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Home My WebLink AboutGMC Data Report No. 332X-Ray Diffraction analysis and flow testing of Hemlock Sandstone from core of the XTO Energy Ina (orig. operator was Shell Co.) MGS (Middle Ground Shoal) C31-26 (9,195.5'- 9,196.4'), and Union Oil Company of California MGS State 17595 No. 31 (9,525.2'-9,526'). Received July 2006 Total of 17 pages in report Alaska Geologic Materials Center Data Report No. 332 BJ SERVICES COMPANY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER Special Core Analysis Group TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT NO.06-03-0250 XTO ENERGY FLOW TESTING HEMLOCK SANDSTONE FOR USE ON PLATFORM A OIL WELLS COOK INLET, ALASKA REPORT PREPARED FOR: MR. ROD EDWARDS BJ SERVICES TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE ALASKA APRIL 17, 2006 *~,,,~ r :~,w ti~ Oe~y1 D~ w ~z~ 17 _` GMC DATA RErt~RT 3 3 Z Page 1/ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 APRIL 17, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY OF RESULTS .............................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 2 ROCK CHARACTERIZATION EVALUATION ......................................... 3 FIGURES 1 - 2: SEM IMAGES .................................................. 6 - 7 PERMEABILITY AND FLOW TESTING .................................................... 8 FIGURES 3 - 6: REGAIN PERMEABILITIES ................................ 11 - 14 COMMENTS ................................................................................................... 15 GMC DATA RrP~RT 3 3 2 Page 2/17 ~~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 PAGE 1 APRIL 17, 2006 SUMMARY General Two core sections from the Hemlock Formation were analyzed to provide regain permeability data subsequent to mud damage and damage removal treatments. Flow Testing Porosity and permeability testing was conducted after aggressive cleaning of plugs. Helium porosities range from 10.4% to 16.8%, and dry nitrogen permeabilities range from 1.58 and to 177 and at room temperature and 250 psi confining pressure for permeability. Results of flow testing indicate that aParavan-25 preflush followed by an acid treatment is most effective in removing mud damage. The one step treatment with xyiene and acid was not effective in removing damage. Results of all tests are summarized below: Initial k k to Oil k to Oil k to Oil after Change, FLUID Depth, to Oil, after Mud, d after One and Shot Two Step Paravan-25 and (Relative feet and an , .Acid, and to Mud Dama e One Shot 9195.74 28.8 20.1 5.7 - -72 One Shot 9525.37 0.357 0.262 0.068 - -74 Two Ste 9196.13 41 37.8 - 40.2 +6 Two Ste 9525.35 0.290 0.250 - 0.239 -4 On the basis of the flow test data, we recommend that the 2 step system, consisting of a Paravan-25 preflush followed by the 10% HCI system, be used in the field. Mineralogy Quartz was the principal mineral phase detected by bulk X-ray analysis. Feldspars are abundant with plagioclase being the more abundant feldspar variety. Potassium feldspar is present in both samples. Iron-bearing dolomite was detected in a minor quantity in both samples. The total percentage of clay minerals and sheet silicates, from bulk X-ray analysis, ranges from 4% to 11%, by weight. Kaolinite (migrating) is the most abundant clay mineral. Illite-smectite, a mixed layer swelling clay with 65%-80% non-swelling illite layers and 20% - 35% expandable smectite layers, was detected in both samples. Chlorite (iron-bearing) was detected in both samples. Illite (mica) was also detected in both samples. By comparison, the 9525 foot sample contains more feldspar and clay than does the 9196 foot sample. The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. . r. ~ ~ ~ Page 3/17 ~ ~- BJ SERVICES TECWNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 APRIL 17, 2006 PAGE 2 INTRODUCTION Scope and purpose The analysis of core plugs, drilled from two submitted hlemlock core section, Cook Inlet, Alaska, serves as the data base for this study. The study was requested by Mr. Rod Edwards, BJ Services technical representative, Anchorage, Alaska. Data generated by the study will be used to clean up possible oil-based mud damage from XTO Energy horizontal wells in Cook Inlet, Alaska. BJ Services Technology Center sample numbers and analyses performed in this portion of the study are listed below: SAMPLE ANALYSIS Depth, NUMBER feet 0&03-0250 XRD SEM k FLOW 9525.38 1 - - X X - 9525.37 2 X X X X X 9525.35 3 - - X X X 9525.47 4 - - X X - 9525.48 5 - - X X - 9525.49 6 - - X X - 9196.15 7 - - X X - 9196.13 8 X X X X - 9195.88 9 - - X X X 9195.74 10 - - X X - 9195.80 11 - - X X X X =Analysis Performed - =Analysis not Performed XRD = X-ray Diffraction Analysis SEM =Scanning Electron Microscopy = Porosity k = Permeabili FLOW =Flow Testing This study was initiated to provide regain permeability data subsequent to acidization and treatments. Analyses Pertormed To supply data required from the study, the following analyses were performed and are reported in this portion of the study: X-ray Diffraction Analysis Scanning Electron Microscopy Porosity and Permeability Determination Flow Testing with Acid Flow Testing with Two Step System The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the stantlard contract terms at the time of sale. I GMC oa;r~- fC~~ ~~T ~ 3 C Page 4/17 1 BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 APRIL 17, 2006 PAGE 3 MINERALOGY -ROCK CHARACTERIZATION EVALUATION Sample Analysed and Description of Methods An evaluation of the rock mineralogy of portions of a plug from each core section was initiated to determine the mineralogic composition for use as a parameter in the design of a treatment system. Two samples were analyzed using semiquantitative bulk and clay fraction X-ray analysis (XRD). Portions of these samples were reserved for ex- amination with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the distribution of clay and other pore filling minerals. Approximate weight percentages of mineral phases present in a sample, including clay minerals, are specifically determined by X-ray analysis. Clay mineral distributions and the overall morphology of the pore system (porosity and the degree of interconnection of open pores) are examined during scanning electron microscopy. Prior to analysis, residual contamination was removed by toluene vapor extraction. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Samples were analyzed using both bulk (whole rock) and fine (clay-size) fraction X-ray diffraction techniques. A portion of each selected sample was gently crushed, and crushed material was thoroughly mixed. Half of the crushed material was ground to a fine powder, and the bulk mineralogy of the sample was determined. The clay size fraction was separated from the second part of the crushed mixture, and the clay mineralogy of each sample was determined in both air dried and glycolated states. Note that the term trace (Tr) refers to a quantity of less than 1 %. Quartz was the principal mineral phase detected by bulk X-ray analysis (69% - 81 %). Plagioclase is the more abundant feldspar variety (8% - 14%). Potassium feldspar (4% - 5%) was detected in both samples. Iron-bearing dolomite was detected in a minor quantity in both samples (1%). The total percentage of clay minerals and sheet silicates, from bulk X-ray analysis, ranges from 4% to 11 %, by weight. Kaolinite (migrating) is the most abundant clay mineral (3%). Illite-smectite, a mixed layer swelling clay with 65-85% non-swelling illite layers and 20% - 35% expandable smectite layers, was detected in both samples (Tr - 3%). Chlorite (iron-bearing) was detected in both samples (1 - 3%). Illite (mica) was also detected in both samples (1 % - 2%). By comparison, the 9525 foot sample contains more feldspar and clay than does the 9196 foot sample. Results of the analysis are given on the following page. The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract lama at the time of sale. GMC DATA`, RED ART 3 3 2 Page 5/I7 ~ 1 BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 PAGE 4 APRIL 17, 2006 SEMIQUANTITATIVE X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS XTO ACID STUDY AMPLE NO.: 06-03-0250 2 $ SAMPLE DEPTH, ft 9525.37 .9196.13 CLAY MINE RALS ILLITE-SMECTITE 3 Tr ILLITE 2 1 1 CHLORITE 3 2 KAOLINITE 3 CARBONATE M INERALS CALCITE (CaC03} Tr ND FERROAN DOLOMITE ((Ca(Mg,Fe)(COs)2) 1 1 OTHER MIN ERALS QUARTZ 69 81 PLAGIOCLASE FELDSPAR 14 8 POTASSIUM FELDSPAR 4 5 TOTAL S CLAY MINERALS 11 4 CARBONATE MINERALS 1 1 OTHER MINERALS 87 94 *THE ILLITE-SMECTITE IS 20% - 35% EXPANDABLE SMECTITE LAYERS. Tr = <1 % ND =NOT DETECTED The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accurecy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. GMC DATA REPORT 3 3 2 Page 6/17 ~~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 pAGE 5 APRIL 17, 2006 Scanning Electron Microscopy Portions of two samples were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The principal objective of this examination is to observe the distribution of clay minerals and other authigenic cements in the pore system. Secondarily, the overall morphology of the pore system, particularly with regard to pore sizes and the degree of interconnection of open pores, was examined. Features of samples are illustrated in black and white photo images which accompany the report (Figures 1 - 2). Samples examined represent poorly to moderately sorted, fine to lower medium grained feldspathic quartz sandstones. Quartz is the principal framework grain. Feldspars are present and have been diagenetically altered to clay minerals. Other framework grains were not observed. Kaolinite and illite-smectite are obvious authigenic clay minerals observed in these samples. The kaolinite may have replaced some feldspar grains. The clay is authigenic and locally fill pores and blocks entrances to pore throats. Illite- smectite bridges pores and pore throats. Minor quartz overgrowth development was observed on few quartz grains. Porosity in these samples is limited by the precipitation of authigenic clay in the pore system, by the precipitation of quartz overgrowths on quartz grains, by long axis close packing of framework grains, and by the poor sorting .(allows larger pores to be filled by finer grains). Pore and pore throat sizes are summarized below: DEPTH, ft MAXIMUM PORE SIZE, m MAXIMUM PORE THROAT SIZE, m OBSERVED PORE TYPE 9196.13 100 5 P, M 9525.37 30 1 P ~ M P =PRIMARY INTERGRANULAR M = M1CR0 ANY PORE <5 m The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressetl or implied, with respect to the accurecy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. GMC D~-TA REPORT 3 3.2 Page ~/1~ ~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 PAGE 6 APRIL 17, 2006 FIGURE 1 SEM IMAGES XTO, PLATFORM A, 9525.37 FEET The portion of the sample illustrated in these SEM images represents a poorly to moderately sorted, upper fine to lower medium grained sandstone. Quartz (Q) is the principal framework grain. Most grains exhibit some overgrowth development. Feldspars (F) are abundant and have locally been altered (AF). Open pores (arrow and P) are present but are locally filled by silt-sized grains. Kaolinite (K) is a major authigenic clay mineral. The clay partially fills pores. Illite-smectite (IS) is abundant, forming thin rims on framework quartz grains and bridging pore throats. Magnification Photo A = 200x; Photo B = 650x. The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. . 1 GMC DATA REPORT 3 3 Z Page s/17 ~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 APRIL 17, 2006 PAGE 7 FIGURE 2 SEM IMAGES XTO, PLATFORM A, 9196.13 FEET The portion of the sample illustrated in these SEM images represents a moderately sorted, upper fine to lower medium grained sandstone. Quartz (Q) is the principal framework grain. Most grains exhibit quartz overgrowth development (QOG). Kaolinite (K) is the principal authigenic clay mineral observed. The clay partially fills pores and blocks entrances to pore throats. Micropores (arrow) are abundant in areas of the rock occupied by kaolinite. Chlorite (CH?) rims framework quartz grains. Feldspar grains have locally been altered to clay (C). The area illustrated in Photo B is an enlargement of the area enclosed by the box in Photo A. Magnification Photo A = 100x; Photo B = 250x. The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. GMC DATA REPORT 3 3 2 Page 9/17 j~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 PAGE 8 APRIL 17, 2006 PERMEABILITY AND FLOW TESTING Eleven (11) 1 inch in diameter core plugs were drilled from the two submitted core sections. Prior to testing, residual hydrocarbon and other contaminants were removed from plugs, using the toluene vapor extraction technique. In this technique, extraction is continued until the fluid in contact with cores is colorless. Plugs were further cleaned with methanol to strip any residual fluids from the pore system. After cleaning, plugs were dried at 150 °F for 13 hours. Helium porosifles are determined with a dual cell Boyle's Law porosimeter, and dry nitrogen permeabilities are determined with a standard permeameter. Bulk densities are determined from plug dimensions and plug masses. Results of analyses for plugs used in flow testing are given below: Depth, ft Sample No. 06-03-0250 Pore Volume, cm3 Bulk Density, g/cm3 Grain Density, glcm3 He Porosity ~, % k to Nz, and 9525.38 1 3.46 2.374 2.662 10.8 1.58 9525.37 2 2.93 2.364 2.668 11.4 1.84 9525.35 3 2.60 2.393 2.669 10.4 1.93 9525.47 4 2.59 2.363 2.665 11.3 1.59 9525.48 5 3.66 2.367 2.669 11.3 1.66 9525.49 6 3.37 2.372 2.663 10.9 1.67 9196.15 7 5.19 2.201 2.643 16.7 177 9196.13 8 4.46 2.198 2.642 16.8 132 9195.88 9 4.82 2.241 2.646 15.3 84.1 9195.74 10 4.31 2.245 2.650 15.3 79.2 9195.80 11 5.25 2.225 2.650 16.0 70.3 Special Testing Testing was initiated to fulfill the following objectives: • Determine the effectiveness of a single step acid treatment in removing an oil based mud from the rock • Determine if the previously developed mud damage removal system is effective with formation oil and formation rock, with reduced concentrations of Paravan-25 and US-40. Test fluids, procedures and results are summarized on the following pages. The above data and interpretations are supplied SolCly for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or impliatl, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standartl contract terms at the time of sale. . GNIC DATA REPORT 3 3 Z Page 10/17 ~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT ;6-03-0250 PAGE 9 APRIL 17, 2006 Fluid Systems Systems utilized in flow testing are given below: Fluid Formulations Fluid Additives MI Versadrill Oil Base Supplied by XTO. 80/20 Oil external/water emulsion. Versacoat g ppg 5 ppb; Versawet 2.5 ppb; Lime 2 ppb; IMG400 8 ppb; Versa HRP 1 b; CaCl2 25% One Shot Acid Plus 4 gpt S-400; 1 gpt NE-118; 3 gpt NE-110W; 50 gpt US-40; 5 gpt 10% HCI/25% Xylene CI-27; 30 ppt Ferrotrol-300 + 7 ppt Ferrotrol-200; 15 gpt AS-6 ests 1 - 2 Pretreat -Tests 3 - 4 3% KCI; 25 t Paravan-25; 5% US-40; 10 t NE-110W Oil 70% Mineral Oil/30% Iso ar L and su lied b XTO 10%HCI -Tests 3 - 4 25 gpt Paravan-25; 5% US-40; 3 gpt NE-110W; 30 ppt Ferrotrol- 300; 7 ppt Ferrotrol-200; 5 gpt CI-25 -Note that AS-6 was not omitted from this acid because field oil was injected prior to acid injection. AQUEOUS FLUIDS ARE BASED IN FILTERED FRESH TOMBALL TAP WATER. Testing: All testing was performed in accordance with standard BJ Services test procedures Test procedures for the flow tests are, generally, as follows: Prior to analysis, plugs were seated in rubber sleeves at 1000 psi confining pressure and flowed with filtered formation water (when available) to core saturation. The system was gradually heated to 165 °F. A backpressure of 150 psi was used throughout all tests. This step is common to all flow test procedures. Tests 1- 2; Mud Damage followed by the One Shot Acid Plus System 2. Flow was established in an arbitrary formation to wellbore (production) direction with laboratory oil to steady state permeability. 3. After steady state was achieved, formation oil (2 pore volumes) and mud were injected dynamically (cross-face flow) at 500 psi. The mud was then statically shut in for 6 hours. The above data and interpretati°ns are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, edt+er expressed Or implied, with respect to the accuracy Or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard eontrae! terms at the time of sale. . GMC DATA REPORT ~ 3 2 Page 11/17 ~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 PAGE 10 APRIL 17, 2006 4. Plugs were flowed in the production direction to determine a damaged permeability. This step is necessary to make sure that a damaged plug is being treated. For example, if the plug is not damaged by mud injection and if the treatment is run immediately after mud injection, an unsuccessful treatment, relative to mud damage removal, could appear to be successful if application of the treatment did not result in damage to the core. 5. The One Shot Acid Plus system (10 pore volumes) was injected in the wellbore to formation direction. 6. Flow was established in an arbitrary formation to wellbore (production) direction with laboratory oil to steady state permeability. 7. Results are illustrated on Figures 1 - 2. Preflush, "New" Acid System Testing 8. Steps 1 through 3 above. 9. Step 4 above, using laboratory oil as the flowing medium. 10. The Paravan-25 system was injected, followed by the injection of 10 pore volumes of the "new" acid system. Flow was re-established in the forward (production) direction to steady state permeability. 11. Results are illustrated on Figures 3 and 4. Tho above dale end interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and 8J Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. AI! product warranties and guararnees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. GMC DATA REPORT 3 3. ~ Page 12/7 ~~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 PAGE 11 APRIL 17, 2006 FIGURE 1 REGAIN PERMEABILITY TESTING MUD DAMAGE FOLLOWED BY THE ONE SHOT PLUS SYSTEM LAB OIL AS FLOWING MEDIUM 9 E s E E o_ Permeability to Lab Oil: Permeability to Lab Oil after Mud: Permeability to Lab Oil after Acid: 0.357 and 0.262 and 0.068 and The acid did not remove mud damage. The permeability was further reduced subsequent to acid contact. The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarntees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. / GMC DATA REPORT 3 3 2 Page ~ 3/ 1 ~ ~ Initlal k to oil K to 011 aner mua ~ .........•-• _.._ ___ _ _ Parameter BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 PAGE 12 APRIL 17, 2006 FIGURE 2 REGAIN PERMEABILITY TESTING MUD DAMAGE FOLLOWED BY THE ONE SHOT PLUS SYSTEM LAB OIL AS FLOWING MEDIUM .~ BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 APRIL 17, 2006 PAGE 13 FIGURE 3 REGAIN PERMEABILITY TESTING LAB OIL AS FLOWING MEDIUM MUD DAMAGE FOLLOWED BY THE PARAVAN-25 PREFLUSH FOLLOWED BY THE "NEW" ACID SYSTEM E a s r E a Parameter Initial Permeability to Oil: 0.290 and Permeability to Oil after Mud: 0.250 and Permeability to Lab Oil after Acid: 0.239 and The two step treatment did not remove mud damage. The permeability was slightly reduced subsequent to acid contact The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Sernces Company makes no guarantees or warrantes, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. GMC DATA REPORT 3 3 2 Page ~5/1~ j ~ Initial k to oil k to oil afDer mud k to oil after two step treatment BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 PAGE 14 APRIL 17, 2006 FIGURE 4 REGAIN PERMEABILITY TESTING LAB OIL AS FLOWING MEDIUM MUD DAMAGE FOLLOWED BY THE PARAVAN-25 PREFLUSH FOLLOWED BY THE "NEW" ACID SYSTEM so ao E ~ E a n 11 Parameter Initial Permeability to Oil: 41.0 and Permeability to Oil after Mud: 37.8 and Permeability to Lab Oil after Acid: 40.2 and The permeability of the rock was nearly restored to its original value by the use of the two step treatment. The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees ~~ wa~~a„~~~, either expressed or implied, with respect to the aceuracy.or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale: . 6MC DATA REPORT 3 3 2 Page 16/1 ~ Initial k to oil K to on aner mua ~ .r ~~• ~• V-• •--- --~ freatmsnt BJ SERVICES TECHNOLOGY CENTER REPORT #06-03-0250 APRIL 17, 2006 PAGE 15 COMMENTS General -Two core sections from the Hemlock Formation were analyzed to provide regain permeability data subsequent to mud damage and damage removal treatments. Flow Testing -Helium porosities range from 10.4% to 16.8%, and dry nitrogen permeabilities range from 1.58 and to 177 md. Results of flow testing indicate that a Paravan-25 preflush followed by an acid treatment is most effective in removing mud damage. The one step treatment with xylene and acid was not effective in removing damage. Results of all tests are summarized below: FLUID Depth, feet Initial k to Oil, and k to Oil after Mud,. and k to Oil after One Shot, and k to Oil after Two Step Paravan-25 and Acid, and Change, (Relative to Mud Dam e One Shot 9195.74 28.8 20.1 5.7 - -72 One Shot 9525.37 0.357 0.262 0.068 - -74 Two Ste 9196.13 41 37.8 - 40.2 +6 Two Ste 9525.35 0.290 0.250 - 0.239 -4 On the basis of the flow test data, we recommend that the 2 step system, consisting of a Paravan-25 preflush followed by the 10% HCI system, be used in the field. Mineralogy -Quartz was the principal mineral phase detected by bulk X-ray analysis. Feldspars are abundant with plagioclase being the more abundant feldspar variety. Iron-bearing dolomite was detected in a minor quantity in both samples. The total percentage of clay minerals and sheet silicates, from bulk X-ray analysis, ranges from 4% to 11 %, by weight. Kaolinite (migrating) is the most abundant clay mineral. Illite- smectite, amixed layer swelling clay with 65%-80% non-swelling illite layers and 20% - 35% expandable smectite layers, was detected in both samples. Chlorite (iron-bearing) was detected in both samples. Illite (mica) was also detected in both samples. By comparison, the 9525 foot sample contains more feldspar and clay than does the 9196 foot sample. Laboratory Report No.: 06-03-0250 Reported by: Carolyn S. De Vine Requested by: Rod Edwards Location: Alaska Analyzed by: K. Spurlock, J. Cutler, L. Vestal, G. Braun, C. De Vine Data Integration: C. De Vine Distribution: Rod Edwards, Nabil EI Shaari, SCA File, GS File, TTC File The above data and interpretations are supplied solely for informational purposes, and BJ Services Company makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy or use of these data and interpretations. All product warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the standard contract terms at the time of sale. Page 17/17 ~ GMC DATA REPORT 3 3 2 ~