray to grayish -yellow and grayish -orange dense hard argillaceous rock with con- choidal fracture; it is sideritic and usually reacts slowly with cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Abundance of microfossil specimens mentioned at the beginning of each core description is defined as follows: 1-4 very rare, 5-11 rare, 12-25 common, 26-50 abundant, and over 50 very abundant. Lithologic description [Where no core is listed, description is based on cutting samples) Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks ----- 0-9 Belly drive bushing to ground level. ----- 9-11 Clay, grayish -orange; with some angular to subangular very fine grains of orange, white, and clear quartz and rock frag- ments. Top of test well in Seabee formation. (Sample from ground at rig site.) ----- 11-22 Sandstone, light -olive -gray, fine- to me- dium -grained, silty to very silty, argillaceous, slightly to very calcareous, hard; composed of subangular to sub - rounded grains of clear quartz, white, light -gray and dark -gray chert, and some dark rock fragments, with rare grains of hematitic (?) and sideritic clay and subhedral biotite grains. Lower part of unit contains white silty, argillaceous calcareous bentonite which contains abundant grains of dark rock fragments. Some medium -gray non - calcareous shale present in lower part. ----- 22-26 Clay shale, medium -gray, very slightly silty, noncalcareous, with rare minute biotite flakes and a small amount of sandstone as above. ----- 26-31 Sandstone as above, with a small amount of clay shale. 1 31-41 Recovered 7 ft 8 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -light -gray, noncal- careous, nonmicaceous to slightly micaceous, with subconchoidal frac- ture; abundant laminae and thin beds of argillaceous to slightly sandy siltstone, slightly lighter gray than the claystone, totaling a third of the rock. Laminae have sharp contacts and are commonly very regular. Dip 100-130. 2 41-55 Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone with siltstone as above; silt - stone decreases to a fourth of the rock, with depth. 3 55-65 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone with some siltstone laminae as above that total less than 10 per- cent of core. 4 65-82 Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 8 ft, claystone as above, with rare silt - stone laminae. 2 in., sandstone, light -greenish -gray, very fine-grained, calcareous, with a Y2 -in. lamina of medium -light -gray clay shale in center; dip 25°. Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 82-92 92-96 96-97 97-102 110-115 115-117 117-132 77 3 in., sandstone, greenish -gray, very fine-grained, very silty and argilla- ceous, noncalcareous. 1 in., sandstone, light -gray, fine- grained, very silty and argillaceous, very calcareous, with abundant bio- tite; slightly bentonitic matrix; mas- sive. Grains angular to subangular clear and white quartz, with some gray chert, dark rock fragments, cal- cite, and reddish (hematitic clay?) grains. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 4 f 6 in., sandstone, light- to olive -gray, very fine- to fine-grained, very silty and argillaceous, moderately to very calcareous, very slightly bentonitic, massive; common carbonaceous par- ticles, pyrite grains, and biotite flakes. Grains angular to sub- angular, with the same composition as in core 4 above. A rounded frag- ment of medium -light -gray noncal- careous conchoidally fracturing clay - stone, larger than diameter (2% in.) of core, has lighter -colored laminae dipping approximately 90°. 6 in., claystone, medium -light -gray, noncalcareous, with conchoidalfrac- ture; also a few fine laminae of light - gray clay. Recovered 3 ft 10 in.: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -light -gray, noncal- careous, with irregular fracture; faint laminae of light -gray clay and a few laminae of light -gray silty clay toward base. Dip approximately 5°. No sample. Recovered 3 ft 6 in.:-liicrofossils absent. 11 in., clay shale with laminae as above; grades into unit below. 3 in., interlaminated clay shale, silt - stone, and very fine very silty argillaceous light -gray calcareous sandstone. Laminae dip 5°-9°. Grades into unit below. 3 in., sandstone, light -gray, very fine- grained, very silty and argillaceous, calcareous. Thin streaks of clay shale dipping as much as 12° give a slightly crossbedded appearance. 2 ft 1 in., interbedded claystone, medium -light -gray, with conchoidal fracture; with silty laminae and sand- stone as above. Siltstone, light -olive -gray, argillaceous, very slightly calcareous; with a small amount of light -olive -gray very fine- grained very silty and argillaceous very slightly calcareous slightly mica- ceous sandstone as in sandstone de- scribed in core 7 above. Clay shale, medium -gray, very slightly silty, noncalcareous; with a very small amount of siltstone. Sample contami- nated with cement. No sample. Clay shale, with a small amount of silt - stone, as in sample described above. Recovered 11 ft 8 in.: Microfossils absent. 2 ft, claystone with irregular laminae of silt; dip 5°. 9 ft 8 in., sandstone, light -olive -gray, fine- to very fine-grained, very silty and argillaceous, noncalcareous to EK, EXPLOION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 10 132-142 142-143 143-163 11 163-183 12 183-203 13 I 203-221 moderately calcareous, slightly ben tonitic; with common flakes e biotite. Grains angular to subangu lar white and clear quartz, with gra; chert and dark rock fragments pyrite and carbonaceous particle. rare. Sandstone is massive. A 3� in. unit 4 ft below top of core con tains abundant flakes of carbonize( plant remains; bed of medium -light gray claystone Y4-1 in. thick, witl conchoidal fracture, is present 1 in below carbonaceous unit. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent 3 ft 6 in., sandstone as above; grade: into fine- to medium -grained at base noncalcareous. 1 ft 2 in., sandstone as above, fine- t( very fine-grained, with thin lenticulae beds of medium -light -gray clayston( totaling 20 percent of the rock. 4 in., sandstone as above, with abun- dant carbonaceous flakes 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter, giving appearance of very fine laminae. Dip 9°. 1 ft 6 in., sandstone as at top of core. 3 in., sandstone with carbonaceous flakes as in 4 -in. unit above. Dip 6°. 2 ft 9 in., sandstone as above; grades from very fine grained and noncal- careous at top to fine to medium grained, slightly calcareous, at base. No sample. Recovered 17 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very rare. 13 ft, claystone, medium -light- to medium -gray, noncalcareous, con- choidal fracture; rare laminae of light -gray clay and light -olive -gray siltstone, very thin to one-half in. thick, some lenticular. Dip approx- imately 6°. Inoceramus shell, one- fourth in. in diameter, 9 ft below top of core. 4 ft 6 in., sandstone, light -olive -gray, fine- to very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, very slightly bentonitic. Grains angular to subangular, same composition as those in core 9. Sand- stone is massive. Recovered 18 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, fine-grained, slightly calcareous in part; basal 3 ft very calcareous. Recovered 12 ft: Microfossils absent. 9 ft 6 in., sandstone as above. Irregu- lar beds of medium -light -gray clay - stone, Yr -1 in. thick, dipping 20° or less, present 4 ft below top of core, and between 5 and 6 ft below top of core. 1 ft, interlaminated sandstone as above, slightly calcareous to noncalcareous, and claystone as above. A Y4 -in. bed of sandstone has abundant carbona- ceous flakes on bedding planes. 1 ft 6 in., claystone, medium -gray, with rare light -gray claystone lami- nae; conchoidal fracture. Laminae dip 5°. Recovered 13 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as in core 12 above, very fine- to fine-grained, noncalcareous, massive, with rare beds and lenses (as much as 2 in. thick) of medium - gray claystone. Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks 14 221-232 Recovered 7 ft 4 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, noncalcare- ous; with conchoidal fracture; with abundant laminae of light -gray clay and silt and thin beds (2 in. maxi- mum) of very fine-grained non - calcareous sandstone, especially in bottom 2 ft. Beds commonly len- ticular; dip 50-150. 15 232-252 Recovered 18 ft: Microfossils very rare. 2 ft, interlaminated claystone, silt - stone, and sandstone as above. 9 ft, sandstone, light -olive -gray, very fine- to fine-grained; slightly cal- careous in part; with very rare thin beds (1 in. maximum) and laminae of medium -gray clay shale. Sand- stone is massive; laminae dip 9°-150. 7 ft, interbedded sandstone and clay - stone as above. Beds 2-10 in. thick, approximately three-fourths claystone. Basal 2 ft have odor of gas or distillate when freshly broken and produce slight coloring in ether. 16 252-265 Recovered 11 ft: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, medium -gray, noncalcare- ous; hasirregular fracture; with rare beds (1/-6 in. thick) of light - olive -gray very silty and argillaceous noncalcareous slightly bentonitic sandstone with abundant biotite flakes. 17 265-285 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, noncalcare- ous, fractures irregularly; with very rare laminae of light -gray silty clay. Cleavage conchoidal to irregular. 18 285-292 Recovered 6 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 4 ft 4 in., bentonite, light -bluish -gray, very silty, noncalcareous; with abun- dant minute flakes of biotite; irregu- lar to conchoidal fracture. Fish- bone fragment present 1 ft below top of core. 2 ft 2 in., claystone, medium -gray, silty, noncalcareous, slightly benton- itic; with conchoidal to blocky fracture; biotite flakes very rare; rare streaks of light -gray bentonitic claystone. 19 292-302 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone as in core 18 above. A 2 -in. streak of light -olive -gray siltatone containing rare patches of carbonized plant remains 3 ft below top of core. Minute light -brown shiny balls of clay were noted in a sample washed for microfossils. 20 302-312 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous; blocky fracture. Becomes less silty, slightly darker, with depth. Clay balls noted, as in 21 312-316 core 19. Recovered 3 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray; becomes slightly darker at base; irregular fracture; a 2 -in. unit is very well indurated, slightly calcareous, 1 ft above base of core. Clay balls as in 22 316-326 core 19. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, medium- to medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous; irregular to blocky fracture. Lower part has rare silty micaceous laminae and poor shaly cleavage. aWELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA 0 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 79 23 326-336 Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 30 377-387 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale, as in core 29 above, with 8 in., clay shale, medium- to medium- dark -gray, noncalcareous; irregular Inoceramus and fish -bone fragments. fracture. Clay balls as in core 19 were noted in a composite sample Shaly cleavage poor except on ben - tonite partings. Rare beds of bluish - from this core. white bentonite, Y4-1 in. thick, with 1 ft, claystone, light -olive -gray, very abundant dark grains, and light - bluish -gray bentonite which lacks silty, slighty calcareous, micaceous, with rare pyrite, blocky fracture. black grains, are present throughout 3 ft, clay shale as at top of core. o the rock. Dip 7 Several specimens Inoceramus cf. I. labiatus Schlo- 2 ft 8 in., bentonite, light -greenish- slightly silty, with scattered of theim and Borissiakoceras sp., and gray, small flakes biotite. Rare cross- fishbone fragments between 379 bedded laminae and small scattered and 387 ft. irregular bodies of light- to medium- 31 387-397 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. gray claystone are present. Laminae Clay shale as above, with rare ben - tonite beds; dip 6. Numerous flat lying to 10° dip. 11 in., claystone, light -gray, very ben- specimens of Inoceramus cf. I. labi- tonitic, slightly silty. acus Schlotheim, 4 specimens of a large fish scale (Tissotia sp.), fish - 24 336-346 3 in., claystone as at top of core. Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. bone fragments, and 1 specimen of 2 ft 4 in., claystone, medium -gray, non- Borissiakoceras sp. were found in calcareous; conchoidal to irregular fracture; slightly darker, with very 32 397-407 this core. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. poor shaly cleavage, in part. Faint Clay shale as in core 31 above, but with silty laminae toward base dip 8°-10°. poor shaly to conchoidal cleavage, beds 1 ft 4 in., interbedded sandstone, light- gray, very fine-grained, very silty and and lacking partings and of bentonite. Inoceramus cf. L labia- argillaceous, noncalcareous to slightly tus Schlotheim, I. cf. I. pictus Sowerby, calcareous, very slightly bentonitic; Borissiakoceras sp., fishbone frag- with siltstone, similar to the sand- ments and scales present. stone, and claystone as above. 33 407-417 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. 4 ft 10 in., claystone, medium -gray and Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - medium -dark -gray, noncalcareous, calcareous, very slightly bentonitic, with abundant minute biotite flakes. with conchoidal to irregular fracture. Top of dark fissile shale. Bentonite laminae very rare; one lam - 25 346-356 No recovery, bit plugged. ina contains abundant minute eu- hedral pyrite crystals. Veryppoor 26 27 356-366 366-370 No recovery, bit plugged. No recovery, bit plugged. shaly to conchoidal cleavage. Fish - 28 370-374 No recovery, bit plugged. bone fragments abundant, Inocera- mus cf. I. pictus Sowerby present. Note: Ditch samples described below were taken from the depths from 34 417-427 . Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. which no cores were recovered. Clay shale as in core 33 above, with 346-350 ft: Siltstone, medium -gray; very rare white bentonite laminae containing minute pyrite crystals and probably contamination from the hole above this sample; ditch samples biotite flakes and very rare light - immediately below consist of medi- bluish -gray bentonite beds one-half um -dark -gray fissile shale. in. thick. Dip approximately 50. 350-374 ft: Clay shale, medium -dark- 35 427-437 Inoceramus fragments present. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. gray, fissile; fine partings of light- colored bentonite are abundant and Clay shale with bentonite, as in core 34 seem to be responsible for the fissility. above. Inoceramus cf. I. labiatus Schlotheim and fish scales present. 29 374-377 Recovered 3 ft: Microfossils abundant. 2 in., sandstone, light -gray, very fine- 36 437-447 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. grained, silty, very calcareous, non- Claystone, like clay shale in core 34, above but more bentonitic, and with bentonitic. 2 ft 10 in., clay shale, medium -dark- blocky to subconchoidal fracture gray, fissile; dip 9°; cleavage caused more common than shaly cleavage. Dip probably low. Fishbone frag- by partings of white bentonite, with abundant flakes of biotite. Rare beds ments common; fish scales also pres- oflight-bluish-gray bentonite, pis -1 in. thick. Contacts of nonbentonitic 37 447-457 ent. Recovered 10 in.: Microfossils common. clay shale with bentonite are sharp. 38 457-467 Claystone as in core 36 above. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils rare. Inoceramus and fishbone fragments Claystone as above, but very slightly throughout. Note: 5 ft of additional core, identical micaceous in lower part; bentonite present in faint partings and as a 1- lithologically with core 29, may repre- sent part of cores r to 28. It is in. bed 3 ft above base of core. Fish - labeled "core 24, bottom 5 ft" but bone fragments and scales present. this is incorrect, because the full re- 39 467-477 Dip probably low. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. covery of core 24 is present without Claystone as above. Two 2 -in. beds of this 5 feet of additional core. Ell EAORATION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERONO. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) 477-48i 41 487-490 42 490-499 43 44 499-509 509-519 4,1 519-529 46 529-539 Remarks light -gray bentonite with abundant biotite flakes 3 and 6,q ft below top of core; fishbone fragments present. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. 1 ft 2 in., claystone as above, with com- mon pyrite grains and abundant faint laminae of bentonite in bottom 2 in. Dip 9°. 2 ft 5 in., bentonite, bluish -white at top; grades to light gray at base; biotite flakes absent at top; increase from rare and minute in middle part of in- terval to abundant and larger (fine sand size) at base. Good conchoidal fracture at top grades to blocky and irregular at base. 6 ft 5 in., claystone as at top of core; fishbone fragments present. Recovered 3 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as in core 40 above. Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 4 ft 2 in., claystone, as in cores above, with laminae and thin beds of benton- ite in bottom 1 ft. 1 ft 4 in., bentonite, bluish -white, with biotite flakes increasing from rare to abundant with depth. Conchoidal fracture at top grades to fissile at base; dip 60. 1 ft 6 in., claystone as at top of core. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 3 ft 8 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous, slightly benton- itic; resembles claystone above, except for shaly cleavage. Fish fragments rare. Dip 6°. A 1 -in. bed of light -bluish -gray bentonite 3 inches below top of core. 4 ft 8 in., claystone as in cores above. A 1 -in. bed of bluish -gray bentonite 6 in. above base of claystone. 1 ft 8 in., bentonite, light -bluish- to light - greenish - gray, with biotite flakes common to abundant. Friable, with conchoidal fracture. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 3 ft 4 in., bentonite as in core 43 above. 2 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous and sandy, noncalcar- eous, hard. 6 ft 6 in., claystone, medium -dark - gray, very slightly silty, micaceous, nonbentonitic, noncalcareous, slightly pyritic, irregular to poor conchoidal fracture. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Claystone as in core 44 above, with common pyrite grains. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 8 in., claystone as in core 44 above; basal 8 in. slightly silty; very good conchoidal fracture. 1 ft 8in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, silty and micaceous, noncal- careous, with very poor shaly cleav- age that suggests a dip of approxi- mately 5°. 2 ft 6 in., claystone, like clay shale above, but with irregular fracture. Base of dark fissile shale. 4 ft 2 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, silty and argillaceous, micaceous, slightly cal- Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) 48 539-549 549-554 49 554-559 50 559-564 51 564-569 52 569-574 53 574-579 Remarks careous in bottom 6 in., nonbenton- itic, massive; grains angular, mostly clear quartz; some are white quartz and dark rock fragments. pyrite rare; Inoceramus fragments rare. Strong oil odor and color in test with CCI,; oil showed on ditch, but no gas detected. Recovered 5 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 5 ft, sandstone with oil stain as above. 6 in., claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncalcareous, ir- regular fracture. Slickensides on 1 or 2 surfaces. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 3 in., claystone as at base of core 47 but somewhat siltier. 3 ft 6 in., sandstone with oil stain as in core 47 but calcareous. 1 ft 1 in., claystone, medium -gray, slightly silty, micaceous, noncalcare- ous, pyritic; irregular fracture. 2 in., sandstone as above, noncal- careous. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 ft 4 in., sandstone as at base of core 48; becomes slightly calcareous at base; slight oil odor. 2 ft 8 in., claystone, medium -gray, non - silty to very silty, noncalcareous, pyritic, with sandy silt laminae and one 3 -in. bed of very fine-grained sand- stone 6 in. below top of claystone. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils rare. 4 ft 1 in., clay shale, medium- to medium -dark -gray, with laminae and thin beds of silt and very fine-grained sandstone; bentonitic partings con- tain abundant large biotite flakes. 6 in., interlaminated siltstone, sand- stone, and clay shale, micaceous dip 7°. ' 5 in., bentonite, grayish -white, slightly silty, partly calcareous, friable, with abundant flakes of light -brown to black biotite. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium- to medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty, with rare irregular laminae and thin beds (as much as 2 in.) of siltstone, slightly sandy, very micaceous, argillaceous, non - calcareous. A 3 -in. bed of sand- stone, very fine grained, noncalcare- ous, very silty and argillaceous, 8 in. above base; Inoceramus fragments at its base. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. 4 ft, claystone, medium -gray, slightly silty to nonsilty, noncalcareous, ir- regular to conchoidal fracture. 10 in., sandstone, medium -gray, very fine-grained, very silty and argilla- ceous, with faint slightly darker lam- inae. Dip 7°. 2 in., claystone as above. Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 1 ft, claystone, medium -gray, non - calcareous, irregular to conchoidal fracture. 6 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, sandy, argillaceous, noncalcareous, 11°h faint micaceous laminae dipping OST WELLS, I)MIA AREA, ALASKA 0 Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 64 732-740 65 740-750 66 67 68 750-760 760-765 765-770 8 in., claystone, medium -gray, very silty, calcareous; grades into unit below. 8 ft 2 in., clay shale, medium -gray, slightly silty to nonsilty, noncalcare- ous; irregular to poor shaly cleavage; beds approximately flat lying. A 2 - in. section of medium -light -gray cal- careous siltstone, with irregular dip (as much as 10°), 2 ft 9 in. above base of core. Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty to very slightly silty; irregular to sub - conchoidal fracture. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 8 ft 6 in., claystone as in core 64 above. Very rare particles of carbonized plant remains scattered throughout. A 2 -in. bed of medium -gray very ar- gillaceous calcareous siltstone 4 ft 6 in. below top of core. 4 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous, with scat- tered small fragments (maximum one-half in. in diameter) of car- bonized plant remains. 8 in., sandstone, fine- to very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous, with carbonaceous partings dipping P-5°. Slight oil odor, slight indication of gas. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, slightly silty, ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous; grains angular to sub- angular clear quartz with some white quartz, white and gray chert, and dark rock fragments. Biotite and muscovite flakes abundant; particles of limonite, coal, and carbonized plant remains common. Sandstone massive, uniform, except for a 6 -in. unit of sandy siltstone 2 ft below top. Slight oil odor. 3 ft 6 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous, noncalcareous, micace- ous; irregular fracture. A few lam- inae of sandstone in top 3 in.; rounded mass of medium -light -gray sand- stone 1 in. by 2 in. in diameter, is present 6 in. above base of core. No visible bedding in sandstone or silt - stone. Sharp sand -silt contact; sand- stone calcareous; siltstone noncal- careous. Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, slightly to very silty, micaceous, noncalcareous; irregular fracture. A few irregular patches and lenticles (maximum one- half in. thick) of calcareous very fine- grained light -gray sandstone 1 ft below top of core which suggest "swirly" bedding. Dip of patches changes abruptly from 0°-30°; clay - stone -sandstone contacts irregular but sharp. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, very slightly calcareous. 4 ft 10 in., clay shale, medium -gray, slightly silty, micaceous, noncalcare- 3 ft, claystone as above, slightly silty in part, with thin beds of micaceous siltstone totaling 20 percent of the rock. Flat lying to 2° dip. 54 579-584 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncalcareous, con- choidalfracture. 55 584-591 Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as above. 56 591-601 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils abundant. Claystone as above. _ _ 601-604 No sample. 57 604-614 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as above. 58 614-624 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. Claystone as above. ----- 624-625 No sample. ----- 625-640 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray; slightly silty, calcareous, partly bentonitic; small amount of siltstone in lower 5 ft. ----- 640-644 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, argillaceous, moderately calcareous, bentonitic; small biotite flakes common. 59 644-654 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. 6 ft 10 in., claystone as above, with 1 -in. bed of siltstone, slightly calcare- ous, micaceous, sandy and argilla- ceous, with slightly crossbedded iam- inae 1 ft below top of core. Lam- inae dip 50-150. 2 ft 5 in., claystone as above, with thin (" -2 in. thick) beds of siltstone totaling a quarter of the rock. 9 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy and argillaceous, micaceous, noncalcareous. Pelecypod shell cast at 65332 ft. 60 654-664 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils rare. Claystone as above, with rare laminae and thin (%-4in.) beds of siltstone, medium -light -gray, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous, flat lying to 10° dip. ----- 664-665 No sample. ----- 665-675 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, very argilla- ceous, with some silty clay shale. ----- 675-682 Clay shale with some siltstone in upper part. 61 682-692 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. 3 ft 4 in., claystone, medium -gray, silty, micaceous, noncalcareous; irregular fracture, uniform. 2 ft 1 in., claystone as above, but cal- careous, slightly more silty. 6 in., clay shale, medium -gray, nonsilty, very slightly micaceous. 2 ft 1 in., claystone, medium -gray, silty, micaceous, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous; irregular fracture. 62 692-693 Recovered 1ft: Claystone, medium -dark - gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous, hard. 693-695 Siltstone. ----- 695-715 Clay shale, medium -gray, slightly to very silty; slightly bentonitic in part. ----- 715-720 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, sandy, ar- gillaceous, slightly micaceous, slightly pyritic; composed of angular grains of clear and white quartz. ----- 720-722 Siltstone, very argillaceous, calcareous, nonbentonitic, with a small amount of clay shale. 63 722-732 Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. 8 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- gillaceous, very calcareous, slightly micaceous; grades into unit below. Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 64 732-740 65 740-750 66 67 68 750-760 760-765 765-770 8 in., claystone, medium -gray, very silty, calcareous; grades into unit below. 8 ft 2 in., clay shale, medium -gray, slightly silty to nonsilty, noncalcare- ous; irregular to poor shaly cleavage; beds approximately flat lying. A 2 - in. section of medium -light -gray cal- careous siltstone, with irregular dip (as much as 10°), 2 ft 9 in. above base of core. Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very rare. Claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty to very slightly silty; irregular to sub - conchoidal fracture. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 8 ft 6 in., claystone as in core 64 above. Very rare particles of carbonized plant remains scattered throughout. A 2 -in. bed of medium -gray very ar- gillaceous calcareous siltstone 4 ft 6 in. below top of core. 4 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous, with scat- tered small fragments (maximum one-half in. in diameter) of car- bonized plant remains. 8 in., sandstone, fine- to very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous, with carbonaceous partings dipping P-5°. Slight oil odor, slight indication of gas. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, slightly silty, ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous; grains angular to sub- angular clear quartz with some white quartz, white and gray chert, and dark rock fragments. Biotite and muscovite flakes abundant; particles of limonite, coal, and carbonized plant remains common. Sandstone massive, uniform, except for a 6 -in. unit of sandy siltstone 2 ft below top. Slight oil odor. 3 ft 6 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous, noncalcareous, micace- ous; irregular fracture. A few lam- inae of sandstone in top 3 in.; rounded mass of medium -light -gray sand- stone 1 in. by 2 in. in diameter, is present 6 in. above base of core. No visible bedding in sandstone or silt - stone. Sharp sand -silt contact; sand- stone calcareous; siltstone noncal- careous. Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, slightly to very silty, micaceous, noncalcareous; irregular fracture. A few irregular patches and lenticles (maximum one- half in. thick) of calcareous very fine- grained light -gray sandstone 1 ft below top of core which suggest "swirly" bedding. Dip of patches changes abruptly from 0°-30°; clay - stone -sandstone contacts irregular but sharp. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, very slightly calcareous. 4 ft 10 in., clay shale, medium -gray, slightly silty, micaceous, noncalcare- 82 EXPLORON OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE Nif, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithol*c description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Reeks Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) ous to slightly calcareous; irregular 73 950-955 to poor shaly cleavage. ----- 770-780 Siltstone, with a small amount of clay shale; cement contamination in sample from 770 to 775 ft. ----- 780-785 Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, very calcareous, with some argillaceous silt. ----- 785-800 Clay shale, medium -gray; slightly silty in 74 955-960 part. ----- 800-812 Clay shale, with siltstone, very small amount of sandstone. 69 812-817 Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncalcareous, with ----- 961-965 some micaceous partings. Shaly cleavage poor; rare silty laminae; ----- 965-970 dip 1°-5°, with faint crossbedding. ----- 817-845 Clay shale, medium -gray, silty, micaceous, ----- 970-980 nonbentonitic, with small amount of ----- 980-990 argillaceous micaceous nonbentonitic siltstone. ----- 845-865 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, slightly to very sandy, slightly micaceous, moder- ately calcareous. 70 865-870 Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. ----- 990-1, 000 10 in., clay shale, medium- to medium - 1, 000-1, 020 dark -gray, slightly micaceous, non - calcareous; shaly cleavage poor; beds approximately fiat lying. 6 in., Claystone, medium -gray, very silty, very micaceous, with lenticle of 76 1, 020-1, 025 siltstone at base. 2 ft 1 in., clay shale as at top of core; 77 1,025-1, 027 shaly cleavage poor at top, fair at base; beds flat lying to 5° dip. ----- 1, 027-1, 055 1 ft 1 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, micaceous, noncalcareous, with abun- dant laminae of medium -gray clay shale that dip 6°. ----- 870-895 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, very argil- 1,060-1, 075 laceous, with clay shale increasing to half of sample at base. ----- 895-920 Clay shale, medium- to medium -dark - gray, very silty in lower part. Small ----- 1,075-1,080 amount of siltstone between 905 and 920 feet Clay ironstone at 900 feet; 78 1, 080-1, 085 small chips of calcite, probably from a veinlet, are rare. The top of the Ninuluk formation is reflected by ditch samples at 920 feet, and at 915 feet by electric log; the latter is considered 71 920-925 more accurate. Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, light -gray, salt -and -pep- per, fine-grained, very slightly silty, noncalcareous. Grains subangular to angular clear quartz, with minor amounts of black chert and coal, white quartz, and white and gray chert. Sandstone, uniform, with ir- regular fracture, no bedding. Trace of oil and gas odor. Inoceramus 79 1, 085-1, 090 shell fragments at base. ----- 925-930 Sandstone, as in core 71 above. ----- 930-945 Sandstone as above, and medium -gray silty clay shale. 72 945-950 Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, nonsilty, noncalcareous; very slightly mica- ceous in part; subconchoidal frac- ture. Basal 6 in. has abundant crossbedded (dip as much as 15°); laminae of medium -light -gray silt. Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks 73 950-955 Recovered 4 ft 8 in.: Microfossils absent. Siltstone, medium -light -gray, argilla- ceous, noncalcareous, slightly mica- ceous, with abundant crossbedded (dip as much as 10°) medium -gray clay shale laminae. Rare irregular laminae of very fine-grained sand- stone toward base of core. 74 955-960 Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Siltstone as above, with crossbedded laminae and lenticles of clay shale. 75 960-961 Recovered 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Claystone, medium -gray, noncalcare- ous, nonsilty; irregular fracture. ----- 961-965 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, noncalcareous, very sericitic. ----- 965-970 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous, slightly micaceous. ----- 970-980 Siltstone, with small amount of clay shale. ----- 980-990 Sandstone, light -gray, fine- to very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, very slightly calcareous, very sericitic, nonbenton- itic; composed of subangular grains of clear and white quartz with some gray chert and dark rock fragments. Small amount of clay shale at top of unit. ----- 990-1, 000 Clay shale and sandstone, as above. 1, 000-1, 020 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, finely micaceous, with a very small amount of siltstone. Top of Killik tongue of Chandler formation at 1,010 feet. 76 1, 020-1, 025 Recovered 2 ft: Microfossils absent. Claystone as above, but with rare silty 77 1,025-1, 027 laminae dipping approximately 5°. Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Mierofossils absent. Claystone as in core 75 above. ----- 1, 027-1, 055 Clay shale, medium -gray; slightly silty except in lower part; with rare thin beds siltstone. Fragments of carbon- ized plant remains on some shale chips. ----- 1,055-1,060 No sample. 1,060-1, 075 Clay shale, medium- to medium -dark - gray, very silty; grades to very argilla- ceous siltstone, in upper part; some in lower part nonsilty. ----- 1,075-1,080 Siltstone, light -gray, very sericitic, mod- erately calcareous, and clay shale. 78 1, 080-1, 085 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 6 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, sandy, argillaceous, noncalcareous, with small fragments of carbonized plant remains scattered throughout. Irregular carbonaceous partings sug- gest 10°-120 dip. 4 ft 6 in., Claystone, medium -gray, slightly to very silty, slightly mica- ceous, noncalcareous, with thin ir- regular beds (up to one-half in. thick) of siltstone, with small car- bonized plant fragments common throughout. Subconchoidal frac- ture. 79 1, 085-1, 090 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 6 in., Claystone, medium -gray, very silty; grades to siltstone, medium - gray, very argillaceous, noncalcare- ous, micaceous, with scattered small carbonized plant fragments; irregu- lar to subconchoidal fracture. I ft 9 in., Claystone, medium -gray, non - silty, nonmicaceous, noncalcareous, conchoidal fracture. 5 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, with abundant fragments (maximum WDLLS, VMIAT A!MA, ALA6XA ' Lithologic description—Continued Remarks x. ,length l in.) of coaly plant remains. 1 ft 9 in., siltstone, medium -gray, argil- Beds flat lying to 5° dip. in 1ft 4 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, silty, argil- thin beds and laminae of clay shale. laceous, noncalcareous, very seri- ` too ° • citic, with carbonaceous particles in streaks and patches dipping 5° .11,!090-1, 100 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly ;ups o'k silty, with medium -light -gray, slightly ,t41zl'=< silty and argillaceous, noncalcareous, very very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, sericitic sandstone, composed of sub- angular ;clear and white quartz, white ;a and � gray 'chert, and dark rock frag- streaks of carbonaceous material ments. .. ., .. _ 9th Y;100-=1, 105, Siltstone, light -gray, sericitic. 1:1 105-1, 110 Siltstone and clay shale. _Utli`li 110-1, 115- Clay shale, _ _ _ _ A .1,115-1, 12G Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained," silty, argillaceous, moderately it = calcareous, very sericitic. _ _ _ _, trlj 120--1, 150 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to ! very silty, with very small amount of laminae' and streaks of medium,dark- siltstone. __— alA50-1, 155 -Sandstone, very fine-grained, and clay WT. . " shale. 1,155-1,160 Siltstone, medium -light -gray, slightly ar- 1, 243-1, 253 ` gillaceous, " noncalcareous to slightly calcareous. 165 Clay shale, very silty. .':i;,165-1, 195 Interbedded. sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, slightly silty, stone in. upper 2 ft; scattered irreg- argillaceous, moderately calcareous; X') r < medium -gray very argillaceous siltstone; and medium -dark -gray shale. 1;:195-1, 213 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to rsz - very silty, with small amount siltstone and sandstone in lower part. 80 1,1213-1,223 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. 4 t. 6 in:, clay shale, medium- to medi- um -dark -gray, slightly to moderately very slightly calcareous, with abun- silty, with abundant siltstone laminae; medium light gray and calcareous in upper part. Irregular to poor shaly dipping as much as 5°; slightly cross- ross-841 cleavage; dip of laminae 5°-7°; faintly crossbedded in part. Grades into 841 unit below. Recovered 5 _ft: Microfossils absent. 3 ft .6 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty, nonmicaceous, noncalcare- ous; conchoidal fracture. . _ calcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty, 1 ft, siltstone, medium -light -gray, very argillaceous, noncalcareous, massive; 'f irregular fracture. 81 1,1223-1, 233 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 1, 258-1, 268 I ft 9 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray; fine grained at top grading to very 7 ft 6 in.;"claystone, darn -gray, noncal- fine grained with depth; silty, argil- laceous, sericitic, noncalcareous, with clay laminae and carbonaceous part- A 64.h., bed of very fine-grained ings in lower part. Laminae dip slightly calcareous sandstone, uni- 3 ft 3 in,, siltstone, medium -gray, argil- form 'eiidept for rare small streaks of laceous, noncalcareous, micaceous, with irregular laminae of clay shale and very fine-grained sandstone. 1 ft,- ' interbedded clay shale and very Clay "shale increases with depth; �= • " grades into unit below. 5 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray, very thick slightly silty, with scattered mica- ceous siltstone laminae, with small carbonized plant fragments scattered fine- to fine-grained, and argillaceous throughout. Poor shaly to sub - conchoidal fracture. 82, 1,233-1,243 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. partings of clay shale and carbo- 5 ft,- claystone,' medium- to medium - dark -gray, noncalcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty; subconchoidal fracture. 423224-58---2 3ti Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 91 1 ft 9 in., siltstone, medium -gray, argil- laceous, noncalcareous, with irregular thin beds and laminae of clay shale. Laminae dip 3°-5°. Grades into unit below. 1 ft 3 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous, micaceous, with streaks of carbonaceous material or, clay dipping as much as 5°. 2 ft; siltstone, medium -gray, very ar- giilaceous, noncalcareous, slightly mi- _ cacequs, 'with streaks of light -medi- um -gray -sandstone near top, and laminae' and streaks of medium,dark- gray clay throughout; all dip as much as 10°.. ' A' few fine even laminae dip • Fracture irregular. 83; 1, 243-1, 253 a� 6 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent.' 711 61n., clay shale, medium -gray, very .silty,, Whh abundant laminae of silt - stone in. upper 2 ft; scattered irreg- ular siltstone streaks in lower; part. Clay shale and siltstone both mica- ceous, noncalcareous and have irregular to poor shaly fracture. 1. ft 6 in.,: siltstone, medium -light gray, very slightly calcareous, with abun- „• clay shale laminae and partings dipping as much as 5°; slightly cross- ross-841 841 1, 253-1i 258 Recovered 5 _ft: Microfossils absent. Clay .shale,: medium -dark -gray, non- . _ calcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty, micaceoto.; subconchoidal to poor shaly cleavage. 85' 1, 258-1, 268 Recovere& W ft: Microfossils absent. 7 ft 6 in.;"claystone, darn -gray, noncal- careous,' with conchoidal fracture. A 64.h., bed of very fine-grained slightly calcareous sandstone, uni- form 'eiidept for rare small streaks of clay shale 94n. below top of core. 1 ft,- ' interbedded clay shale and very fine-grained sandstone; beds 2-3 in. thick 1 ft 6 in., interbedded sandstone, very fine- to fine-grained, and argillaceous siltstbnelwith abundant laminae and partings of clay shale and carbo- naeeous clay shale: Dip ranges from 4° to 21°. 3ti i 268-1, 278 Recovered 16 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 ft, interbedded clay shale, medium- " dark_gray, silty, noncalcareous; and medium -light -gray noncalcareous siltstone. A nodule of light -olive - gray noncalcareous clay ironstone three-fourths in. thick 21 in. below top of `core. ;:Grades into unit below. 8 ft, clay ;shale, medium -dark -gray; ` shghtly_silty in ;part, noncalcareous, irregular to poor shaly cleavage. Light -olive -gray' noncalcareous clay iropstone'nodules 1 in. thick at 2- to "• 3.4,intervals through core. 87 1, 278=1, 288 r Rgcovered 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Core barrel plugged; recovery consists of small.fragments of medium -dark - gray play shale. 88. .1, 288-1,,293 No.recovery. 89 1, 293-1, 295 Recovered 1"ft 4 in.: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 1 in:, clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty. 84 Core 90 91 92 93 EXPOTION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESER100. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description—Continued 1, 295-1, 305 1, 305-1, 315 1, 315-1, 325 1,325-1,335 94 1 1, 335-1, 345; Remarks 3 in., clay ironstone, brownish -gray, hard, noncaloareous; conchoidal frac- ture. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils very rare. 5 ft, claystone, medium -dark -gray; slightly silty in part, nonealcareous, conchoidal fracture. 4 ft, sandstone, medium -light- to light - gray, very fine- to fine-grained, silty to very, silty, argillaceous, noneal- careous; grain size decreases with depth; silt content increases. Clay shale streaks and partings increase from rare at top to abundant at base; dip as much as P. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 1 ft 3 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, with common siltstone laminae. 2 ft 9 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, fine-grained, argillaceous, silty, nonealeareous, with streaks of very fine-ECcmm02streaks ned sandstone increasing with deptand part- ingsclayshand carbonaceous tbecome abundant with depth. A 2 -in. bed of medium -dark - gray clayshale with faint medium - gray clay laminae dipping 4° 9 in. above base. Brownish -gray clay ironstone mass 1 in. thick, hard, with conchoidal fracture, above the shale. Sandstone saturated with light -grav- ity oil. 6 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty to nonsilty, noncalcare- ous, with poor shaly to conchoidal fracture. This clay shale is at top of Grandstand formation. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 2 fit 5 in., clay shale as in lower part of core 91 above. 11 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very, fine-grained, with common very irregular thin streaks of clay shale throughout. 6 ft 8 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, nonealeareous; becomes very Silty at top. Subconchoidal fracture grades to poor shaly cleavage. Recovered 10,ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. 2 ft 6in., clay shale as in core 92 above; becomes silty at base; poor shaly cleavage grades to subconchoidal fracture. 2 ft, interbedded silty clay shale, silt - stone, and very fine-grained calcare- ous sandstone; beds Y4-2 in. thick, crossbedcled, with dips as much as 15". 5 ft 6 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, nonsilty to very slightly silty, noncalaareous; becomes fissile and dark gray with depth. Small coal fragments (up to one-half inch in diameter) at base. Olive -gray hard clay ironstone 1 in. thick, with con- choidal fracture, 2% ft above base. Reeovered 5 ft= Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noneal- careous, slightly sericitic. Sandstone of angular to subangular grains of clear and white quartz with minor Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks gray chert and dark rock fragments. Pyrite and biotite absent; muscovite rare. Sandstone uniform, massive. Oil saturation, gas odor. 95 1, 345-1, 350 Recovered 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as in core 94 above, but with very rare streaks of carbonaceous particles. Bottom 7 in. has 1- to 2 -in. layers of medium -gray nonsilty clay shale with subconchoidal frac- ture, -interbedded with crossbedded sandstone dipping as much as 10°. Oil saturation, gas odor. 96 1, 350-1, 355 Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, micaceous, nonealcareous, uniform, massive; Composition as. in core 94 above. Oil and gas noted. 97 1, 355-1, 365 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as in core 96 above, but with 1 in., of medium -gray clay shale at top: Oil and gas noted. 98 1, 365-1, 375 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as in core 96 above. Oil and gas noted. 99 1, 375-1, 383 Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but with rare streaks of clay and carbonaceous particles, and streaks of very cal- careous sandstone. Oil and gas noted. 100 1,383-1,393 Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. 3 ft, siltstone, medium -gray, with abundant irregular intercalations of clay and some very fine-grained sand- stone. Grades into unit below. 4 ft 6 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous, slightly silty, with abundant siltstone intercala- tions and lenticles in upper part decreasing to rare at base. Rare small fragments of coal or carbo- naceous material scattered through- out. A 1 -in. bed of medium -light - gray very fine-grained sandstone 1 in. above base. 101 1, 393-1, 403 Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. 1 ft 2 in., sandstone, light- to medium - light -gray; fine grained at top to very fine grained at base; noncal- careous, with abundant intercala- tions and slightly crossbedded lami- nae of silt and clay shale dipping V-10°. Grades into unit below. 5 ft 3 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, noncaleareous, slightly to very silty, with laminae and streaks of siltstone abundant at top, decreasing to rare at base. 5 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous; composed of angular and subangular clear and white quartz with very rare dark rock fragments, and: seat- tered pyrite, muscovite, biotite, and coaly particles. 1 ft 2 in., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous, nonealcareous, slightly micaceous. Streaks of medium -light - gray very fine-grained sandstone as much as 1 in. thick in lower part. 102 1, 403-1, 409 Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils absent. 10 in., siltstone as at base of core 101 above. WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA Lithologic description -Continued I Lithologic description -Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks ,1 S 1,409-1,414 1,414-1,424 1,424-1,434 1,434-1,444 10 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, noncalcareous, with laminae of siltstone, clay, and rare carbonaceous particles dipping 5°-10°. 2 ft 2 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, noncalcareous, silty, with medium -gray siltstone laminae de- creasing from abundant to very rare with depth. Lenticles (one-eighth in. thick) of grayish -brown clay iron- stone at top and 7 in. below top of section. 2 ft 2 in., sandstone, light -gray, fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous; grades to very fine grained at base; fine clay intercalations in- crease from rare at top to about a third of core at base. Intercalations are flat lying to 100 dip. Note: Cores 100-102 have cyclic bed- ding, grading from shale to silt to sandstone from bottom to top. Top contact of each sandstone bed is sharp Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils rare. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, non - calcareous, sericitic; composed of angular to subangular grains of white quartz with some clear quartz; biotite and coaly or carbonaceous particles rare. Irregular intercala- tions of clay and patches of carbo- naceous material rare to common throughout. A. 1 -in. bed of light - gray fine-grained sandstone 2 ft above base of core is underlain by 5 in. bed of silty clay shale. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous, with shaly cleav- age grading from poor at top to fair at base. Rare streaks and small lenses of slightly crossbedded silt - stone and silty clay shale in upper part. A 3 -in. section of light - yellowish -gray clay ironstone 4 ft below top of core. Beds lie approxi- mately flat. Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale as above, with very rare small streaks of siltstone in upper per• Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 2 ft 7 in., clay shale as in core 104. 11 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray. very fine- to fine-grained, argilla- ceous, silty, slightly to moderately cal- careous, )yL�eery slightly micaceous. Rare small Irregular patches of dark - gray clay shale. .3 in., clay shale as above. 1 ft 2 in., siltstone, medium -light -gray, very sandy, argillaceous, with abun- dant streaks and laminae clay shale, some of which are broken and slightly distorted. 9 in., clay shale as above. 1 ft 4 in., siltstone as above with laminae and %-in. beds of clay shale. 3 ft, clay shale as above, with irregular siltstone laminae dipping as much as 8°. RR Core Depth (feet) Remarks 107 1, 444-1, 454 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, very slightly micaceous, noncalcareous, with poor shaly cleavage or subcon- choidal fracture. Beds approxi- mately flat lying. Irregular silty laminae abundant in lower 6 in. 108 1, 454-1,464 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils rare. Clay shale as in core 104 with scattered laminae and beds (less than 1 in. thick) of medium -gray siltstone. Some laminae crossbedded. Poor shaly to irregular cleavage suggests beds lie approximately flat- siltstone laminae dip as much as 8d, average 5. 109 1,464-1, 474 Recovered 5 ft 4 in.: Microfossils very rare. Clay shale as above but lack silt lami- nae. Fissile in lower part. Dip as much as 5°. 1, 474-1, 485 Siltstone, light -olive -gray, sandy, cal- careous; grades to very fine-grained sandstone in lower part; a small amount of medium -gray shale. 1, 485-1,490 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly silty, micaceous. 1, 490-1, 495 Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, slightly silty, very calcareous, slightly micaceous, with a small amount siltstone and clay shale. 1, 495-1, 500 Clay shale, very to slightly silty, with silt - stone, and a small amount of very fine- grained silty calcareous micaceous sand- stone. ----- 1, 500, 1, 505 Sandstone as above, with siltstone and a small amount of clay shale. ----- 1,505-1,520 Clay shale, with a very small amount of siltstone and sandstone. ----- 1,520-1,530 Siltstone, light -olive -gray and very slightly calcareous to medium -light -gray and noncalcareous. ----- 1,530-1,580 Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine - to fine-grained, silty; slightly calcareous in part, slightly micaceous. A small amount of medium -dark -gray clay shale and medium -light -gray siltstone in lower 20 feet. 1, 580-1, 605 Clay shale, dark- to medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, with small amount of siltstone. 1, 605-1, 615 Sandstone, very fine-grained, with some siltstone. 110 1, 615-1, 625 Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils com- mon. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, nonsilty to slightly silty; fair shaly cleavage; beds approxi- mately flat lying. 111 1, 625-1, 635 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. Clay shale as above; poor shaly cleav- age. 112 1, 635-1, 645 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Clay shale as above. 113 1, 645-1, 651 Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils abundant. 1 ft 4 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, fine-grained, slightly silty, argilla- ceous, noncalcareous, slightly micace- ous, composed of subangular to sub - round grains of clear and white quartz, white and gray chert, and dark rock fragments. Streaks and patches of carbonaceous material dip 2°-5°. 86 BXPLORATO OP NAVAL PETROLEUM Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) t Remarks 114 118 VE N04LASgA, 1944-53 Lithologic descr pUdn-Continued pth (feet)_;. Remarks — 119 1, 743-1,745 120 1, 745-1, 755 121 1,755-1, 765 122 1,765-1,772 123 1,772-1,782 124 1,782-1,792 125 1,792-1,800 126 1, 800-1,810 127 1, 810=1, 816 1, 816-1, 818 1, 818-1, 825 1, 825-1, 830 1,830-1, 875 1, 875-1; 885 1, 885-1, 910 128 1, 910-1, 920 1, 920-1, 970 particles common in upper 2 ft, usually in small patches. Good odor and fair saturation of oil were noted. Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but bottom 4 ft has fair bedding -plane cleavage. Beds approximately flat lying. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but massive. Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above but with spotty oil odor. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above; a 2 -in. unit at 1,790 ft has abundant carbonaceous laminae dipping 5°; 1 in. below laminae is mass of light -brownish - gray hard noncalcareous clay iron- stone approximately 1 in. thick. Recovered 2 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered' 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very - abundant. 1 ft'6 in., interbedded sandstone as above, and clay shale, medium -dark - gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous, with poor shaly cleavage, infiltrated with drilling mud. 3' ft,' clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncal- ears'ous, friable, with poor shalt' cleavage. Badly infiltrated with drilling mud. A 1 -in. bed of sand- stone with alternating crossbedded laminae of light -gray medium -grained and 'medium -light -gray fine-grained sandstone at 1,808 ft. Recovered ' 2 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very abundant. Clay shale as above. No sample. Sandstone, light - gray, fine - grained, slightly silty, noncalcareous, soft; com- posed. of subangular to subround grains of clear and white quartz, with some dark rock fragments and pyrite. Clay shale, dark -gray, slightly carbona- ceous, slightly micaceous, with sand- stone Sandstone, as between 1,818 and 1,825 ft, with very small amount of clay shale between I,830 and 1,840 ft and 1,845 and 1,850 ft. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, with some sandstone. Sandstone, light -gray, fine-grained; be - Wines very fine grained, calcareous to noncalcareous downward; composed of white and clear quartz, small amount of gray chert, and dark rock fragments. Recovered 4 ft: Microfossils very abundant. Drilling mud with fragments of friable medium -dark -gray clay shale as above. A 1 -in. fragment of medium - light -gray medium -grained noncal- careous sandstone at base of core. Sandstone as in core 128 above, with small amount of medium -dark- to dark -gray very slightly silty slightly micaceous clay shale which is most common between 1,940 and 1,955 ft. 4 ft 8 in., clay shale as abovewith poor shaly cleavage. At 1,648 ft is a 1 -in. by 2 -in. mass of pale -yellowish -brown slightly calcareous clay ironstone; grades into surrounding clay shale. Lower 1 ft of clay shale silty; con- tains patches of sandy silt and sand. 1, 651-1, 676'.Sandstone, medium -light -gray; -very fine- grained, very silty; grades into light - olive -gray, argillaceous noncalcareous siltstone. 1; 675-1,680 No sample. I, 680-1, 693 Clay shale, medium -dark- to dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, with a very small amount of siltstone. 1, 693-1, 703 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, nonsilty; poor shaly cleav- age to subconchoidal fracture. A 6 -in.' section of medium -light -gray fine-grained sandstone with streaks of clay shale and rare patches of carbonaceous material at 1,696 ft; very' slightly calcareous, silty, and argillaceous. A 34n. bed of very sandy medium -gray noncalcareous siltstone at base of 'core.` Pelecypod shell' fragments and Ya -in. nodule of "pyrite in shale a few inches above sandstone. Beds approximately flat lying:. _ :. 1, 70371, 713 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale as above, but micaceous and silty in lower 1 ft. _ Pelecypod shell "fragments . ('Corbulat 'sp.) in lower half of core. Beds approximately 'flat -lying. 1,713-1,723 'Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, very silty, slightly mi- caceous. Pelecypod shells (Corbula -r x; 81):) in upper half of core. 1,723-1,733 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 5 ft, clay shale as above, with scattered 'streaks and grains of pyrite. A 7 -in. bed 'of sandy siltstone with inter- calations of clay shale at 1,725 ft. Lower part has abundant intercala- tionsof siltstone and fine-grained sandstone, with some carbonaceous streaks. Grades into unit below. 2 ft 4 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, fine-grainedi with abundant inter- calations of clay shale, siltstone, and carbonaceous material in upper part; intercalations become rare with depth. Carbonized plant fragments in lower part'of sandstone.. 2 ft' 8 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray,' slightly to very silty, with abundant intercalations of sandstone and siltstone; some of which are slightly :erossbedded. 1,733-1,743 Recovered 81t: "Microfossils common. 3 -ft 4 in., ciay'shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncal- careous, with siltstone and sandstone intercalations in upper 6 in. 4 " ft. 8 in., sandstone, medium -light_ gray, fine- to medium -grained, ar- gillaceous, noncalcareous, massive; composed of subangular to sub - rounded grains of clear and white quartz, with some gray chert and dark rock fragments. Carbonaceous VE N04LASgA, 1944-53 Lithologic descr pUdn-Continued pth (feet)_;. Remarks — 119 1, 743-1,745 120 1, 745-1, 755 121 1,755-1, 765 122 1,765-1,772 123 1,772-1,782 124 1,782-1,792 125 1,792-1,800 126 1, 800-1,810 127 1, 810=1, 816 1, 816-1, 818 1, 818-1, 825 1, 825-1, 830 1,830-1, 875 1, 875-1; 885 1, 885-1, 910 128 1, 910-1, 920 1, 920-1, 970 particles common in upper 2 ft, usually in small patches. Good odor and fair saturation of oil were noted. Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but bottom 4 ft has fair bedding -plane cleavage. Beds approximately flat lying. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but massive. Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 7 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above but with spotty oil odor. Recovered 9 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above; a 2 -in. unit at 1,790 ft has abundant carbonaceous laminae dipping 5°; 1 in. below laminae is mass of light -brownish - gray hard noncalcareous clay iron- stone approximately 1 in. thick. Recovered 2 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered' 4 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very - abundant. 1 ft'6 in., interbedded sandstone as above, and clay shale, medium -dark - gray, slightly silty, noncalcareous, with poor shaly cleavage, infiltrated with drilling mud. 3' ft,' clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, noncal- ears'ous, friable, with poor shalt' cleavage. Badly infiltrated with drilling mud. A 1 -in. bed of sand- stone with alternating crossbedded laminae of light -gray medium -grained and 'medium -light -gray fine-grained sandstone at 1,808 ft. Recovered ' 2 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very abundant. Clay shale as above. No sample. Sandstone, light - gray, fine - grained, slightly silty, noncalcareous, soft; com- posed. of subangular to subround grains of clear and white quartz, with some dark rock fragments and pyrite. Clay shale, dark -gray, slightly carbona- ceous, slightly micaceous, with sand- stone Sandstone, as between 1,818 and 1,825 ft, with very small amount of clay shale between I,830 and 1,840 ft and 1,845 and 1,850 ft. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, with some sandstone. Sandstone, light -gray, fine-grained; be - Wines very fine grained, calcareous to noncalcareous downward; composed of white and clear quartz, small amount of gray chert, and dark rock fragments. Recovered 4 ft: Microfossils very abundant. Drilling mud with fragments of friable medium -dark -gray clay shale as above. A 1 -in. fragment of medium - light -gray medium -grained noncal- careous sandstone at base of core. Sandstone as in core 128 above, with small amount of medium -dark- to dark -gray very slightly silty slightly micaceous clay shale which is most common between 1,940 and 1,955 ft. WST WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA • Lithologic description—Continued Core Depth (feet) 1,970-2,020 ------ 12,020-2,030 2, 030-2, 055 2, 055-2, 080 ----- 2,080-2,100 2, 100-2, 115 2, 115-2, 125 2, 125-2, 185 ----- 2,185-2,250 2, 250-2, 252 129 2,252-2,257 130 131 132 133 2,257-2,266 2,266-2,271 2,271-2,276 2, 276-2, 277 2,277-2,287 134 { 2, 287-2, 292 Remarks Clay shale, medium- to medium -dark - gray, nonsilty to very silty, very slightly micaceous. Some loose sand in ditch samples between 1,980 and 2,010 ft probably contamination from overlying sandstone. A reverse fault repeats beds of the Killik tongue between 2,010 and 2,085 feet. Sandstone, light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, slightly calcareous, with clay shale and very small amount of siltstone. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty; grades to very argillaceous siltstone in lower part. Clay shale, with increasing siltstone and a small amount of sandstone which increases somewhat with depth. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray. Top of Grandstand formation where it is repeated by faulting is at 2,085 ft. Clay shale with sandstone, light -gray, very: fine-grained, very small amount of siltstone. Sandstone as above, with some clay shale. Interbedded sandstone, siltstone, and clay shale; some fissile carbonaceous clay shale at 2,145 ft. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray; silty in part, with a small amount of siltstone and sandstone. Siltstone, medium -light -gray, argillaceous to sandy, very calcareous, with a very small amount of clay shale and sandstone. Recovered 4 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, indium -dark -gray; slightly silty in part, noncalcareous, with scattered, faint, slightly crossbedded laminae of silty medium -gray clay shale. Fair shaly cleavage dips as much as 10°. No recovery; bit plugged. No recovery; bit plugged. No recovery; bit plugged. No sample. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils rare. 1 in., clay shale and dark -brownish - gray clay ironstone. 8 in., sandstone, medium -gray, fine- grained, noncalcareous, . with abun- dant intercalations of dark -gray micaceous clay shale. 10 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, very slightly silty, noncalcareous. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium -gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argil- laceous, noncalcareous, micaceous, with some intercalations of clay shale in upper 6 in. Common silt - stone laminae and carbonaceous partings dip V-8°. A 6 -in. unit at 2,281 ft contains abundant lenticles and intercalations of medium -dark - gray clay shale. 1 ft 9 in., sandstone as above, but with intercalations of medium -dark - gray clay shale increasing with depth from 2 to 20 percent of the rock. 1 ft 2 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, noncalcareous, with irregular fracture. Slickensides on some surfaces. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils common. 3 ft, clay shale, medium -dark -gray, silty, noncalcareous, with common Lithologic description—Continued Core I Denth (feet) I Remarks 135 2, 292-2, 297 136 2,297-2,.302 137 2,3 02-2, 307 138 2,307-2,309 139 2,309-2,314 140 2,314-2,318 141 2,318-2,327 142 12, 327=2, 337 143 2,337-2,347 144 2, 347-2, 357 MM siltstone laminae and intercalations dipping V-15°. Slickensides on a few surfaces in upper 1 ft. 2 ft, interbedded clay shale as above and medium -light -gray noncalcare- ous argillaceous sandy siltstone, with crossbedded argillaceous laminae dipping V-10°. Individual beds 1-6 in. thick; siltstone totals more than half of unit. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils abundant. Interbedded clay shale and siltstone as above; clay shale totals three-fourths of upper half of core, and siltstone makes up two-thirds of lower half. Two Ilii -in. beds of brownish -gray clay ironstone in siltstone at 2,296 ft and a 1 -in. bed at 2,296% ft. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils common. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, and argillaceous, very slightly calcareous, micaceous, massive; composed of subangular grains . of clear and white quartz, gray chert, and dark rock fragments, with some carbonaceous particles. Lower half of core has beds of medium -dark -gray silty clay shale %-3 in. thick, totaling a third of the rock. Irregular laminae of silt in clay shale, . and clay shale in sandstone dip l°-6°. Strong odor of oil and gas; core .bled oil. Recovered 2 ft: Microfossils rare. 10 in., clay shale, medium -dark -gray, silty, noncalcareous, slightly mica- ceous, with intercalations of,medium- gray siltstone. 1 ft 2 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, fine-grained, very slightly silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous. Fair bedding -plane cleavage suggests flat - lying beds. Strong oil and gas odor; cores bled oil. Recovered 2 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. Sandstone as above, but very fine- to fine-grained. Beds approximately flat lying. Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent.__ Sandstone as above. Beds approxi- mately flat lying. Recovered 6 ft 6 in.: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils very rare. 3 ft 6 in., sandstone as above, but more massive. Carbonaceous partings in 1 -in. unit at 2,339 ft dip 13°. 5 ft 6 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained,, very silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous, mica- ceous, massive. Rounded 1 -in. mass of fine-grained sandstone at 2,341 ft; argillaceous, micaceous laminae at 2,342 ft dip 15°-17°. Nearly verti- cal calcite veinlet in lower foot of core. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 2 ft, sandstone -as above, with vertical calcite veinlets. 7 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, micaceous, 88 EXPLOON OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE if 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description -Continued Core I Depth (feet) 145 2,357-2,365 146 2,365-2,370 ----- 2,370-2,390 ----- 2,390-2,425 ----- 2, 425-2 430 ----- 2,430-2,435 ----- 2,435-2,440 ----- 2,440-2,445 ----- 2,445-2,455 2, 445-2, 500 ----- 2,500-2,515 147 148 149 150 2,515-2,537 2,537-2,542 2, 542-2, 547 2,547-2,557 2,557-2,563 Remarks noncalcareous, with subconchoidal fracture. 3 ft 5 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, slightly calcareous, mi- caceous, with argillaceous laminae dipping 10-170. Rare 1 -in. clay - stone beds in lower part. Grades to siltstone at base. 4 ft, claystone, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, noncalcareous; irregular fracture. Rare laminae and thin beds (1 in. or less) of medium - gray siltstone; 3 -in. bed of siltstone with argillaceous laminae in basal 1 ft of core. Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as above, with rare inter- calations of siltstone. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Claystone as above. Interbedded clay shale, slightly to very silty, siltstone, and small amount of sandstone. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, silty, very finely micaceous; rare fragments of dark - gray to grayish -black clay. Clay shale as above with some very slightly calcareous siltstone and sand- stone. No sample. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, very silty, argillaceous, very slightly calcareous, with some clay shale and siltstone. Siltstone, sandy, similar to the sandstone above, with a small amount of clay shale. Siltstone, grading to very fine-grained sandstone, and clay shale. Siltstone, grading to sandstone, with some clay shale; siltstone decreases with depth as clay shale increases to make up all the rock. Clay shale, with some siltstone and light - gray very fine- to fine-grained silty ar- gillaceous sandstone composed of sub- angular to subrounded grains of white and clear quartz with some gray chert and dark rock fragments. Mica very rare. Sandstone, as described between 2,500 and 2,515 ft above. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, silty, argillaceous, noncal- careous to very slightly calcareous, very slightly micaceous, massive, uni- form. Sandstone composed of sub- angular grains of clear and white quartz, white and gray chert, and rare dark rock fragments. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 8 ft 6 in., sandstone as above, massive, uniform. 1 ft 3 in., clay shale, medium -dark - gray, silty, poor shaly cleavage, with rare siltstone laminae. 3 in., sandstone as above. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very rare. Sansdtone as above; lower 1 ft 9 in. has common carbonaceous laminae dip- ping 10°-15°; irregular subangular Lithologic description -Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks mass of medium -dark -gray silty clay - stone 2 in. in diameter at top of laminated unit. A %-in. bed of silty medium -gray claystone at 2,562 ft, and irregular mass of clay ironstone, 151 2, 563-2, 568 Recoverredximatelv 5 ft: glierofossils commons 1 ft 2 in. sandstone, very fine-grained, and medium -dark -gray silty clay - stone intermingled in irregular mases and thin beds. Rare carbonaceous partings in sandstone dip as much as 15°. 3 ft 10 in., sandstone, very fine-grained, - 152 2,568-2,573 msiveas in Recovvered 5 ft: Muniforicrofossils ofo sils rverv0 rare. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- grained, as above, but with common laminae of micaceous clay shale and carbonaceous partings dipping 1°- 100, with some slight crossbedding. Most laminae even and subparallel, some irregular and undulating. A 1 -in. bed of medium -dark -gray clay - stone at 2,570 ft and 2 -in. bed at 153 2, 573-2, 578 Recoverf Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, very slightly silty and micaceous, noncal- careous; very poor shaly cleavage dips less than 5 ----- 2,578-2,585 . Interbedded sandstone, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, noncalcareous, and ----- 2,585-2,595 medium -dark -gray clay shale. Clay shale, dark -gray, nonsilty to slightly silty, very finely micaceous, with small amount of very fine- to fine-grained ----- 2,595-2,600 sandstone. Sandstone, fine-grained, with very small ----- 2,600-2,625 amount of clay shale. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, and very ----- 2,625-2,635 small amount of sandstone. Sandstone, light -gray, very fine- to fine- grained, slightly silty, very slightly calcareous, with common carbonaceous particles in lower part; with medium - ----- 2,635-2,660 dark -gray clay shale. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, nonsilty 154 2,660-2,670 to Recovered silty.8 t: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine- to fine-grained, argillaceous, silty, very slightly micaceous, non - calcareous to slightly calcareous, massive, uniform. Sandstone of sub- angular grains of white and clear quartz with some chert and dark rock fragments. Rare scattered 155 2, 670-2, 680 grains of limonite. Recovered 1 ft 6 in. (bit plugged) : Micro - fossils absent. Sandstone, as above. 156 2, 680-2, 682 No recovery; bit plugged. 157 2, 682-2, 688 Recovered 6 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but very fine grained, with common intercalations and laminae of medium -dark -gray clay shale between 2,684 and 2,685 ft. 158 2,688-2,695 Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above but with fair bedding -plane cleavage suggesting a dip of approximately 5°. Rare faint- ly crossbedded silty laminae in units 2-3 in. thick. TEST WELLS; UMIAT AREA, ALA81£A Lithologic description—Continued dorb Depth (feet) 159 2,695-2,705 160 2,705-2,715 161 2,715-2,718 162 2'718-2,728 163 21728-2,733 T< 164 2,733-2,743 165 2, 743-2, 748 466 2,748-2,758 167 2,758-2,759 ----- 2,759-2,765 2,765-2,775 2,775-2,795 2'795-2,800 _ _ _ - 21800-2,810 - 2,810-2,820 168 2, 820-2, 825 169 1 2,825-2,833 ]Remarks Recovered 10 ft: Micrbfossils absent. Sandstone as above, butslightly coarser and more massive in upper 3 ft. Two ;i -in. streaks of limonitic clay 1 ft below top of core flip approximately 5°. Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, but massive except for bottom 2 K. Scattered inter- calations of limonitic clay between 2,706 and 2,707 ft. Recovered 3 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, with a is -in. bed containing abundant coarse sub- angular grains of coaly material and hematitic clay. No recovery. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above but with common subparallel laminae of clay shale, dip- ping 10°-15° between 2,730 and 2,732 ft. A ii -in. lamina of light -brownish - gray clay ironstone at 2,731 ft. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, massive, uniform. Medium -dark -gray claystone laminae and intercalations in lower 3 ft; laminae, commonly micaceous and carbonaceous, dip 30-150. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Siltstone, medium -gray, argillaceous, very micaceous, noncalcareous. Sandstone and silty clay shale laminae and intercalations in lower half of core; laminae dip 100-150. Recovered 4 in.: Not sampled for micro - fossils. Claystone, medium -dark -gray, very silty, noncalcareous. Recovered 2 in.: Not sampled for micro - fossils. Claystone as above, but less silty. Clay shale, with a small amount of silt - stone and sandstone. Siltstone, medium -light -gray, with a small amount of sandstone and clay shale. Clay shale, with some siltstone in upper 5 ft, and a very small amount of sand- stone and siltstone decreasing toward base of unit. No sample. Clay shale with a small amount of silt - stone at top. Sandstone, very fine-grained, as in core 168. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, silty, argillaceous, very micaceous, very slightly calcareous, massive, uniform. Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils absent. 5 ft, sandstone as above, but with faint argillaceous laminae in lower part dipping 30-8° A V4 -in. bed of clay ironstone at 2,528 ft. Grades into unit below. sand 7 in., siltstone, medium -gray, Y> argillaceous, noncalcareous, with car- bonaceous particles and intercala- tions of dark -gray clay shale; rare patches of pyrite. 2 ft 5 in., sandstone as above, but very calcareous, hard. Lithalogic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) 170 1 171 Z,833-2,843 2,843-2,853 172 2, 853-2, 858 173 2, 858-2, 865 174 2, 865-2, 875 175 2, 875-2, 885 2, 885-2, 890 2, 890-2, 950 2,950-2,955 ----- 2,955-2,981 176 2, 981-2, 986 Remarks Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 5 ft 8 in., sandstone as above, with common intercalations of medium - dark -gray clay shale, and carbo- naceous micaceous laminae dipping 8°-10°. 4 ft 4 in., claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, with intercala- tions and beds (less than 2 in. thick) of medium -gray sandy siltstone. Top of Topagoruk formation at approximately 2,840 ft. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. 8 ft 3 In., siltstone, medium -gray, very argillaceous, partly sandy, micaceous, noncalcareous, with intercalations of medium -dark -gray micaceous clay shale and medium -light -gray mica- ceous sandstone. Clay shale com- mon in beds ?a-1 in. thick between 2,845 and 2,849 ft. Grades into unit below. 1 ft 9 in., sandstone, medium -light - gray, very fine-grained, very argilla- ceous, silty, micaceous, noncalcar- eous. Upper part has faint car- bonaceous partings dipping approxi- mately 10°. Recovered 1 ft 6 in.: Microfossils rare. 1 ft, siltstone as above. 6 in.. claystone, medium -dark -gray, very silty, micaceous, noncalcareous, with irregular fracture. Irregular silty intercalations in upper part. Recovered 7 ft: Microfossils very rare. Claystone as above; very rare pyritized and carbonized plant fragments scattered throughout. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. 8 ft 11 in., claystone as above, slightly to very silty. 1 ft 1 in., sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argil- laceous, slightly calcareous, mica- ceous, with faint carbonaceous, mica- ceous partings and clay shale laminae dipping V-12°. Fracture irregular. Recovered 8 ft: Microfossils very rare. 4 ft 6 in., interbedded sandstone and claystone as above; beds 3J-6 in. thick, about half sandstone and half claystone. 3 ft 6 in., claystone as above but only slightly silty and micaceous. Clay shale, sandstone, and siltstone. Clay shale, medium -dark- to dark -gray, nonsilty to very silty, with rare silt - stone in upper 25 ft. Clay shale, siltstone, gray, sndy,llaeus, noncal- careous. Clay shale, with rare siltstone. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, very silty, argillaceous, very slightly calcareous, slightly micaceous, massive, uniform. Sand- stone composed of subangular grains of clear and white quartz with gray chert and dark rock fragments and carbonaceous particles. Spotty oil I saturation and odor. 90 EXPLOTION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE*. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Lithologic description -Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks 177 2, 986-2, 996 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, with vertical 178 2,996-3,001 calcite veinlets. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, with vertical calcite veinlets; bottom 1 ft lacks 187 3, 512-3, 522 veinlets, but has carbonaceous 179 . 3,001-3,011 partings dipping 100-120. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils absent. Sandstone as above, massive, uniform, 180 3,011-3,016 lacks No recovery. inlets. ----- 3,016-3,020 Clay shale with some siltstone. 3j020-3,085 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray; grades to dark -gray with depth. Small amount of siltstone from 3,030 to 3,040 ft and from 3,050 to 3,055 ft; elsewhere very ----- 3,085-3,095 rare. Sandstone, medium -light- to medium - 3, 532-3, 640 gray, very fine-grained, slightly cal- careous, with a large amount of clay _ _ _ 3; 095--3,160 shale in upper part. Clay shale, with rare brownish -gray silt - 3,160-3,210 stone. Clay shale, with siltstone, brownish -gray; ----- 3;210-3,225 very sandy in part, calcareous. Clay shale, slightly to very silty. ----- 3,225-3,250 Clay shale and medium -gray, very argil- laceous siltstone. 3, 250-3, 345 Clay shale, slightly to very silty, with ----- 3,345-3,350 rare siltstone. No sample. - _ 3,350-3,395 Clay shale with rare siltstone. 18,1 3, 395-3, 405 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. 5 ft, Claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty and sandy, non - ----- 3,835-3,845 calcareous, micaceous, with scattered patches and streaks of pyrite and car- bonaceous particles. Irregular frac- ture. ----- 3,845-3,985 5 ft, siltstone, medium-grav, very sandy, argillaceous, noncalcareous, ----- 3,985-4,070 micaceous, with patches of medium - 182 3,405-3,415 dark -gray clay. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very abun- dant. ----- 4,070-4,075 6 ft, claystone, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty, noncalcareous, micaceous. Irregular fracture. 4 ft, siltstone, medium -gray, very argil- ----- 4,075-4,080 laceous, very slightly pyritic, non - _ _ 4,080-4,085 calcareous, with intercalations of 189 4,085-4,090 medium -dark -gray claystone. Irreg- 183 3,415-3,425 ular Recovered 10 ft Microfossils very abun- dant. Claystone, medium-dark-grav, very silty, micaceous, noncalcareous, mas sive, uniform. Irregular fracture. - 190 4,090-4,095 Small patches of carbonized plant re- 3,425-3,430 mains184 Recovered 5 ft scatteredM crofosthrousllout. common. 191 4,095-4,104 Claystone as above. ----- 3,430-3,465 Clay shale, with rare siltstone, medium - ----- 3,465-3,497 light -gray; slightly calcareous in part. Siltstone, very sandy; grades to sandstone 192 4,104-4,114 in upper part; becomes darker, very ar- gillaceous; not sandy in lower part. Amount of clay shale increases with 185 3,497-3,507 'depth. Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils very rare. Claystone and siltstone, interbedded, medium -light -gray, slightly argilla- ceous, sandy, noncalcareous. Beds 1-6 in. thick and about half siltstone and half claystone. Rare faint Lithologic description -Continued Core Depth (feet) Remarks sli. htly carbonaceous laminae dip log. 0 186 3, 507=3, 512 Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone as in core 183 above, with scattered thin siltstone intercalations. 187 3, 512-3, 522 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils common. Claystone and siltstone, interbedded, as in core 185 above, with beds 1-12 In. thick. 188 3,522-3,532 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, slightly to very silty, with scattered medium -gray siltstone in- tercalations. Very poor shaly cleav- age suggests a dip of 10-50. 3, 532-3, 640 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, with very small amount of very argillaceous siltstone. 3, 640-3, 650 No sample. 3, 650-3, 725 Clay shale, with argillaceous medium- light- to olive -gray, slightly calcareous siltstone which makes up 5-40 percent of the rock. Siltstone at bottom of unit is brownish gray, noncalcareous. 3, 725-3, 835 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, slightly to very silty; abundant fine particles of pyrite in shale at 3,820 ft. Very rare siltstone. ----- 3,835-3,845 Sandstone, brownish -gray, very fine- grained, very argillaceous, silty, with siltstone that is similar but finer grained and medium -dark -gray clay shale. ----- 3,845-3,985 Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, partly silty, finely micaceous. ----- 3,985-4,070 Clay shale as above, but with rare silt - stone at 3,985-3,995, 4,030-4,040, and 4,065-4,070 ft. ----- 4,070-4,075 Siltstone, medium -gray, sandy, very slightly calcareous, with small amount of clay shale. ----- 4,075-4,080 No sample. _ _ 4,080-4,085 Clay shale with small amount siltstone. 189 4,085-4,090 Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils common. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - silty to slightly silty, noncalcareous, very poor shaly cleavage, with rare intercalations and laminae of me- dium -gray siltstone. Laminae slightly - 190 4,090-4,095 crossbedded and dip 3°-10°. Recovered 5 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale as above. 191 4,095-4,104 Recovered 8 ft 6 in.: Microfossils abun- dant. Clay shale as above. 192 4,104-4,114 Recovered 10 ft: Microfossils abundant. Clay shale as above. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, with very small amount of siltstone decreasing to rare with depth. Fragments of calcite veins in lower part; a few pieces of gray- ish -black shale found in botton 10 ft. ----- 4, 155-4, 176 Clay shale and sandstone, interbedded, medium -light -gray, very fine-grained, argillaceous, silty, slightly calcareous. 193 4,176-4,181 Recovered 3 ft 6 in.: Microfossils very abundant. Claystone, medium -dark -gray, noncal- careous, slightly micaceous; slightly silty in part, with irregular fracture. Laminae and intercalations of very argillaceous siltstone are rare. 194 4,181-4,190 Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale, like claystone above; very poor shaly cleavage and silty laminae I suggest a dip of 18°-20°. 0 S WELLS, UMIAT AREA; ALASKA Lithologic description—Continued Core I Depth (feet) I Remarks 195 1 4, 190-4, 200 196 4, 200-4, 204 _ _ _ 4,204-4,225 4, 225-4, 255 4,255-4,260 4,260-4,280 4,280-4,285 4,285-4,355 4,355-4,380 _. 4,380-4,395 4,395-4,490 _ _ 4,490-4,560 4,560-4,710 41710-4,815 _ 4, 815-5, 005 5, 005-5, 070 5)070-5,150 5,150-5,365 _ _ - 5,365-5,400 5, 400-5,565 ----- 5, 565-5, 580 5,580-5,990 197 1 5, 990-6, ON 6, 00; Recovered 9 ft: Microfossils common. Clay shale as above; very poor shaly cleavage and laminae dip 10°-25°. Recovered 4 ft: Microfossils abundant. Clay shale as above; cleavage and laminae dip 10°-200. Clay shale, with a small amount of silt - stone and rare sandstone. Clav shale with very small amount of siltstone; a few fragments of shale are black. Clay shale and argillaceous siltstone, inter- bedded, with some sandstone. Clay shale, with rare siltstone. Siltstone with some clay shale. Clay shale, partly very silty, with rare siltstone In upper part of unit. Clay shale and medium -light -gray, very fineograined sandstone. Clay shale, with small amount of silt- stone.and silty sandstone. Clay shale, slightly harder, darker, and more fissile than that above. Clay shale as above, with a very small Amount of medium -gray very argilla- ceous slightly calcareous siltstone, at 4,490 to 4,500 ft and 4,520-4,540 ft. Crinoid ossicles were found at 4,500 and 4;525 ft. Clay shale, hard; rare siltstone only at 4,595-4,615, 4,625-4,635, and 4,670- 4,690 ft. Clay shale as above, with. argillaceous siltstone, and a few fragments of very fine-grained sandstone at 4,715 ft and 4,770 ft. One or two fragments have bituminous (?) 'partings. Clay shale, with rare siltstone. Bottom 15 ft slightly darker than shale above. Clay shale as above, with some siltstone; some of shale is very silty. Clay shale, nonsilty to very silty, with rate -siltstone and a very few pieces of medium -brownish -gray noncalcareous sandstone, with much dark -brown clear quartz, in dark silt matrix. Clay shale, partly silty, with different amounts.of argillaceous siltstone, rang- ing from ;io to y2of the rock. A crinoid ossicle was found at 5,150 ft. Clay shale, partly silty, with small amount of siltstone and very rare medium -light - gray very argillaceous silty sandstone. Clay shale and rare siltstone. Clay shale and slightly sandy siltstone. Clay shale, rarely very silty, with siltstone making up 10 percent or less of the rock. Few pieces- of medium -gray very fine- grained sandstone make up 5-10 percent of the rock between 5,800 and 5,810 ft. Rare pieces of brownish -gray very fine- grained sandstone at 5,665-5,675 ft. Crinoid ossicles at 5,740-5,750 and 5,800-5,810 ft. Top of Oumalik for- mation at 5,650 ft. Recovered 15 ft: Microfossils absent. Clay shale, medium -dark -gray, non - calcareous, slightly silty, with abun- dant very fine, very uniform partings of micaceous silt, 11/is-1 in. apart, which give varvelike appearance and very good bedding -plane cleav- age., Laminae dip 5°. Total depth. is 91 CORE ANALYSES The following table shows the porosity, permeability, and carbonate content of core samples from Umiat test well 1. Most of the effective porosity and air permeability data were determined in the U. S. Geo- logical Survey laboratory in Fairbanks, Alaska, -using the Washburn -Bunting porosimeter and the Hayward permeameter; some samples were also tested by Paul D. Krynine. Tests were also made by Dowell Incorporated of Tulsa, Okla. Carbonate -content tests and sieve analyses (see p. 92 for the latter) were made in the Fairbanks laboratory. Analyses of core samples from Umiat test well 1 Effective Air perme- I Content of car - Depth (feet) porosity (per. ability (mil bonate minerals cent) lidarcys) (percent by weight) 89------------------------------ 15.8 14 4 13.24 15.0 - 118------------------------------- 17.2 6.25 16.97 120--------------------- - --- 5.0 124------------------------------- 130------------------------------ 16.2 17.2 8.8 ---------------- 7.5 ---------------- 135------------------------- -- 15.6 5.75 _ ---------- 139------------------------------ <5 36. 19 166------------------------------- 52 <5 ---------------- 171--------------- -------------- . 17.5 <5 ---------------- 177---------------- — 15.2 <9.9 187-- ---------------------- - 537------------------------------- 15.4 19.5 - 17.3 --------- -- 540------------------------------ <5 26.31 543----- - ---- -- ---------- 13.7 <5 21.78 549------------------------------- 554-------------------- - ------ 10.7 <5 ---------------- ---------- 748------- ---------------------- 10.8 <4 . 2 754------------------------------ 924------------------------------- 10.8 20.0 6 ---------------- 7.5 ---------------- ,22 ------------------------------ 1,224--------------------------- 1 8.6 17.7 < ---------------- 1,3361 --------------------------- 9.3 <2.5 ------------- - 1,339----------------------------- ---------------- 1,3462 --------------------------- --------- 20.0 5.2 3.7 1.3461-------------------------- 12.2 < ---------------- -------------1,352----------------------------- 1,348---------------------------- 1,352 ----------------------------- 1,355 1--------------------------- 12.7 <1 5.2 <5 1,356------------------------- - 11.1 10.6 <1 8.1 1,3581 ---------------------------- 10.8 <4 ---------------- 1360 ,------------- 1,363---------------------------- 11.4 13.9 <5 <1 1,3631 ---------------------------- 12.3 <27.8 6.3 1,3661-------------------------- 11. ---------------- 1,368--------------------------- .09 ------------8.3 1,372 ---------------------------- --------- 9.5 <1 1,3721 ---------------------------- 10.2 6.5 ---------------- 1,374------------------------------ 14.4 <1 -----------36.6 1,3791 --------------------------- 12.6 62.6 - 1,380----------------------------- - --- 11739 --------------------------- --- --- -- - 15.9 14.4 2.4' 1,7401-------------------------- 15.659.5 ---------------- 1,742------------------------------ 17.8 50.0 ---------------- 1,746 ------------------------------3.5 14.9 3.5 1,7461--------------------------- . 35.0 ---------------- ----------------------------17. ---- 25.8 25.8 ---------------- ' ---------------------------- 1752 -------------- - 21.9 13. 4 3.5 1,753------------------------------ .41 - - -------------- 1,757------------------------------ ---------- ----- 18.9 1 .2 5.5 1,7571--------------------------- 14.9 <5 -------------- 1,760---------------------- ----- 6 --------------- 1,762--------------- ----- -------- 10.1 <5 ---- ----------- 1,765 — 10.9 <D ---------------- 1,768----------------------------- ---------- ------ 1,773------------------------------ 9.7 <5 ---------=------ 1,776---------------------------- 7.7 ---------------- 1,780------------------------------ 8.5 ----------- < ----- 1,783------------------------------ 8.4 < ----------- ----- 1,787------------------------------ --------------- 1,790------------------------------ 8.6 <4 ---------------- 1,796----------------------------- 8.9 <5 ---------------- 2,281------------------------------ 7.7 < ---------------- 2,291------------------------------ 2,299------------------------------ 10.0 9.5 2,3081 ---------------------------- 18.1 15.2 --------------- - - 2.310---------------- ------------- 15.7 3.8 3.63 2,3111 ---------------------------- 1 -------- - ---------------- --11.0 2,314------------------------------ ---------------- 2,3211 ---------------------------- ------------25.2 1.6 5.61 2,3221 ---------------------------- 144.3 <1 6. b 2,3301---------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. 92 EXPLORON OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE NO, ALASKA, 1944-53 Analyses of core samples from Umiat test well 1 -Continued Depth (feet) Effective porosity (per- cent) Air perme- ability (mil- lidarcys) Content of car - bonate minerals (percent by weight) 2,335----------------------------- - 16.0 <4 - 2,340 1-------------------------- 2,341----------------------------- 14.5 1.8 - 6.36 2,345 ------------------------------ 10.3 11.4 <6 <5 ------- 2,537----'--------------------- 7.3 <5 ---------------- -------- 2,W ------------------------------ 11.7 <5 230 mesh • ------------------------------ 2,546 10.7 <5 ------------------------------ 2,549 - 10.1 <5 ---------------- `2,553--------------------------- 2,556---------------------------- 6.2 <5 ---------------- ---------------- 100.0 6.8 <5 ---------------- 31.3 35.6 99.8 ---------------- --------------- 1---------------------------- 14.1 <7 30.4 2,664 ---------------------------- 14.7 -<5 ---------------- ----------27.76 2,669----------------------------- 25.0 99.9 1,360--------------- ?,675---------------------------- ---------------- 10.5 ---------------- <4 20.6 2,683 -------------- ---- - ---- ?,690 Y______ 7.5 <4 -----------13.48 ______________________ 41690 ?,694------------------------------ _ _ _12.3 - i7_9__ 9.5 ----------5.68 ?,698 1------------------------- 23.8 14.7 23.0 4.0 -------------- 5.31 ?,699---------------------------- ?,7022------------ 15.2 <4 - �• � ----- - ------------------- 1,706---------------- ---- 16.3 2.4 <1 ----------'5.75 -- - !,710----------------------------- 13.1 14.0 <5 <5 36.0 '• ------------------------------ .. 18----------------------------- 15.6 <13 ---------------- ---------------- ! - -- Iz.l 10.7 ---------------- <6 ---------------- ------------ ---------- 10.9 28.0 ---------------- !, !,738--------------------------- !,821 !, 21---------------------------- 9.2 ---------------- <5 ---------------- ---------- ----13.45 !,825 9.1 10.5 <5 2,� !,829----------------------------- !,876------------------------------ 10.0 <5 _ 16.0 4981 ---------------------------- 7.0 12.7 _ --------------- _ ---------------- 9.47 ----------------- !,9832___________ 12.5 2.78 _ I,987_____ 11.2 .0 1'--------------------------- !:995 10.8 _--------------- <4 ---------------- ---------------- ----------------------------- 00o 10.0 <5 ---------------- - ------ s. o 8.5 ---------------- <6 ---------------- ,498 ---------------------------- 13.4 ---------------- _ --------------- ---------------- ISamples tested by Dowell Incorporated. 2 Samples tested by P. D. Krynine. Sieve analyses of samples from Umiat test well 1 Wentworth scale Sand grain size,' (percent) Depth (feet) -- 60 mesh 120 mesh 230 mesh Less than (medium) (fine) (very fine) 230 mesh Total (silt, clay) 139__________________ 537------------------ 3.4 57.2 10.6 28.8 100.0 754__________________ 1.2 31.7 31.3 35.6 99.8 922------------------ 1.5 45.9 22.4 30.4 100.3 1,348________________ ----------- 67.5 7.4 25.0 99.9 1,360--------------- _ ----------- 48.81 19.21 31.98 100.00 1,368 ---------------- ----------- Trace 33.0 28.60 33.0 33.20 33.0 40.14 99.0 101.94 1,370________________ 1,744________________ 0.61 9.68 49.70 30.92 18.01 99.24 1,748________________ 4.92 67.20 61.20 11.20 13.47 11.54 20.00 99.62 99.59 1,760 ---------------- 1,773________________ .2 32.8 30.8 36.0 99.8 1,796---------------- 11.0 9.6 26.4 29.4 28.5 38.8 33.8 22.3 99.7 100.1 2,310---------------- 2,540________________ ------------ 49.0 28.0 23.0 100.0 2,558---------------- 1.7 33.6 32.6 32.0 99.9 2,� 4.3 26.6 33.7 35.0 99.6 ------- --------- 2,694---------------- 12.30 40.19 26.59 20.18 99.26 2,987---------------- ------------ 56.3 23.7 20.2 100.2 ------------ 10.8 50.8 38.5 100.1 All material passed through the 35 -mesh screen. PB'MOGRAPMC ANALYSES A detailed petrographic study of 18 thin sections from sandstone and siltstone penetrated in drilling Umiat test well 1 was made by Paul D. Krynine (in Payne and others, 1951). His data are summarized below and in the following table. All 18 samples consist of low -rank graywacke, characterized by quartz and chert grains with a large amount of metamorphic or volcanic rock fragments and micas, with very little feldspar. The grains are typically angular and poorly sorted. The Umiat samples have an unusually large amount of mont- morillonite. Mineral grains present consist of about 35 percent of detrital quartz, 15 percent of chalcedony, and 20-30 percent slate, phyllite, and quartzitic or quartz -mica, schist. Minute particles of mica (musco- vite, sericite, and chlorite) and illite make up a large part of the rock fragments. Mica (muscovite, biotite, and chlorite) is also present as larger detrital flakes; much of the chlorite is altered biotite. The rare feldspar grains are mostly plagioclase; traces of andesitic volcanic rocks are present in most samples. Authi- genic minerals, mostly produced by alteration of clay minerals and volcanic glass, include illite, chlorite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. Illite is most abundant and lines most of the pore spaces and coats sand grains. Chlorite is less common but occurs in the same manner. Kaolinite is very rare and is possibly detrital in origin. Montmorillonite, probably the result of alteration of andesitic volcanic glass, occurs as nests of fibrous radiating crystals, or as isolated shreds intergrown with authigenic illite. It is abundant enough to cause a large amount of swelling as a result of hydration. Calcite and dolomite are present in small amounts, and collophane is rare in scattered samples. Reservoir properties of the rock are affected by the quantity and type of pore space and by the interstitial material. Visible porosity, or pore spaces easily seen under the microscope, ranges from less than 1 percent to 10 percent; and residual porosity, consisting of planes of discontinuity between grains, is 5 percent or more. The effectiveness of the rock as a reservoir, however, is greatly affected by the amount of interstitial clays and micas, which did not exceed 7 percent of the rock and coated 60 percent or less of the sand grains in the reser- voirs classed as fair or good. (See table on p. 94-95.) Hydration of clay minerals, especially montmorillonite, by fresh water is a major factor affecting permeability. Where these minerals are incorporated in rock frag- ments, swelling is negligible; where they are dissemi- nated particles, swelling may partly or completely destroy the original permeability of the rock. Samples from 1,379 and 1,746 feet were acidized by Dowell Incorporated. In these samples the carbonate content is very low; so the acidizing had very little effect on porosity. In the dried sample acidizing caused the montmorillonite to swell, plugging some pore space but opening a new capillary network by 4 WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA is shattering the rock along lines of weakness, with a slight net gain in porosity. However, the effect of acid on montmorillonite-bearing rock in place, confined by pressure and containing connate water, cannot be determined from the reaction of a dried sample at atmospheric pressure. HEAVY -MINERAL ANALYSIS Sandstone samples were disaggregated and treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove the carbonates. The disaggregate was sieved, and the material passing the 80 -mesh and retained on the 235 -mesh screens was separated in bromoform (sp gr 2.7) and methylene iodide (sp gr 3.0) into light, medium, and heavy frac- tions. Slides of the heavy fractions (sp gr >3.0) were prepared with canada balsam or aroclor. The following information was supplied by Robert H. Morris, who studied the samples. The heavy - mineral zones in the Umiat area include the biotite zone, in beds of the Colville group in Umiat test well 11; the hornblende zone, in strata of the Nanushuk group; the zoned zircon zone, in the Grandstand and Topogoruk formations; and possibly the augite zone, in one sample from the Oumalik formation in Umiat test well 1. Abundance of heavy minerals noted in the samples is shown on plate 10. OIL AND CRAB OIL AND GAS SHOWS Several poor shows of oil were noted, but none indi- cated producing strata. The oil shows listed in the table below are those recorded by Don W. Jopling, geologist, and J. R. Coleman, petroleum engineer, of Arctic Contractors, while the well was being drilled. Oil and gas shows from Umiat test well 1 Depth (feet) Remarks 250-252_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Odor of gas or distillate on freshly broken surface; faint cut in ether. 535-555- _ _ _ _-- Strong oil odor; positive cut in CC14. 555-584_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Slight oil odor. 749-766 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Slight oil odor; gas detected by indicator. 919-934 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Gas odor and trace of oil. 1,305-1,308_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Core well saturated with light -gravity oil. 1,335-1,386 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Good oil saturation and gas odor. 1,736-1,772 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Good oil odor and fair saturation. 1,772-1,786 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Spotty oil odor. 2,296-2,350 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Strong odor of oil and gas and good satu- ration. Cores bled when removed from barrel. 2,650-2,746 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Strong to weak oil odor and some satu- ration, in streaks. 2,980-3,011 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Spotty oil odor and saturation. 3,497-3,499 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Faint show of oil. 3,832-3,834 _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ Trace of gas detected by indicator. 93 Twenty feet (about 120 gal) of oil was found in the hole on June 4, 1946, when operations were resumed after shutting down for the winter on September 19, 1954. During the winter, the drilling fluid had frozen and formed ice in the hole between 775 feet and 920 feet; the oil seeped into the hole on top of the ice. FORMATION TESTS Eight formation tests were made in Umiat test well 1; one was unsuccessful, but the others, except for the seventh, recovered drilling mud with a trace of oil. The packer and valve leaked in the seventh test (1,693- 1,816 ft), and fresh water and fresh -water -cut mud were recovered by bailing. The detailed descriptions given below are based on data from the petroleum engineer's records. Test 1, 530-584 feet.—The packer was set at 530 feet; 37 feet of drilling mud with a trace of oil was recovered from drill pipe above packer. Test 2, 679-69.2 feet.—This test was made to test the water shut-off of casing cement. A 95'' -inch outer diameter rubber open -hole packer was set with its base at 679 feet. It had 10 feet of perforated anchor below. The tester was open 20 minutes; 15 feet of drilling mud was recovered in the pipe above the retaining valve. Test 3, 918-1,027 feet.—The packer was set at 918 feet, with 15 feet of perforated pipe below packer, and 90 feet of drill pipe below the perforated pipe. The pin in the packer failed to shear. The tool was pulled, and drilling mud was found in the drill pipe 150 feet below the top. The trip valve was reset, and the tester was rerun without the shear pin in the packer, which did not hold. When the tester was pulled out, the drill pipe was found to be full of mud. One joint of drill pipe was added below the packer, and the tool was rerun. The packer was set at 887 feet, and the valve was opened, but the test was not satisfactory as the packer was not long enough to seat in the open hole and did not hold. The tester was pulled out, and mud was found in the drill pipe; it filled 390 feet of pipe in 15 minutes through a %s -inch bottom -hole choke. Test 4, 1,213-1,850 feet.—The packer was set at 1,213 feet, with perforated pipe from 1,340 to 1,344 feet. The trip valve was open 30 minutes, and 30 feet of drilling mud with a trace of oil was recovered from above the packer. There was no free oil. Test 5, 1,325-1,383 feet.—A Johnston formation tester was run with 3 perforated joints and 30 feet of drill pipe below packer and a Johnston bottom -hole pressure gauge on the bottom. The rat -hole packer did not hold; the tester was pulled out and the packer built up from 8% inches to 9% inches at the top, taper- 94 EXPIOTION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM—RESER:-4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Average diameter (millimeters)__________________________ -------------------- rains:matrix: cement ---------------------------------- Petrographic characteristics of sandstones from i Dirty sand- I Dirty sand- I Dirty sand- I Clean San I Clean sand- I Dirty aend- stohe at stone at stone at stone at stone at stone at 1,346 ft. 1,371 ft. 1,379 ft. 1,739 ft. 1,746 ft. 1,752ft. Texture 0.07-0.141 0.08-0.151 0.06-0.20 0.12-0.251 0.08-0.151 0.0s-0.15 75:25:1 63:35:2 71:20:4 88:7:5 88:9:3 83:15:2 - - Grain composition (percent) Chertuartz---------------------------------------------------------- 37 35 29 Q 42 35 40 _ ----------------------------- -- 42 30 Feldspar ---------------- --------------------- 2 2 4 2 2 3 ---------- Mioa flakes (large)----------------------------------- 3 5 1-2 Trace 2 I ------------------------------- ate, Quartzite, to--------------------= - - - - - - - 20 15 24 2 9 8 Quartzite, schist — — --- - 10 20 10 8 4 6 AccVoIessories s--s--------------- -------- Trace Tram Andesite -------------- Andesite Andesite - -- - ------------------------ Accessorfes.-------------------------------------------------------- �Ni ace Zircon, Titanite - -- Zircon - ---- Biotite otite - - --P[esent - ------------------------ -------------- Present Chlorite --------- Muscovite_ --- ------------------------------------------ - Present -------------------- - - --- ---=---- Muscovite -------------------------------- - P Present PrWnt Present resent. r Lt Pyrite - - -- - Cellophane - - — - -- --- - -- - - -------- Present Interstitial material (percentp ' Chlorite---------------------------------------------------------------------- --- 3 1 2 1 TraceIllite 1. Sericite---------------------------------------- - ____ __ -__ -__ Trace 2 Trace Trace I Trace rlrace ontm------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3 2 2 Trace 2 Mont ite-- -------------- ------ - - -- 2.4' # 4 1 7 � ------------------------ Silica ent-------------------`--1-2 Trace Trace I Trace 2 Silica cement--------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- --- 0.05 Trace 1 I Trace Trace Carbonate -- - - ---- --- ----' - 3 . Reservoir Properties - ,y _ Type of reservoir---------------------- ------------ ---- - - Porosity (percent)___ "" Poor Very poor �., oor Very good Fair Fair ------------------------------------ -------------- 13.7 8-1 _ 20.4 16.9 22.7 14.5 'PPermeability (millidarcys)__-______ _____ _______ __ 2.55 0.11 62 9.7 25 8 ore size (millimeters)-___----------------------------------- --------------------- 0.03 0.02 �' 4 0.09 0.05 0.05 ---------------------------------------------.---.-- 3 G1 k'3.5 10 4.5 5 Visible porosity (percent)------------------ ----_----- ------------- -- -- - ual endingmaterial rosity_______________ Very low Very low Very low Good Fair Fair Wall-Hydrsin coating (percent)_________________________-.__:___-____________--------- Clilorite, 65 Illite Clic: , i5 Silica, Wile35 Chlorite Illiso lite lite ( ing)------------------------------------- - 65 Strong to W 50 - ----------------------I Strong Strong Strong I Moderate Low Strong ing to 6 inches at the base. The tester was rerun with the bottom -hole pressure gauge on the bottom, and 5 feet of perforated pipe, 30 feet of drill pipe, and 5 more feet of perforated pipe between the gauge and the packer, which was set at 1,325 feet. The valve was open 1 hour and 50 minutes; 75 feet of drilling mud with a trace of oil was recovered from above the packer. Test 6, 1,825-1,14 feet.—The rat -hole packer was set at 1,325 feet, with 62 feet of drill pipe, 10 feet of perforated pipe, and a Johnston bottom -hole pressure gauge on the bottom. Opened trip valve, and swabbed once every 15 minutes for several hours with a Guiber- son 2'2 -inch. tubing swab run on sand line. Tubing above swab was loaded with water to get enough fluid to swab. Load water with some drilling mud and a trace of oil was recovered on each swab. Test 7, 1,698-1,816 feet.—The rat -hole packer was set at 1,693 feet, with 5 feet of perforated pipe, 92 feet of drill pipe, and 10 feet more of perforated pipe between it and the Johnston bottom -hole pressure gauge at the bottom of the tool. The packer and valve leaked, and the mud level dropped when the valve was opened; the test was unsatisfactory. The drill pipe contained 2,160 feet of drilling mud. The hole was bailed from 500 to 1,100 feet in 6 hours and to 1,200 feet in an addi- tional 4 hours. Drilling mud cut with fresh water was recovered; the fluid level could not be lowered below _ . T WELLS, YiMIAT AR]ytk,_ALAgXA _ Umiat test well 1, as determined by P. D. Krynine Ditty sand- Siltstone Dirty sand- Dirty sand- Dirty sand- Clean sand- Dirty sand- Coarse silt- Sil,990ftstone at I Si3,002fttstone at stone at at 2298 ft. stone at stone at stone at stone at stone et stone at I 2,990 ft. 3,002 ft. 2,702 ft. 2,881 ft. 2,983 ft. I 1,767 ft. 2,311 ft. 2,321 ft. I 1- I I I - Texture 95 Sandy silt- I Siltstone at stone at 3,507 ft. 3,497 ft. 0.06 0.15 I 0. 6-0.08 I 0.08 12 I 0. 709-0515 I 0. 109 12 0.80-0614 0.66-3013 I 0.63-304 I 0.60 �OS I 0.60 08 0.704 05 0.02-0 3b�5 1,200 feet. The hole yielded approximately 10 bar- rels of fresh water per hour. It was shut down 13 hours, at which time the fluid level was at 1,100 feet, and muddy water with a trace of oil was bailed. Test 8, 2,252-2,370 feet. -The rat -hole packer was set at 2,252 feet, with 15 feet of perforated anchor spaced by 30.9 feet of drill pipe. A bottom -hole pressure gauge was on the bottom of the anchor. The hole was. open 20 minutes, shut in 10 minutes; 150 feet of drilling mud with a trace of oil was recovered. Static pressure of the mud column at 2,300 feet was 1,200 pounds per square inch, and closed in pressure, 590 pounds per square inch. OIL ANALYSES The data presented here were prepared for the U. S. Navy by the U. S. Bureau of Mines Petroleum Experi- ment Station at Bartlesville, Okla. Tests were made on a sample consisting of 1 pint of oil taken from that found on top of the ice in the hole in June 1946. (See p. 93.) The crude oil is similar to better grade oil from the mideontinent region, ex= cept that it is deficient in the more volatile constituents. It differs considerably from oils produced from the other Umiat wells, which contain more gasoline and are less paraffinic. Crude oil from Umiat test well 1 could be used to manufacture kerosene, jet propulsion fuel, diesel fuel, and some lubricating oils. Details are presented in the following tables. 36 36 50 5b�- 36 25 25 52 32 21 9 45 13 3F 23 17 12 10 i1 9 16 - 7.. 5 7 6 4 4 Trace f Trace 5 3 6 2 9 - 2 5 2 6 4 16 3 4 14 2 35 10 16 6 18 16 17 21 29 7 12 3 11 6 4 6 Trace 12 8 18 3 4 Trace 11 Trace Andesite, Trace ______________ 3 Trace Trao Andesi12 ----------- -------------- 2 Reservoir properties basalt ' Garnet, zir- Ziroor Very poor Very po7o4 Very poor Very LOW Apatite, gar- Garnet Apatite, cal - ------------- con - 15.8 ---------__-- Titanate _ - - ------------- net 0.4 cite 18.6 11.0 - --------- -- 0.03 0.02 Present Present ---------- - Present ------------ - --Present Present ------------ Present -------------- Present -------------- Present ---- rese Present Presen Presen --------`--- Present Present Present Present Present Present Present _____Pres Present Present Present Present Present Present -------------- ---------- present Present Present lite -- - -- -- - ------__-_-- 95 -------------- g6 65 ------ -------------- - -- I 80 85 Strong Strong ---- - - - - - Moderate Present ------------- -------------- - --------- - Moderate Present -------------- Present Presen -------- -- 1,200 feet. The hole yielded approximately 10 bar- rels of fresh water per hour. It was shut down 13 hours, at which time the fluid level was at 1,100 feet, and muddy water with a trace of oil was bailed. Test 8, 2,252-2,370 feet. -The rat -hole packer was set at 2,252 feet, with 15 feet of perforated anchor spaced by 30.9 feet of drill pipe. A bottom -hole pressure gauge was on the bottom of the anchor. The hole was. open 20 minutes, shut in 10 minutes; 150 feet of drilling mud with a trace of oil was recovered. Static pressure of the mud column at 2,300 feet was 1,200 pounds per square inch, and closed in pressure, 590 pounds per square inch. OIL ANALYSES The data presented here were prepared for the U. S. Navy by the U. S. Bureau of Mines Petroleum Experi- ment Station at Bartlesville, Okla. Tests were made on a sample consisting of 1 pint of oil taken from that found on top of the ice in the hole in June 1946. (See p. 93.) The crude oil is similar to better grade oil from the mideontinent region, ex= cept that it is deficient in the more volatile constituents. It differs considerably from oils produced from the other Umiat wells, which contain more gasoline and are less paraffinic. Crude oil from Umiat test well 1 could be used to manufacture kerosene, jet propulsion fuel, diesel fuel, and some lubricating oils. Details are presented in the following tables. inlersunai nuaac k,.o... -. 1 1 .1_ : . 1 . 2 2 i_ Trace Trace Trace ce 1 1 Trace Trace ---------- --_Tra10 4 _. __ 8 10 6 10 Trace 2-3 5 6 2 4 1 1 2 i 4 2 -------------- 1-2 1 Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace 1 Trace g -------------- ------- 2 Trace Trace 2 1 1 Trace Trace 2 A 3 4 7 9 11 2 3 -------------- 3 Reservoir properties Fair Very poor Very poor Very poor Very po7o4 Very poor Very LOW Good Fair Very poor 12.8 Very poor Very low Poor 14.3 15.8 14.2 13.3 Low 8.7 Low- <0.06- 8.2 <1- <1 <1 Low 0.4 None 18.6 11.0 12.3 0.04 2.4 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.03.. 0.03 0.04 0.<1 0.04 2 0.05 <1 0.04 4 0.045 6 5 7. Fair Very low Very low Very low Very low Very lob Very low Very low Very low Low Fair Mite Fair Silica, il- Illite Calcite,it Illite Illite Dlite silica Mite Illite lite 85 90 85 95 55 g6 65 50 60 65 Moderate I 80 85 Strong Strong Strong Strong Moderate Moderate strong Strong Moderate Moderate Moderate 1,200 feet. The hole yielded approximately 10 bar- rels of fresh water per hour. It was shut down 13 hours, at which time the fluid level was at 1,100 feet, and muddy water with a trace of oil was bailed. Test 8, 2,252-2,370 feet. -The rat -hole packer was set at 2,252 feet, with 15 feet of perforated anchor spaced by 30.9 feet of drill pipe. A bottom -hole pressure gauge was on the bottom of the anchor. The hole was. open 20 minutes, shut in 10 minutes; 150 feet of drilling mud with a trace of oil was recovered. Static pressure of the mud column at 2,300 feet was 1,200 pounds per square inch, and closed in pressure, 590 pounds per square inch. OIL ANALYSES The data presented here were prepared for the U. S. Navy by the U. S. Bureau of Mines Petroleum Experi- ment Station at Bartlesville, Okla. Tests were made on a sample consisting of 1 pint of oil taken from that found on top of the ice in the hole in June 1946. (See p. 93.) The crude oil is similar to better grade oil from the mideontinent region, ex= cept that it is deficient in the more volatile constituents. It differs considerably from oils produced from the other Umiat wells, which contain more gasoline and are less paraffinic. Crude oil from Umiat test well 1 could be used to manufacture kerosene, jet propulsion fuel, diesel fuel, and some lubricating oils. Details are presented in the following tables. 96 EXP*TION OF NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVE. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Analysis of U. S. Bureau of Mines crude -petroleum sample 46064, from Umiat test well i [General characteristics of sample: Sp gr, 0.839; sulfur, 0.077 percent; Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100°F, 44 sec; gravity, 37.2° API; color, Nati. Petroleum Assoc. color no. 51 Distiliatioa by Bureau of Mines routine method Cut at - Fraction IS um, Specific Percent percent gravity, , °C I °F Gravity, Corre- Aniline API lation point at 60°F index (°C) Saybolt Universal viscosity at_ WOOF I 130°F I 210°F Stage I. -Distillation at atmospheric pressure. 742 mm Hv- Brat dme_ 77°c (171°Fl Cloud I Viscosity Index test index refrac- (°F) tion r ----------------------- 50 122 8.1 50.7 .842 36.6 30 1.44759 42 Total gasoline and naphtha________ Kerosene distillate________________ 15.7 ------------ 0.754 ------------ 56.2------------ 56.2 ------------ Gas oil------------------------ 26.9 .807 43.8 2----------------------- 75 167 -- --- --- ---------- ------6-9- --------- 34.8 - l 1 76.6 { 47 ---------- ---------- 20 - ---------- 43----------------------- 100 212 0.9 69.3 - ---- 32.1 34 74 ------ 47 -------� 35 ---------- ---------- ----------------------- 5 125 150 257 302 2.1 3.1 3.0 --- 0.725 - -- -- -- 63.7 - - ----- ------ 65.4 - ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- 1- --------------------- 175 347 4.3 6.1 .745 58.4 17 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1.40331 1----------------------- 200 392 5.3 10.4 15.7 .760 54.7 17 ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- 1.41412 1.42175 3----------------------- 1 225 437 6.9 22.6 .772 .792 51.8 47.2 16 20 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1.42976 0 250 275 482 527 9.1 31.7 .806 44.1 22 76.6 _ 1.43794 10.9 42.6 .818 41.5 23 - 1.44644 - ----------I---------- ---------- ------- - 1.45480 Stage 2. -Distillation continued at do mm Wo .1 --------------------- 200 392 8.1 50.7 .842 36.6 30 1.44759 42 Total gasoline and naphtha________ Kerosene distillate________________ 15.7 ------------ 0.754 ------------ 56.2------------ 56.2 ------------ Gas oil------------------------ 26.9 .807 43.8 .2--------------------- 3---------------------- 225 437 10.3 61.0 .851 34.8 30 l 1 76.6 { 47 ---------- ---------- 20 ---------- ---------- 4---------------------- 250 482 8.3 69.3 .865 32.1 34 74 ------ 47 -------� 35 ---------- ---------- 275 527 6.2 75.5 .877 29.9 36 91 ------ 3esiduum a 300 572 6.4 81.9 .890 27.5 39 ---------- 61 40 55 ----____-- ------------ ------ ------ ---------- ---------- ---------- 17.1 99.0 .919 22.5 ---------- 46 131 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------- -- 125 ---------- -- ---------- - -----_--- t RT1PPifin _ =index of refraction based on §odium D line at 20°C. r Carbon residue of residuum, 1.6 percent; carbon residue of crude, 0.3 percent. Approximate summary Constituent Percent Specific gravity Gravity, °API Saybolt Universal viscosity Light gasoline---------------------- 0.9 1.41797 1.44759 ------------ _------------- Specific dispersion: Total gasoline and naphtha________ Kerosene distillate________________ 15.7 ------------ 0.754 ------------ 56.2------------ 56.2 ------------ Gas oil------------------------ 26.9 .807 43.8 ------------ - onviseouslubricating distillate___ Medium lubricating distillate______ 14.3 16.3 .846 0.853-0.879 35.8 34.4-29.5 _ ----------- 50 100 Viscous lubricating distillate_______ 8.7 0.879-0.897 29.5 26,3 100-200 Residuum--------- - ------------- Distillation loss-------------------- ______ 17.1 -- 0.919 22. 22.5 Above 200 -------- 1.0 Hydrocarbon analysis of gasoline and diesel -oil cuts from Umiat test well 1, using American Society for Testing Materials method ES -45a (Analysis by U. S. Bur. Mines) Composition and characteristic. Gasoline I Diesel oil(Hempel (Hempel fractions fractions 1-7) 8-12) Blends Aromatics plus olefins_______ 6.0 . 13.8 P a 38.2 66.3 Paraaffinsffins es - -------- 55.8 19.9 Total --------------------- 100.0 100.0 Data on raflinates (Paraffins plus napthenes) from above blends Density (at 20°C compared with water at 4°C)____________ Index of refraction with mercury g line, at 20°C----------- Index of refraction with sodium D line, at 20°C_ 0.7500 1. 42717 0.8102 1.45755 __________ (Refraction g-refractionD)X104 1.41797 1.44759 ------------ _------------- Specific dispersion: 92.0 99.6 (Refraetiong- Refraction D)X10..................... 122.7 1229 Density Average boiling point------------------------------- °C__ Molecularweight(estimated)_______________ 159 265 Molecular volume--------------------------- 137 211 - Naphtbenerings__________ percent bywelg araflin and paraill side chains____________________do____ 183 18.2 260 19.5 81.8 80.5 Characteristics of possible products from Umiat test well 1 (Analysis by U. S. Bur. Mines) Product Aviation gasoline base stock --_-_--percent by volume_- 0 Motor gasoline -------------------------------do---- 15 F-2 octane number, clear_________________ _ Very low Jet propulsion fuel 100° -600°F_ -__-percent by volume-- 53.9 Aromatics ----------------------------- do---- 15.7 Sulfur -----------------------------------do---- 0.03 Viscosity ----------------- centistokes at -40°F-- 22.5 Viscosity ------------------- centistokes at 100°F_- 2.0 Diesel fuel (400°-600°F boiling range) percent by volume_- 45 Cetane number,calculated ----------------------- 55 Lubricating oil, percent by volume: 50-200 Saybolt Universal viscosity at 1000F ------- 25 50-200-1- Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100°F----- 25 LOGISTICS A National 50 rig, with a 96 -foot Ideco cantilever mast, casing, and other drilling equipment and supplies were freighted from Barrow in March and April 1945. u TEST WELLS, UMIAT AREA,ALASKA 97 )g Caterpillar tractors hauled Micheler No. 9 bobsleds Notes from drilling records—Continued Remarks Depth (feet) tnd welded pipe sleds over the ocean ice and across 692 _ _ _ _ _ _ Set 24 joints of 11% -in. Youngstown 47-1b I)ease Inlet, up the Chipp and Ikpikpuk Rivers, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J-55 casing (with float shoe on bottom, and 2 bottom joints spot welded) at 685 ft.Cemented ,verland to Umiat, a distance Of, about 300 miles. with 350 sacks of cement mixed i )ther supplies were flown from Fairbanks. A mud with water at 120° to 130° F. First, 200 of Victory high-temperature (Sloset) ank was made by welding four pontoons together. The sacks cement was mixed with 2 percent Aquagel; supply came from Seabee Creek through 1,775 next, 125 sacks with 2 percent CaC12, and water of 2% -inch pipe; a Gardner -Denver 4- by 5 -inch then 25 sacks of Victory portland cement was mixed with 2 percent CaC12. Steam i'eet at the creek furnished about 3 barrels per minute. was run intermittently through the drill pump X 4 -foot dam m the creek helped insure the water supply pipe for 3 days to keep the mud warm. Left two drill collars, reamer, and bit on until the creek ran dry in September 1945, when the 780 _ bottom; recovered fish with Bowen 4% -in. Rotary Taper Tap. rig was shut down. In 1946 a new dam in the creek 865 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Left bit and reamer in hole, recovered fish formed a pond 10 feet deep, with a capacity of 15,000 _ _ _ with Bowen 4%4n. Rotary Taper Tap. Halliburton line broke, leaving Totco and 680 barrels; at the end of August, rains washed it out, and 1,080------------ feet of wire line inside drill pipe; recovered a smaller dam was put in 200 yards downstream. fish with homemade tools. Filled hole to with drilling mud. Winterizing the rig was completed the first week in 1,816------------ Closed rams onn Shafferft Scontrol gate. Left October 1945—a canvas -covered wood -frame house was the well site Sept. 19, 1945; returned on June 2, 1946, and rigged up. Bailed 44 erected over the water tanks, and Ric -Wil insulated gal of oil and no water. Ran drill pipe to 685 ft no mud, then stopped and pipe was installed. A welded frame was raised to with filled hole with mud as a small amount of support the canvas cover enclosing the jackknife gas was coming through the drill pipe. Found top of ice at 775 ft and drilled ice derrick. Water pipes were kept open or thawed by to 920 ft. steam lines from the boiler. Seabee Creek and the 1,920 Lost circulation when wire line core barrel pond froze solid on September 28, 1946, and a Cater- -__________- was lowered for coring; pulled out core barrel, mixed mud, and put 10 bales of pillar tractor hauled water in a 30 -barrel tank on a Fibrotex on bottom and regained circula- godevil sled, for the last week of operations. 1,978------------ tion. Lost circulation, regained it after using 20 Drilling in 1945 was done by Navy employees; in sacks of Aquagel and 4 bales of Fibrotex in 1946 some of the same men were employed by Arctic 2,287------------ conditioning mud. Tested blowout preventers by closing rams Contractors, whose staff at the well site included a tool around drill pipe and building up pressure with mud pumps. Formation began to pusher, a petroleum engineer, a geologist, and a tech- take fluid when pressure built up to 300 lb nieal assistant. 2,967 ------------ per sq in. Lowered derrick substructure 1 in. on west DRILLING OPERATIONS 3,021 ------------ side to level derrick. Motor lowering Schlumberger instrument for 45 min and left instrument sta- DRILLING NOTES stopped tionary in hole for that time. When motor was started, instrument was stuck, with its The following drilling operations were reported by top at 2,114 ft. Drill pipe with homemade fishing tool was run in hole, using Schlum- J. R. Coleman, petroleum engineer. berger line as a guide, and freed instru- was then pulled out of the ment, which hole. Globe basket was used to recover Notes from drilling records thermometer case knocked off of top of Depth (feet) Remarks 19-------------- The 17% -inch Ideal rotary table was 9 ft 3,963 ------------ instrument. Drilling line broke and was replaced by old line, had been removed a short time above the ground, and 14 ft above the which earlier. cellar floor. Base of 16 ft of 24 -in. con- ductor pipe was set 19 ft below kelly bushing 4,041 ------------ Additional timbers put beneath derrick sub - immediately below derrick legs in a 30 -in. hole. Cement made of 14 sacks of Victory portland cement mixed with 63 gal structure to prevent further settling. Replaced old drilling line with new line. of water at 160° F (4Y2 gal per sack) was 4,085------------ 4,339------------ Drilling line broke near dead line sheave; 21- put outside pipe. 97 -------------- Set 16 -in. inner -diameter Western slip -joint in. sheave replaced with 36 -in. diameter sheave, and additional 30 -in. sheave in - point -welded casing at 97 ft, and cemented it with 60 sacks of Victory Oil Well high- stalled in crown block. New drilling line Worn and other difficul- temperature cement mixed with an Aqua- then 40 sacks strung. pistons ties with the two small (7Y4 x 10 in.) mud gel and water mixture, and pumps made it impossible to get enough of Victory Oil Well high-temperature ce- ment with 10 sacks of Victory portland ce- mud pressure to drill; four new pistons were ordered from Barrow. Lack of rack - ment and water at 170°F. The mud was heated for 14 hr with steam injected ing capacity in derrick caused a change from 4yin. drill pipe to 3/ -in. pipe; this through casing. Shaffer 18ys-in. blowout preventer installed. Drilling suspended necessitated higher pressure from mud to afford proper mud circulation. for 2 weeks waiting for orders. pumps, u 9' EXPLOnON OF NAVAL: PETROLEUM RESERV4. 4, ALASKA, 1944-53 Notes from-d"71ing records -Continued 1 D 'il Depth (feet) Remarks 5,061 ------------ Schlumberger instrument stuck at 3,290 ft loosened and pulled out with homemade fishing tool. 6,005------------ Drilling mud bailed to depth of 950 ft. All casing left in hole; 11Y4 -in. casing projects 1 ft above ground; it is topped by an 11Y4= in. collar 8 in. long and an 11% -in. nipple 7 in. long. Nipple covered by a Y8 -in. steel Plate welded on, with 2 -in. nipple, 6 in. long, in center of plate. A 2 -in. 125-1b brass gate valve caps nipple. DR>z,L AND CORE BITS Only two types of core bits were used in Umiat test well 1. Cores 1-18 and core 197 were taken with a conventional Hughes type "J" core barrel, and'a 69 -inch hard -formation core head. Cores 19-196 were taken with an A-1 No. 2 retractable wire line core barrel, with'a 7% -inch hard -soft formation roller core bit. Of a total of 259. feet cored with the Hughes tools, 73.7 Percent was recovered; 83.8 percent of the 1,375.5 feet cored with the A-1 barrel was recovered. Several types of drill bits were used, ranging in size from the 22 -inch Reed rock bit to the 9% -inch Hughes OSQ-3A. A total of 56 bits was used, the Hughes OOPS and Hughes OSQ-2 being the ones most commonly . employed. Crum Brainard rock bits and pilot bits and Zublin Simplex bits were also used. Depths.through which.,each bit drilled, cored, or reamed are shown on the graphic log' (pl. 9). Hughes OSQ-2 bit no. 47, which reamed at 4,898 feet without deepen- ing the hole, is not shown. Durr.r. w MUD The- test well was started with an Aquagel-water mud, and except for a small amount of Fibrotex and similar material to regain lost circulation, no other types of additives were necessary. The bole produced a large amount of mud from the bentonite and shale penetrated in the upper part of the section. Clay iron- stone and other iron -bearing minerals caused the mud weight to increase gradually, making the use of Baroid unnecessary. The mud temperature ranged from 40° to 79°F., averaging about 55° to 60°. The mud characteristics and additives used are shown in the following table. Drilling -mud characteristics and additives at Umiat test well 1 Depth (feet) vi, 0sity I Weight' I Water loss I Additives (Lb. -ft) (ce/30 min) "' -- - - -- - - - - --- -------- 97--------------- 89.0 35.0 668.0 - }9'200 lb Aquagel. -- - -- - -- 102 44 0 •45.0 70.0 70.0 __ -- --- 2,000lb Aquagel. -- -- -- - 143-=----- ---------- 143 -------- 3&0 44.0 3& 05.01,500 65.0 68.0 6'0 -------- -------- ------------ --5.8 lb 50 ]b ____________ ['8'3-:::::: 3r 0 43. 45 afos.Aquagel, Quadrafos. ------ �------------------- 41.0 40.0 668.6 67.0 &0 18.0 �------------------- rt rng-mud characteristics and additives at Umiat test well 1 - Continued Depth (feet) viscosity Weight Water loss Additfees API (Lb cu ft) (cc/30 min) �------------------- 3s �------------------- 42 302------------------- 42 �------------------- 45 467------------------ 52. 490------------------- 44. 5N------------------- 44. �------------------- 42. �-------- ---------- 43. 58 ------------------ 43. 601------------------ 43. �------------------- 45. �------------------- 43. �------------------- 40. �------------------- 40. 692------------------- 43. M------------------- 43. 718------------------- 43. 751------------------- 38. 775 ----------- 42•' 817--------=- -------- 45.i 870 - - 38.1 920--------- --------- 38:1 961------------------- 39.1 1,020-----------------'' 3&1 1,035----------------- 38.( 1.080----------'- ---- 39.i 1,113-- ---- 40.( 11155----------------- 41.( 1'201---------------- 40.0 I'm ---------------- 39.0 1,273 ----------------- 40.0 1,310---------' I----- 41.0 1367 ----------- 1'�---------------- 39.0 41.0 1,383 ----------------- 38.0 1,414:--------------- 39.0 1,414---------------- 40.0 1,414- --- --- 39.0 1'�----------------- 39.0 11555 3- 41.0 1,615----------------- 37.0 11615-------------- --- l 39.0 1,641-- 40.0 1653 1682 --. , 40.0 1,703 - 41.0 [,730-_ - - -- -- ---- . 38:0, 37:0 4743.__ _ 1,746- -- -- --- 40. o .,772----------------- 39.0 810----------------- 36.0 ,816------ 36.0 ,�------ - ,876----------------- 36.0 37.5 ,888--------------- 35.5 ,910----------------- 36.0 ,920----------------- 36.0 ,946-------------- ,984--------------- 36.0 35.0 ,023------------ 36.0 ,074---------------- 35.5 138----------------- 36.5. 162------------- -- 35.5 223 ----------------- 35.5 259----------------- 289 35.5 ----------------- 318---------------- 35.8 35.7 359----------------- 370----------------- 35.3 401----------------- 35.4 35.2 461----------------- 473 - -- 35.4 500 ------------ --------- 36.4 36.4 M------------------ 37.2 578---------------- 36.0 129 ----------------- i61----------------- 36.9 - W8----------------- 38.2 38.8 '32----------------- 35.5 ,so-------------- - 35.8 00----------------- '34----------------- 36.8 as---------- --- 37.5 36.0 85----------- - 14----------- -- 36.0 35.3 67----------- -- D1 36.7 -- - - n----------------- 36.5 36.0 23----------------- 53----------------- 40.0 )9----------------- 39.0 18- 38.5 --------------- n----------------- 38.8 i7 ------- - - 37.8 38.2, Ig----------------- 5---------------- 38.3 40.0 �----------------- 37.0 0----------------- 37.0 69. 72.1 74-1 74 i 75. t 76. C 78.6 78.5 78.5 79.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 79.5 79.0 79.0 78.5 78.5 78.0 78.0 77.0 79.0 so.0 82.0 810 83.0 83.5 85.0 86.0 85.0 85.0 84.0 85.0 85.0 s5. o 84.0 85.0 85.0 84.0 85.0 87.0 810 83.0 82.0 820 83.0 s4 o 83.0 83.0 83.5 83.5 80.5 71.3 71.3 76.9 76.0 77.0 770 7i0 77.0 77.0 77.3 78.7 77.8 7& 8 79.0 78.8 78.6 77.5 77.8 77.8 78.5 78: 5 78.0 78.1 78.0 79.3 78.7 78.3 77.8 7& 6 79.5 79.0 79.0 79.5 81.1 81.1 80.0 80.5 80.0 80.5 81.0 80.0 80.8 81.3 83.3 82.3 81.0 11.2 4.8 3.8 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2 12 2.1 2.2 12 2.5 27 2.7 2.7 2.7 40 4.5' 4.2 5.5 5.0 4.2 4.5 41 3.6 3.0 3.0. 3.2 3.3 3.8. 3.5 3'3 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 5.b 5.3 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.4 . 4.5 4.4 4.4 t5 4.5 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 100 lb Quadrafos. 2,000 lb Aquagel. lb Quadrafos. 5.0 10 bales Fibrotex. 5.0 &5 5.0 5.0 4.5' 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 --- - 1,200 lb Aquagel 4.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.5 1,700 lb Aquagel. 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 08T WELLS, UMIAT AREA, ALASKA • ;,fling -mud characteristics and additives at Umiat test well i- ' Continued ai17 w A00h (1-0 e ty - Weight Weight (Lb cu ft) Water loss (cg30 min) Additives -- -- - - ------------ 36.4 36.8 81_2 81.5 5.0 5.5 1.400----------- 1,500----------- 3,r2----------------- -------- 3&0 X6 81.0 81.9 &0 3 sacks Miestex. ta -------- 37.8 V 2 820 81.2 &0 5.5 - ---- 37.7 81_7 6.0 600------------ �------------ -------- 3,757' -------- 3;%80 39.0 40.0 82.5 83.8 5 5 5.0 N. 23° W. N. 35° E. 700------------ Soo------------ 41.5 39.0 83.8 83.2 A 5 5 5 1 34 -------- -------- 38.5 39.0 83.0 83.5 6.0 7.0 2,800----------- 3,000----------- ----------- 37.7 83:3 & 8 N. 450 W. ---- --------- 37.4 . 37.5. 83:3 83.2 & 8 & 5 lj4 2 ----------------- 37.8 37.0 83.2 83.0 7.0 & 5 4 ----------- 38.3 37.8 8&0 83.2 5.5 6.0 ----------- l - - 3X6. o X8 82.7 0 829 0&, 6.5 3& 3 83.0 8.0 - 120 X5 37.5 83.3 83.3 7.0430 7.0. - - ---------------- ----------------- 36.8 37.5 83.1 82.8 6.5 7.5 ----------------- ----------------- 87.0 38.0 83:2 83.0 7.5 7.0 ----------------- low ----------- 3&a 36.8 8&0 83.0 &0 6.5 ------------36.8 +7117----------------- M 37.0 82.8 829 7.0. 7.0 07 ' 37 0 36.8 M9 82.8 7.0 7.0 ---------- �y+r-- --- 37.0 36.8 83.0 83.0 & b & 5 --- --- 1898.---------------- 37.5 37.5 82.5 82.5 7.0 7.0 ;914----------------- ,962----------------- 3& 5 37.4 82.5 82.0 7.0 7.0 '2----------------- W ----------------- A61----------------- 37.0 36.2 8L 0 80.5. 6.5 7.0 '089----------------- 3& 5 38.5 3&6 80.7 81-0 80.5 6.5 & 5 &8 E---------------- 36.8 81.5 6.5 ----------------- ---------------- `04----------------- 359----------------- 37.5 38.0 81.5 820 &5 7.0 429-----------------37.5 477----------------- 38.0 82.5 82.0 6.5 & 5 662----------------- 38.0 37.5 81.8 82.0Soo- 7.0 7.Q ---------------- 760----------------- 777-----------------42.0 40.0 39.5 83.0 S&O 7.0 7.0 842----------------- 986----------------- 42.0 S&O 83.0 7.0 6.5 D81----------------- 101----------------- 41.5. 39.5 _ 83.0 82,8 7.0 & 5 105----------------- 40.0 39.0 83.0 815 6.5 & 5 HOLE -DEVIATION RECORD The deviation of the hole was measured with a Totco (.,Technical Oil Tool Co.) Recorder and with the East- man Oil Well Survey Co. single -shot survey in- strument. The deviation (as measured by Totco) in- c1'eased gradually to 2° 45' at 600 feet, owing to con- tinuous coring; after a decrease to 1° 15' at 825 feet, it again increased to a maximum of 50 at 1,685 feet, below which it again decreased to 20 at 2,080 feet. Below 3,000 feet deviation was under 2° except for a short interval between 5,550 and 5,700 feet where it rose to 21 151. The Eastman survey showed the di- rection of deviation to be northwest for the first 2,000 feet, below which it was southeast. The following table gives the results of the Eastman survey; the Totco readings are shown on the graphic log (pl. 9). 423224-58-a Degree and direction of hole deviation of Umiat test well i [Determined with Eastman single -shot directional survey instrument] 99 Depth (feet) Deviation (degrees) Direction Depth (feet) Deviation (degrees) Direction 110------------ 200------------ 1 1 N. V E. N. 161 E. 1.400----------- 1,500----------- 2 2M N. 40° W. N. 32° W. 300------------ 400------------1 Y. N. 12° W. 1,600----------- 3 N. 35° W. 500 ------------ 3 N. 540 W. N. 38° W. 1,700----------- 1,800-----_---- 4% 4 N. 40° W. N. 35° W. 600------------ �------------ 2yl 13t N. 42° W. W. N. 38° W. FM 2,200 --------- 211 % N. 23° W. N. 35° E. 700------------ Soo------------ 13y 134 N. V E. N. 67° W. 2,400----------- 2,600----------- 1 34 N 45° E. N. 40° E. DOO ---- 1,000--- --- 134 1S4 N. 27° W. N. 270 W. 2,800----------- 3,000----------- 12/4.8. 134 350 E. S. 35° E. 1,100.-- --- 234 N. 450 W. 3.200----------- 1 N. 70° E. 1 -- 1'300----------- lj4 2 N. 50° W. N. 25° W. 3,400----------- V4 S. 28-E. The survey was stopped because batteries were too old to give satisfactory pictures. Directions are from magnetic north; true north is 29° 15' west of magnetic north. ELECTRIC LOGGING Eight runs of Schlumbeiger electric logging equip- ment were made in the hole, and spontaneous potential and resistivity curves were obtained; run numbers and depths at which they were made are shown below. The electric log curves are shown on the graphic log (pl. 9), except for runs 1 and 3, which are overlapped ,by runs 2 and 4, respectively. Run Depa (feet) 1----------------------------------------- 97-584 2----- ------------------ 97-684 3----- ----------------- -- -- -----_ 685-1,743 4----- ------ -- ----------------- 686-1,815 5----- ---------------------- ----- 1,815-3,106 6------------------------------------------- 3,106-4,041 7------------------------------------------- 4,041-4,875 8------------------------------------------- 4,875-5,981 TEMPERATURE SURVEY A temperature survey was made in 1945, but it was later found that the temperature in the hole had not been in equilibrium with the surrounding rock, and the curve obtained was invalid In cleaning out the hole in the spring of 1946, the base of the permafrost was found at 920 feet. UMIAT TEST WELL 2 Location: Lat 69023104" N., long 152°05'01" W. Elevation: Ground, 333 feet; kelly bushing, 342 feet. Spudded: June 25, 1947. Completed:. December 12, 1947. Dry and abandoned. Total depth: 6,212 feet. Umiat test well 2 was actually the third test on the Umiat anticline; both Umiat test well ` 3 (originally named Umiat core test 1) and Umiat test well 1 were drilled earlier. The proposed location for Umiat test well 2, chosen to test the oil-producing possibilities of the Umiat anticline, was underlain by silt and muck which would have necessitated an expensive piling foundation. A site 79 feet downdip and 1,200 feet west along the strike of the anticline was found to have a bed EXPLANATION 0 OIL WELL - DRY AND ABANDONED SUSPENDED OIL WELL GAS WELL SUSPENDED GAS WELL I OIL AND GAS WELL --� OIL SHOW -ABANDONED -- GAS SHOW -ABANDONED - DRY AND ABANDONED SUSPENDED OIL WELL UMIAT 2 SUSPENDED GAS WELL I E HALKETT I£ 6 OIL AND GAS SHOW T i UMIAT 5 ABANDONED - DRY AND ABANDONED SUSPENDED OIL WELL BARROW AREA S.BARRO WALAKPA WALAKPA 2 KUYAR NI - BARROW AREA I a -¢- ARCON BARROW I �- S. BARROW . c .. ... + S. BARROW 2 N 2 J.W. DALTON I s S. BARROW -4 . ,ULL CL�FF I - . ♦ . SIM SON I - y _.� -- '— W T. FOPAN I i DREW L - S, s INT i CAP TO �AGORUK I `' SIMPSON I KUGRUA I {J - _ _' '__� E. TOP RUK ESHEPUK�• . IKPUK N d (t -- S.MEADE I. . N.' KALIKPIKI1 W. FISH CREEK I r^ UMIAT 2 G E HALKETT I£ 6 S. BARROW 6 T i UMIAT 5 S. BARROW 7 K C + S.,BARROW 8 A UMIAT B S. BARROW 9 BAYV i 0 UMIAT 10 --F�-' ISH UMIAT 11 S. BARROW 10 BARROW AREA S.BARRO WALAKPA WALAKPA 2 KUYAR NI - BARROW AREA I a -¢- ARCON BARROW I �- S. BARROW . c .. ... + S. BARROW 2 N 2 J.W. DALTON I s S. BARROW -4 . ,ULL CL�FF I - . ♦ . SIM SON I - y _.� -- '— W T. FOPAN I i DREW L - S, s INT i CAP TO �AGORUK I `' SIMPSON I KUGRUA I {J - _ _' '__� E. TOP RUK ESHEPUK�• . IKPUK N d (t -- S.MEADE I. . N.' KALIKPIKI1 W. FISH CREEK I r^ UMIAT 2 S. BARROW 5 E HALKETT I£ 6 S. BARROW 6 \ •ATIGARU UMIAT 5 S. BARROW 7 POINT 1 1 + S.,BARROW 8 S.HARRISON:. UMIAT B S. BARROW 9 BAYV i 0 UMIAT 10 --F�-' ISH UMIAT 11 S. BARROW 10 / tUNALIK I ! % r CREEK 1 S. BARROW 11 r- 0 ? S. BARROW 12 �- r_...__�, ® `r" _ INIGOK I ITKILLIK I + �� Mei.. Q W i3 + V E R S BARROW P-7 'AbLAK I -- -- +- '�� +. + (i dusty)S. BARROW 14 � OUNIALIK I �� S. BARROW 15 -� - S BARROW 17 AUKa OLU_K` I. Q -SENTINEL 1 IBARROW SE SQUARE, S BARROW 18 I �- _LA KE `OOi � S. BARROW i9 I GUBIK TITALUK I WOLI SEABEE I �' i -...._ OW 20 REE S. BAR CI 2 3 UMIAT -f- R �` �- * ��.+� AREA GUBIK AVAK l..__ ��'_4WUNA I �/ - - I NIF � LADE�r A UMIAT AREA t� \ K� GRANDSTAND I -�? UMIAT 1 spa i ��LISBURNE I ®�TtT�AAWw�C �MVCy� .. ' INDE%MAP- -PET-45 NPRA�� V �-�.• TEST WELLS AND SELECTED CORE TESTS, p 25 50 Mi. i 194a-53 1974 -SI NPN ALASKA 0 - 25 50 75 Km. RO0 ORO TETRA TECH REPORT NO.8200 FIGURE 2 UMIAT 2 0 UMIAT 3 6 UM IAT 4 • UMIAT 5 0 UMIAT 6 + UMIAT 7 E UMIAT B UMIAT 9 0 UMIAT 10 * UMIAT 11 FIGURE 2 "Old" 114avy Wells (1944-53) Well game Avak - 1 South Barrow -1 /00 South Barrow -2 100-6ege-1 Sduth-Barrow-3 i0t) 7 South Barrow -4 /00r'6616 Fish Creek -1 /DO -/6% Grandstand -1 / 00 Gubik-1 !b0 -0a I Gubik-2 Yaolak-1 Knifeblade-1 )Ot)-/(91 Knifeblade-2 J6C> Knifeblade-2A 11 Meade -1 Oum. alik-1 100-1141 East Oumalik-1 /00 /16� Simpson -1 i vorl% Squ*are Lake -1 Titaluk-1 1t)b-19b Topagoruk-1 100 -16)5 Eadt Topagoruk-1 /0U -(q6 Umiat-1 /00 Umiat-2 /Do -Q10 Umiat-3 foo -OU Umiat-4 100 Umiat-5 /00 Umiat-6 /00 -aNi Umiat-7 /Cj6-,916 Umiat-8 /00-9/40 Umiat-9 160 Umiat-10 Umiat-1.1 I 6X) Wolf Creek -1 Wolf Creek -2 Wolf Creek -3 1c) "Intermediate" Wells at Barrow.(1955-1974) South Barrow -5 156-60 S South Barrow -6 South Barrow -7 /66-03O ,South Barrow -8 /03 ,1--d3/ South Barrow -9 /00-63;L South Barrow -10 /W-653 South Barrow -11 ICD -634/ South Barrow -12 I6V-656-- A16"
